18-05-2025

1001CPA404016250003 PA

SCIENCE

SA (2 Marks)

1) Define uniform motion and non-uniform motion. Draw the distance - time graphs for uniform
motion and non-uniform motion.

2) (a) Define the term diffusion.

(b) Arrange the following diffusions in increasing order of their tendency to diffuse-
(i) gas-gas
(ii) solid-liquid
(iii) solid - solid

3) (a) Write two points of difference between evaporation and boiling.

(b) Explain how rate of evaporation is affected by following-
(i) Temperature
(ii) Humidity in the air

4) (a) What do you mean by selectively permeable membrane?

(b) Define crenation.

5) (a) Ram placed a shelled raw egg in hypotonic solution. What will he observe after a few hours?
(b) What do you mean by genes?

SA (3 Marks)

1) (a) Under what condition is the magnitude of average velocity of an object is equals to its average
speed? [1 M]
(b) Derive second equation of motion.
[2 M]

CB/LA (4 Marks)

1) Anuj started driving his car. He increases the speed till 4 seconds and then he kept his car in
constant speed for 6 seconds. Then after he decreased the speed of the car upto another 6 seconds.
After reaching at the starting place, he draws the speed-time graph of his 16 seconds driving as
shown below: (a) What type of motion is represented by OA?
(b) What type of motion is represented by BC?
(c) Draw the distance-time graph of the body in non uniform motion when
(i) Speed is increasing with time.
(ii) Speed is decreasing with time OR (c) Is the value of distance and displacement in the above
graph same? If yes, Explain.

2) Matter around us exists in three different states – solids, liquids and gases. These states arise due
to the variation in the characteristics of the particles of matter. By changing the conditions of
temperature and pressure, all three states could be obtained. It is due to the change in interparticle
spaces and forces. Also change in pressure plays a very important role in interconversion of state of
matter.
(a) Explain why liquids have fluidity and not rigidity? [1 M]
(b) How does freezing of liquid occur in terms of temperature and kinetic energy of the particles?
[1 M]
(c) (i) Define latent heat of vaporisation of a liquid.
(ii) Give two examples of substances that show sublimation. [2 M] OR (c) Why cooking of food
takes longer time on mountains and lesser time in pressure cookers?

3) Draw a well labelled diagram of Nucleus and also write it’s any four functions.

MATHEMATICS

SA (2 Marks)

1) Determine p, q if

2) Prove that : x3 + y3 + z3 – 3xyz = (x + y + z)[(x – y)2 + (y – z)2 + (z – x)2]

SA (3 Marks)

1) Represent units on number line.

2) If find value of
(i)

(ii)

(iii)

3) Express in the form , where p and q are integers q ≠ 0.

4) If x = 22/3 – 21/3 – 2, then prove that x3 + 6x2 + 18x + 18 = 0.

CB (4 Marks)

1) Mrs. Rakhi lives in an undeveloped area where there is no facility of proper education. But one
thing is available in that area i.e., network. Since she was very keen to take education, she decided
to complete her education through e-learning. One day she was studying number system, where she
was learning about rational numbers, irrational numbers and decimal numbers, etc.

Help her to solve the following:

(i) Convert the rational number into decimal number. (1) (ii) Write one irrational number

between 2.365 and 3.125. (1) (iii) If then find the value . (2) OR Find the product of

two irrational numbers and . (2)

LA ( 5 Marks)

1) If f(x) = x4 – 2x3 + 3x2 – ax + b is a polynomial such that when it is divided by x – 1 and x + 1, the
remainder are respectively 5 and 19. Determine the remainder when f(x) is divided by (x – 2).

ENGLISH

SEC-1 (READING)

