Date:

Name:

ffim ru m n r H ffi ruF-L EEhfi r"Fr:u flH,*

25.1 General conditionais

" Basic folm

if-clause rnain clause

present simple present simple

If we heat water to 100oC, rt clzanges into steam.

Use

We use this structure to talk about general truths

If we eat tinclean food, we become ill.

If we don't feel well, we see a doctor.

25-2 Open present or future conditionals

. Basic form

if-clause main clause

plesent simple vviil + infinitive without ro

If you want to read the book, Iwill lend rt to yon.

o Use

We use this structure when there is a possibility that the situation in the if-clause
is true at the present moment, or that it will happen in the future.
If it rains tomorrow morning, we'Il cancel our picnic.
If you are hungly now,I'll matrce you some hot cakes.

illstes: Variations of the basic form

a) We can use can/mfly tn the main clause insteacl of will for
permission:

Yoa canlntay borcow my camera if you wanf to

take some photographs.

or may I migltt I c o uld for pos sibility :

If the No.3 signal is hoisted tomorrow morning,

the ferry services maylndglttlcoald lte suspended.

202
 ffmrumn rgffifrumr ffu hfiTKruryKg
ln this unit, stuclents will be introduced to conditional -[o
sentences. start-,:you m'ay tell students tlre
four l<inds of conditional sentences in brief to prepare
them for what vvill be taught in the r-rnit.
25.1 General conditionals
' c Basic for.m

, if-clause clause
present sirnple present simple

If we Ireat water to 100.C, rt chunges into steam.

a Use

We use this structure to talk about general truths

If we eat unclean food, we become ill.

If we don't feel well, we see a doctor.

25.2 Openpresent or future coirclitionals

. Basic form

'

;
'.:1.;

if-clause ''
main clause
present simple vvill -r infinitive ivithoril ro

If you rvant to read flre book, I u,ill lencl itto you

o Use
i rti

We use this structure when there is a possibility that

the situation in the if-clause
is true at the present moment, or that ii will happen
i'the f'tule.
If it rains tomofiow morning, we'll cancelour picnic.
If you are hungry now,I'll make you some hot cakes.

Notes: Variations oI the basic fonn

a) We cdn use can/mp in the rnain clause insteacl of will tor
permission:

You canrnmy borrow iny camera if yo' wa't to

[Link] somd photographs.

or ntay lndgltt/ c ould for possibility:

l
If the No.3 signat is hoisted [Link] rnornilrg,
the ferry services may/mightlcoulcl be susltentletll.

202
 Date:
Name:

or cunlcould for abilitY:

If you try hard, you canlcowld learn to use the

computer in a short while.

b) We can use the imperative in the main clause'

If you are tired, go to bed now.

c) We can use the Pr esent perfect or present continuous in the

if-
clause.

trfit has stopped raining, we c&n go out now'

If yon are having dinner now,I'll call agarnlater'

i1) we can also use any expfessions of advice, suggestion, ol request

in the main clause.

you'cl better see a doctor'

yotr should staY in bed.
If you don't feel well; yott ought not to be working now.
why don't you. take a daY off?
wottlcl yott like me to callthe doctor?

25.3 irlnreal present or future conditionals

o Basic form

if-clause main clause

past simple woutlcl + infinitive without /o

I'm busy now. If I had time, I would certainiy kelp yott'

o Use
truo, of about
We use this structure to talk about something which is not
something we don't think is likely to happen in the fttture'

I don't have a car. If I had one, I would take you for a ride
rorind the town.
I don't think it'llrain tomofrow. If it did, we could stuy at home
and tlo some reading instead.

hlotes; a) The use of were

We use were instead of was after if' especially in a

formal stYle.
If he were/was here now, he would be vety glad to
sse you.

203
 tfirurrffi&eJ

or can}coulcl f,ot abiiity:

If you try hard, yuu [Link] learn to use the

computer in a short while.

b) We can use the imperative in the main clause.

If you are tired, ga to becl now.

c) We can use the present perfect or present continuous in the jf-

clause.

If it has stopped raining, we catx go out now.

If you are having dinnet now,I'II call agunlater.

d) We can also use any expressions of advice, sr-rggeslion, or request

in the rnain clause.

you'd better see a doctor.

yott sltould stay in bed.
If you clon't feel well; yott ought not to be worlcing now,
tvlry y'0ru't you take a day off?
would yotr lilce nrc to call the cloctot?

25.3 Umeal present or future conditionals

' Basic lotm

if-clause rnain clause

past simple yvoulcl + infinitive without /o

I'm busy now, If I had time, I would certainly lzelp yott

o Use

We use this stluctuLe to talk about sometiring which is not true,'oL abottt
something we don't think is likely to happen in the future'

I clon't have a car'. If I hacl one, I would tulrc you for a [Link]
i ound the town.
I don't think it'll rain totnofrow. If it did, we coulcl stay at honre
and do some reading instead.

Notos: a) The use of were

'We if, especially .in a
use were instead of was after
formal style.
If he were/was here nsw, he woulel be very glad to
see you.