Common Content for Question No. 1 to 2

Based on the reading of the above passage, answer the questions given below. (7 × 1 = 7
Marks)
Throughout history, civilizations have risen and fallen, often due to a combination of internal
weaknesses and external pressures. One such civilization, the Roman Empire, provides a striking
example of how these factors can shape the fate of entire societies. At its peak, the Roman Empire
controlled vast territories and was renowned for its military prowess, architectural achievements,
and cultural influence. However, despite these accomplishments, the empire ultimately succumbed
to internal strife, political corruption, and barbarian invasions.
One of the most significant reasons for the fall of the Roman Empire was political instability. As the
empire expanded, it became increasingly difficult to govern such a vast and diverse territory.
Emperors were often overthrown or assassinated, leading to a lack of continuity in leadership. This
instability weakened the empire's ability to respond effectively to external threats. In addition,
corruption within the government drained resources that could have been used to maintain the
empire's infrastructure or defend its borders.
The external pressures that contributed to the fall of Rome were equally significant. The empire
faced continuous attacks from barbarian tribes such as the Goths, Vandals, and Huns, who gradually
eroded Roman territory. By the time of the empire's collapse in 476 AD, it had already been divided
into the Eastern and Western Roman Empires. The Western Roman Empire was particularly
vulnerable, and its eventual fall marked the end of ancient Rome’s dominance in Europe.
The decline of the Roman Empire serves as a cautionary tale about the fragility of civilizations. While
no empire is immune to decline, the story of Rome underscores the importance of strong leadership,
political stability, and the ability to adapt to changing circumstances.

1) Which of these was NOT mentioned as a cause of the Roman Empire’s fall?

(1) Economic inflation

(2) Political corruption
(3) Barbarian invasions
(4) Leadership instability

2) According to the passage, which of the following weakened the empire’s ability to respond to
external threats?

(1) Military disobedience

(2) Frequent leadership changes
(3) Religious conflicts
(4) Technological backwardness

3)

Complete the sentence using information from the given passage.

Internal ________ and ________ pressures have caused numerous effects on the rise and fall of
civilizations as can be seen through the historical records too.

4)

State whether the statement is TRUE or FALSE.

The decline of the Roman Empire serves as a cautionary tale about the stability of civilizations.

5) Find out the words from the given passage.

(i) Antonym of ‘notorious’ (para 1)
(ii) Synonym of ‘important’ (para 3)

6) What role did government corruption play in weakening the Roman Empire’s infrastructure?

7) Suppose you are the emperor of a big empire. After reading the given passage, what do you learn
about the empire in order to sustain your empire?

SEC-II (WRITING)

Common Content for Question No. 1 to 2

Attempt ANY ONE of the given two questions. (3 Marks)

1) Write a story in 100–120 words with the help of the given outlines. Add a suitable title and moral.
A boy – lost in a fair – scared and crying – sees a police officer – explains situation – policeman helps
– searches and finds parents – boy is happy – lesson on not wandering alone.

2)

Write a story in 100–120 words with the help of the given introductory line. Add a suitable title and
moral. Use the given line to begin your story.
“It was a cold winter evening, and the old woman was preparing a simple meal when a knock came
at the door...”

SEC-III (GRAMMAR-1)

Common Content for Question No. 1 to 2

There is an error in the given sentences. Find out the error and supply the correction in
the given format. (3 × ½ = 1½ Marks)

Error Correction

1) If the engineers had conducted a more thorough safety inspection before launching the
spacecraft, they will have detected the critical fault in the fuel system.

2) It is all due to growing fashion and western culture that many children have avoid using the
traditional methods of life style and cultural pursuits.

3) Since the day she joined the company, she has been researching the effects of climate change on
Arctic wildlife without reached a definitive conclusion.

SEC-IV (GRAMMAR-2)
Common Content for Question No. 1 to 2
Complete the following sentences by choosing the correct option. (3 × ½ = 1½ Marks)

1) By the end of this year, the workers ________ (build) the wall in my neighbourhood for five days.

(1) will have been building

(2) will be building
(3) would have built
(4) will build

2) Every person ________ (be) a human resource in the country like India. Human beings ______ (have)
the ability to learn and earn in order to _______ (sustain) their livelihood.

(1) was, have, sustained

(2) is, have, sustain
(3) will be, had, sustaining
(4) be, have, sustained

3) I would have solved the whole puzzle by myself if I _______ (have) a dictionary at that time.

(1) would have had

(2) would have
(3) had had
(4) will have

SEC-V (LITERATURE-1)

Common Content for Question No. 1 to 2

Read the following extract and answer the questions given below. (3 × 1 = 3 Marks)
Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,
And sorry I could not travel both
And be one traveller, long I stood
And looked down one as far as I could
To where it bent in the undergrowth (The Road Not Taken)

1) Which of the following statements is correct referring to the given extract?

(1) It is about a man who is travelling from Britain to America through a forest.
(2) It is the extract about a man who is lost in the forest.
It is the concluding part of the poem where the traveller is regretting for not choosing the
(3)
correct road from the two.
It begins the poem with the introduction of a road diverged into two paths from which the
(4)
traveller decides the one to walk on.

2) Why is the poet sorry?

3) Which of the following combinations of literary devices has been used in the above extract?
(1) Simile and Rhyme Scheme-ABAAA
(2) Anaphora and Rhyme Scheme-ABABB
(3) Anaphora and Rhyme Scheme-ABAAB
(4) None of the above

SEC-VI (LITERATURE-2)

1) "What made Margie's mother send for the County Inspector, and how was his appearance
described?" (The Fun They Had)

2) Which part Margie hated the most in the mechanical teacher? Give a reasoned answer. (The Fun
They Had)

3) Why did the lost child go towards the temple? What happened there? (The Lost Child)

4) Was the poet able to travel on the road he had left for another day? Give answer with reasons.
(The Road Not Taken)

SEC-VII (LITERATURE-3)

1) Discuss the meaning of the following phrases: (i) it was grassy and wanted wear and (ii) how way
leads on to way (The Road Not Taken)

2) When did the child realise that he had lost his way? Describe his anxiety and insecurity after
being lost? (The Lost Child)

3) How did the stranger try to calm down the child? How did he respond to the efforts the stranger
did to distract the attention of the child? (The Lost Child)

4) Describe the characteristics of old schools. How did they arouse so much interest in Margie and
Tommy? (The Fun They Had)

SOCIAL SCIENCE

MCQ (1 Mark)

1) Which assembly abolished the feudal system in France?

(1) Estates-General
(2) National Assembly
(3) Legislative Assembly
(4) National Convention

2) The period of the Directory in France came after:

(1) The storming of the Bastille

(2) The Reign of Terror
(3) The execution of Louis XVI
(4) The Tennis Court Oath

3) In a democracy the final decision making power must rest with__________.

(1) The official heads

(2) The Monarchs
(3) Those elected by the people
(4) None

4) China’s famine of ______ was the worst recorded famine in world history.

(1) 1957-1960
(2) 1958-1961
(3) 1959-1961
(4) 1956-1961

VSA ( 2 Marks)

1) Write any two arguments in favour of democracy.

2) Differentiate between the active citizens and passive citizens.

3) Write the name of authors of the following books.

(i) The Spirit of Laws.
(ii) The Social Contract.

SA (3 Marks)

1) Mention any three steps taken by the revolutionary government of France for improving the lives
of women.

2) Differentiate between democracy and dictatorship. Write any three points.

CB (4 Marks)

1) Read the extract and answer the questions that follows:

In China, elections are regularly held after every five years for electing the country's parliament,
called Quanguo Renmin Daibiao Dahui (National People's Congress). The National People's Congress
has the power to appoint the President of the country. It has nearly 3,000 members elected from all
over China. Some members are elected by the army. Before contesting elections, a candidate needs
the approval of the Chinese Communist Party. Only those who are members of the Chinese
Communist Party or eight smaller parties allied to it were allowed to contest elections held in
2002-03. The government is always formed by the Communist Party.
10.1 Which party always forms the government in China?
10.2 Which body has the power to appoint the President of China?
10.3 Is China a democratic country or not? Give arguments in favour of your answer.

LA (5 Marks)

1) Write a short note on ‘the Reign of Terror’.

 ANSWER KEYS

SCIENCE

SA (2 Marks)

Q. 1 2 3 4 5
A.

SA (3 Marks)

Q. 6
A.

CB/LA (4 Marks)

Q. 7 8 9
A.

MATHEMATICS

SA (2 Marks)

Q. 10 11
A.

SA (3 Marks)

Q. 12 13 14 15
A.

CB (4 Marks)

Q. 16
A.

LA ( 5 Marks)

Q. 17
A.

ENGLISH

SEC-1 (READING)

Q. 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
A. 1 2
 SEC-II (WRITING)

Q. 25 26
A.

SEC-III (GRAMMAR-1)

Q. 27 28 29
A.

SEC-IV (GRAMMAR-2)

Q. 30 31 32
A. 1 2 3

SEC-V (LITERATURE-1)

Q. 33 34 35
A. 4 3

SEC-VI (LITERATURE-2)

Q. 36 37 38 39
A.

SEC-VII (LITERATURE-3)

Q. 40 41 42 43
A.

SOCIAL SCIENCE

MCQ (1 Mark)

Q. 44 45 46 47
A. 2 2 3 2

VSA ( 2 Marks)

Q. 48 49 50
A.

SA (3 Marks)

Q. 51 52
A.

CB (4 Marks)

Q. 53
A.

LA (5 Marks)

Q. 54
A.
 SOLUTIONS

SCIENCE

1) Uniform velocity:
When a body covers equal distances in equal intervals of time, however small may be the time
intervals, in a particular direction, the body is said to describe a uniform motion.

Non-uniform velocity:
When a body covers unequal distances in equal intervals of time, the body is said to be moving

with a non-uniform motion.

2) (a) The spontaneous intermixing of particles of two or more different substances is called
diffusion.
(b) (iii) < (ii) < (i)

3) (a)

Evaporation Boiling

Boiling takes place only at definite

Evaporation process takes
temperature(boiling point) at which
1 place spontaneously at all
the vapour pressure of the liquid is
temperatures.
equal to atmospheric pressure.

Evaporation takes place Boiling takes place even below the

only at the surface of the surface of the liquid in the form of
2
liquid. Evaporation is a bubbles. Boiling is a bulk
surface phenomenon. phenomenon.

3 It always causes cooling. No cooling.

(b) (i) Temperature
Rate of evaporation increases with increase in temperature. This is because with the increase in
temperature more number of particles get enough kinetic energy to go into the vapour state(or
gaseous state). For example, Clothes dry faster in summers than in winters.
(ii) Humidity in the air
The air around us contains water vapour or moisture. The amount of water present in the air is
referred to as humidity. The air cannot hold more than a definite amount of water vapour at a given
temperature. If the humidity is more, the rate of vaporization decreases. The rate of evaporation is
more if the air is dry. For example, Clothes do not dry easily during rainy season because the rate of
evaporation is less due to high moisture content(humidity) in the air.

4)

(a) A selectively-permeable membrane is a membrane that allows only some substances and
molecules to pass into or leave the cell.
(b) In an animal cell, the shrinkage of protoplasm is called crenation.

5)

(a) There will be no change in size of the egg. In case of raw egg, the shell acts as an
impermeable covering.
(b) The functional segments of DNA are called as genes.

6) (a) When an object moves along a straight path without change in its direction, the average
velocity of an object is equal to its average speed.
(b) Second equation of motion
It gives the distance travelled by a uniformly accelerated body in time ‘t’. A body having an
initial velocity 'u' is acted upon by a uniform acceleration 'a' for time 't' such that final velocity
of the body is 'v' and the distance covered is 's'.
Average velocity of body:

Now,
Distance covered = average velocity × time taken

…..(1)
But v = u + at (from first equation of motion) …..(2)
Using (1) & (2), we get,

or

7) (a) Motion represented by OA is uniform acceleration.

(b) Motion represented by BC is retardation.

(c) (i) (ii) OR (c) No, they are not same. As graph
show motion away from starting point and then returns to starting point.
∴ Displacement = 0 and distance 0 (distance will be calculated by actual path travel by
an object)

8) (a) Liquids have fluidity and not rigidity : Unlike solids, the liquids have fluidity and not
rigidity i.e. they have tendency to flow. This is due to lesser interparticle or intermolecular
 forces that are present in the liquid state as compared to the solid state. However, the liquids
differ in their relative fluidity. For example, water flows at a faster rate than honey because in
honey, the particles are heavier and also more closely packed.
(b) Change of state from liquid to solid-freezing : When the temperature of a solid is
raised, it melts to form a liquid. Conversely, if the temperature of a liquid is lowered the
reverse process takes place. The kinetic energy of the particles decreases and the particles
start moving slowly. As the temperature is further lowered, the attractive forces pull the
particles close together and the substance freezes i.e. the liquid changes into solid. Thus, the
temperature at which a liquid freezes to become a solid at atmospheric pressure is called the
freezing point.
(c) (i) Latent heat of vaporization : The latent heat of vaporization of a liquid is the quantity
of heat in joules required to convert 1 kilogram of the liquid (at its boiling point) to vapour or
gas, without any change in temperature. The latent heat of vaporization of water is 22.5 × 105
joules per kilogram (or 22.5 × 105 J/kg).
(ii) Ammonium chloride, camphor, iodine, naphthalene, solid carbon dioxide (dry ice),
anthracene undergoes sublimation. OR (c) The boiling point of a liquid depends upon the
pressure acting on it. It increases, if the pressure is increased or decreases if the pressure
acting on it is decreased. For example, water boils at 373 K at sea level where the pressure is
1 atmosphere. However, on mountains, it boils at a lower temperature where the pressure is
less than 1 atmosphere. Conversely, in a pressure cooker it boils at a higher temperature (that
is way latent heat also increases) where the pressure is more than one atmosphere. It is
because of this reason that cooking of food takes longer time on mountains and lesser time in
pressure cookers.

9)

Functions of nucleus
The nucleus performs following functions:
It controls all the metabolic activities of the cell.
It brings about growth of the cell by directing the synthesis of structural proteins.
It takes part in the formation of ribosomes.
It regulates cell cycle.
It contains genetic information and is concerned with the transmission of hereditary traits
from one generation to another.

MATHEMATICS

10)

Take LCM =
⇒ p = 0,

=q

p = 0, q =

11)

(x + y + z) [(x – y)2 + (y – z)2 + (z – x)2]

= (x + y + z) [(x2 – 2xy + y2) + (y2 – 2yz + z2) + (z2 – 2zx + x2)]

= (x + y + z) (2x2 + 2y2 + 2z2 – 2xy – 2yz – 2zx)

= (x + y + z) 2(x2 + y2 + z2 – xy – yz – zx)
= (x + y + z) (x2 + y2 + z2 – xy – yz – zx)
= x3 + y3 + z3 – 3xyz
Hence proved

12)

Let ℓ be the number line.

Draw a line segment AB = 9.5 units and BC = 1 unit. Find the mid point O of AC.
Draw a semicircle with centre O and radius OA or OC.

Draw BD ⊥ AC intersecting the semicircle at D. Then BD = units. Now, with centre B

and radius BD, draw an arc intersecting the number line ℓ at P.
Hence, BD = BP =

13)
(i) [On squaring both side]

⇒ x2 + 2(x) + =9

⇒ x2 + 2 + =9

⇒ x2 + =9–2=7

Thus, x2 + =7 ... (1)

(ii) [On cubing both sides]

x3 + + 3.x. = 27

⇒ x3 + + 3.3 = 27

⇒ x3 + = 27 – 9 = 18

Thus, x3 + = 18

(iii) From (1), we have x2 + =7

⇒ = (7)2 [On squaring both sides]

⇒ x4 + + 2.x2. = 49

⇒ x4 + + 2 = 49

⇒ x4 + = 49 – 2 = 47

Thux, x4 + = 47

14)

Let ……. ….(i)

On multiplying both sides of equation (i) by 10 we get
10x = 7.77…. ….(ii)
On subtracting equation (i) from equation (ii), we get
10x – x = (7.77…) – (0.77…)
⇒ 9x =7

∴
Now, let …...
On multiplying both sides of equation by 10, we get
10y = 4.77…. ….(iii)
On multiplying both sides, of equation (iii) by 10, we get
100y = 4.777…. ….(iv)
On subtracting equation (iii) from equation (iv), we get
(100y – 10y) = (47.777….) – (4.777….)
⇒ 90y = 43

15)

We have x = 22/3 – 21/3 – 2

⇒ x + 2 = 22/3 – 21/3 ….(i)
Cubing both sides, we get
(x + 2)3 = (22/3 – 21/3)3
⇒ x3 + 8 + 3 × x × 2(x + 2) = (22/3)3 – (21/3)3 – 3 × 22/3 × 21/3(22/3 – 21/3)
⇒ x3 + 8 + 6x(x + 2) = 22/3 × 3 – 21/3 × 3 – 3 × 22/3 + 1/3 (x + 2) from (i)
⇒ x3 + 8 + 6x2 + 12x = 22 – 21 – 3 × 2(x + 2)
⇒ x3 + 8 + 6x2 + 12x = 4 – 2 – 6x – 12
⇒ x3 + 6x2 + 12x + 8 = –6x – 10
⇒ x3 + 6x2 + 18x + 18 = 0

16)

(i)

(ii) a = 2.365 b = 3.125

Irrational number between a and b is
= 2.5050050005……. (Infinite number of irrational numbers are possible)

(iii)
⇒x=
 OR

17)

When f(x) is divided by x – 1 and x + 1 the remainder are 5 and 19 respectively.

∴ f(1) = 5 and f(– 1) = 19
⇒ (1)4 – 2 × (1)3 + 3 × (1)2 – a × 1 + b = 5
and (–1)4 – 2 × (–1)3 + 3 × (–1)2 – a × (–1) + b = 19
⇒ 1–2+3–a+b=5
and 1 + 2 + 3 + a + b = 19
⇒ 2 – a + b = 5 and 6 + a + b = 19
⇒ – a + b = 3 and a + b = 13
Adding these two equations, we get
(– a + b) + (a + b) = 3 + 13
⇒ 2b = 16 ⇒ b = 8
Putting b = 8 in – a + b = 3, we get – a + 8 = 3 ⇒ –a = –5 ⇒ a = 5
Putting the values of a and b in
f(x) = x4 – 2x3 + 3x2 – 5x + 8
The remainder when f(x) is divided by (x – 2) is equal to f(2).
So, Remainder = f(2) = (2)4 – 2 × (2)3 + 3 × (2)2
– 5 × 2 + 8 = 16 – 16 + 12 – 10 + 8 = 10

ENGLISH

18) (1) Economic inflation

19) (2) Frequent leadership changes

20) weaknesses, external

21) FALSE

22) (i) renowned (ii) significant

23) Corruption within the government drained resources that could have been used to
maintain the empire's infrastructure or defend its borders.

24) As an emperor of a big empire, I learn that no empire is immune to decline. However, the
story of Rome underscores the importance of strong leadership, political stability, and the
ability to adapt to changing circumstances.
 25) Answer may vary.

26) Answer may vary.

27)

Error Correction

(a) will would

28)

Error Correction
(b) avoid avoided

29)

Error Correction

(c) reached reaching

30) (1) will have been building

31) (2) is, have, sustain

32) (3) had had

33) (4) It begins the poem with the introduction of a road diverged into two paths from which
the traveller decides the one to walk on.

34) The poet is sorry because he could not travel on both the roads at the same time. He was
an alone traveller and stayed for long to inspect which path leads to what possibilities.

35) (3) Anaphora and Rhyme Scheme-ABAAB

36) Margie's mother called for the County Inspector because Margie was struggling with her
mechanical teacher, which was giving her repeated geography tests and her performance was
getting worse. The County Inspector was a round little man with a red face who came with a
box filled with tools, dials and wires. He fixed the mechanical teacher and adjusted it for the
level of ten years old child, i.e. Margie.

37) Margie always hated school. The part she hated the most in the mechanical teacher was
the slot where she had to put homework and test papers. She always had to write them out in
punch code which she had learnt when she was six years old. It was calculated by the
mechanical teacher in no time.
38) The lost child went towards the temple where many people were gathering. He thought he
would find his parents there. He ran towards the entrance of the temple. The crowd was
becoming thicker. People jostled each other. He struggled to push his way but was knocked
down. He might have trampled if he had not shouted at his highest pitch.

39) The poet left the first road thinking that he would use it on some other day. However, he
was not able to travel back on that road. He could never come back as the road he took led to
other roads. He went so far from the first road that he doubted if he would ever come back to
walk on it. It shows that once a decision is made, we have to be stuck on it. So we should
decide wisely.

40)

(i) The phrase 'it was grassy and wanted wear', in the poem 'The Road Not Taken' by Robert
Frost, means that the road the speaker took was not frequently used or travelled by people. -
The road was rough and grassy which means that the path he selected was covered in grass
and had never been walked before. The poet wanted to experience hardships in life and the joy
of reaching the goal after overcoming those hardships.
(ii) how way leads on to way: It reflects the idea that one decision or action often leads to
further choices and consequences. It highlights the different aspects of the decision which we
once take. One thing leads to multiple ways.

41) The child was attracted by many things on his way to the fair. Being drawn towards them,
he often lagged behind but he would try to catch up with his parents whenever they would call
out to him. However, things took a sad turn when he got so engrossed by the sweetmeat-seller,
balloon-seller, garlands, and the snake charmer's flute that he kept moving without waiting for
his parent's reply. Finally, he could not resist the roundabout and turned back for his parents'
response to his plea for a ride. At this point, he realised that he had lost his way since his
parents were nowhere to be found. A deep cry of anxiety and insecurity choked his throat.
Tears rolled down from his eyes. His flushed face convulsed with fear. Panic-stricken, he ran in
all directions. Not knowing where to go and what to do, he cried for his mother and father.

42) The stranger who noticed the lost child was a kind-hearted man. He had the heart that
could feel the agony of a lost child. He lifted him up in his arms. He tried to distract his
attention by offering a ride on the roundabout and making him hear the music of the flute. He
offered him to buy sweets and balloons to soothe him. He failed in his attempt because the lost
child had nothing in his mind except his parents. The child did not pay any attention to the
things offered by the man. He simply neglected everything, even the ride on the roundabout
and his favourite sweet dish, burfi. He only kept screaming, "I want my mother, I want my
father." It shows that parents are important for the students. Thus, it can be concluded that
the child was more attached to his parents than to anything.

43)

The good old students reflected the charm and romance of their times. Every school had its
own buildings. Students from different parts of the town went there for studies. All the
students in a class were taught the same things. They received the same kinds of homework.
Hence, students could help one another. The teachers were real human beings. The books
 were printed on paper.
There was an air of pleasure about the old schools. Margie’s interest was around about them.
She got the relevant information about them from Tommy. In comparison to her mechanical
teacher and her ‘school’, the old schools charmed Margie. She was fascinated by the way
children went to their schools. They studied together. They were taught the same things. It
was easier for them to help one another. Margie was rather envious of the fun the children had
in old schools.

SOCIAL SCIENCE

44) National Assembly

45)

The Reign of Terror

46) Those elected by the people

47) 1958-1961

48) Arguments in support of democracy (Any two)

• A democratic government is a better government because it is a more accountable form of
government.
• Democracy improves the quality of decision-making.
• Democracy provides a method to deal with differences and conflicts.
• Democracy enhances the dignity of citizens.
• Democracy allows us to correct its own mistakes.
• Democracy is considered the best form of government.

49) Only men above 25 years of age who paid taxes equal to at least 3 days of a labourer’s
wage were given the status of active citizens, that is, they were entitled to vote. The
remaining men and all women were classed as passive citizens and have no voting rights.

50)

(i) The Spirit of Laws - Montesquieu

(ii) The Social Contract - Jean Jacques Rousseau

51) The revolutionary government did introduce laws that helped improve the lives of women.
Creation of state schools, schooling was made compulsory for all girls, no forced marriage
against their will. Marriage was made into a contract entered into freely and registered under
civil law. Divorce was made legal, and could be applied for by both women and men. Women
could now train for jobs, could become artists or run small businesses.
52)

(Any three points)

53) 10.1 In China, the government is always formed by the Communist Party.
10.2 In China, elections are regularly held after every five years for electing the country's
parliament, called Quanguo Renmin Daibiao Dahui (National People's Congress). The National
People's Congress has the power to appoint the President of the country.
10.3 China is a counter where elections are held regularly after every five years, still it can
not be called a democratic country in the true sense.
The reasons is:
The country's parliament is called the National People's Congress which appoints the
President of the country. The Parliament has nearly 3000 members elected from all over China
.Again for contesting election to the Parliament, the candidates need the approval of the
Chinese Communist Party. The government is always formed by the Communist Party. This
one party rule is not the indication of a true democracy.

54) The Reign of Terror

The period from 1793 to 1794 is referred to as the Reign of Terror. Robespierre followed a
policy of severe control and punishment.
All those whom he saw as being ‘enemies’ of the republic were arrested, imprisoned and then
tried by a revolutionary tribunal. If the court found them ‘guilty’ they were guillotined. The
guillotine is a device consisting of two poles and a blade with which a person is beheaded. It
was named after Dr Guillotin who invented it.
Robespierre’s government issued laws placing a maximum ceiling on wages and prices. Meat
and bread were rationed. Peasants were forced to sell it at prices fixed by the government.
The use of more expensive white flour was forbidden; all citizens were required to eat the pain
d’égalité (equality bread), a loaf made of wholewheat. Equality was also sought to be practised
through forms of speech and address. Instead of the traditional Monsieur (Sir) and Madame
(Madam) all French men and women were henceforth Citoyen and Citoyenne (Citizen).
Churches were shut down and their buildings converted into barracks or offices. Robespierre
was convicted by a Court in July 1794, arrested and on the next day sent to the Guillotine.