203
 Date:
Name:

We often use If tr were you, I'd ... to suggest something.

If I were you, I'd talce the job.

b) We can use the past continuous tense in the if-clause.

My uncle and aunt are taking mei to Ocean Park

tomorrow. If I were not/weren't going with them,
Iwould be glad to go with you.

c) We can use ndghtlcould in the main clause to talk about a possible

result or ability.
If you ashecl him, he ntight h'elp you.
If you told me yor-ir problem,I could perhaps give
you some advice.

d) We can use would + be + verb-ing for what is probably going on at

the moment.

' If lrewereherenow, we'dbeplayittgTY games.

25.4 Umeal past conditionals

. Basic form

if-clause main clause

past perfect yvould + have + past participle

My brother was out of town yesterday. If he had been in town,

'
he would have gone to your party with me.

a Use

We use this structure to talk about something which in fact dicl not happen in the
past.

The weather suddenly turned bad yesterday. If we had gone out,

we would hqle been caught in the heavy rain.

Notes: Variations of the basic form

a) We can use the past perfect confinuous in the if-clause.

The driver was driving too fast. If he had been

driving slowly, he wouldhave been able to stop in
time to avoid the accident.

b) We can use mightlcowld + haue + past participle in the main

clause.

If you lrad corne ear-lier, you rnight have seert' htm.

204
 We often use ff I were you, I'd . .. to sr-rggest something

If I were you, I'd talce tlre 1ob.

b) We can use the past continuOus tense in the if-ciause.

My uncle and aunt are taking me to iOcean Park

tomorrow, If I wer:e not/weren't going with them,
Iwould be glad to go with yor-r.

c) We can use ndghtlcould in the main clauso to talk abou.t a possible

result or ability.

If you askecl him, he ndght [Link] you.

If yori told me yor-rr problern,I could perfuaps glva
yori some advice.

d) We can tse x,[Link] + be + verb-ing for what is probably going on at

lhe momenl.

.If he were lrere now, we'd be playing TY games

25.4 Umeal past conditionais

' n Basic form
I

.if-clause ,,main clause

",ii.;1. l.. ..

past perfeet yvould + haye + past parficiple

My brother was out of town yesterday. If ire hacl b:een jn town,

hewould Imve gone to your party with rne.

a Use

We use this structure to talh about something which in iact clicl not happen in rhe
past

The weather suddenly turned bad yesterday. If we lracl gone out,

we would ltave been caught in the heavy rain.

Notesl Variations of the basic form

a) We can use the past perfect continuous in tlhe if-clause.

The driver was driving too fast. If trpe hacl been

drivirrg slowly, he would, hale been. able to stop in
timo to avoid the accident.

b) We can use mightlcotrld + have + pasf participle in the rnxin

clause.

If you lracl come eatlier, you ntighi h'd,ve seen htm.

204
 Date:
Name:

25.5 Other conditional expressions:

unless (= if not) Unless we hury, we 11 mls our plane ( rf we don t htLrry.

You must work hard' Otlrcmvise, you'll fail the examination.
otherwise

You can borrow my camera proviclecl tlxatyor handle

it
provided that
carefully

She won't tellus, even iflthot'rgiz she knows the answer'

even iflthough

if so, if not Do you want to read this novel? ffso (= ij'you do),You
can have tt' If not (= if yor't don't)'r'rr lend it to
Melinda.

and/or (else) Take this medicine atzdyott'llbe all right tomorrow

Hurry up or/or elseYov'IIbe late

Efi[RClSe 25

Section A
one has beeru done Jbr
A Complete these sentences with worcls front the box. The first
you.

we don't clean them ProPerlY they are trained

you tal<e goo{ care of them we have flu
they die we use more calories
t go to bed early we work in the sun'

1 If I have a cold,

2 Things last longer if

3 Our teeth go bad quicklY if

4 If plants donlt get enough water,

5 We easily get tired if

6 If we do heavY worlc,
1 Some animals can Perform tricks if

8 We wear a mask if

205
 tirYtl,stttl F-;ffsdl
i

25.5 Other conditional expressions

Lrnless'(= if not) Un,Iess we huny, we'llmiss our plane. (= If we [Link].'t;hr,Lrryt.)

otherwise You must worlc hard. Othenvise, )/ou'11 fait the exatnination.

provided tha,t You can borrow my calnera protticled thatyott handle it

carefully.

even ffithough She won't tell us, even iflthough she knows the answer

if s'o, if not Do you want to read this novel? I;f so (= i;f you clo), you.
can have rt. If not (= if you don't),I'li lend it to Melincia.

o11416yt(else) tiris medicine curdyoa'Il be all right tomorrow

Tal<e
Hnry tp or/or else you'Ilbe lato.

ir

EfiERC|$r 25
ln this exercise, students are given intensive practice on the general conditionals. For
SeCtiOn A weal<er studen'ts, you may use this exercise to remind tlrem that t"lris kind of

A Complete these sentences witlt worcls front the box. TIte first one has been clone Jrtr
you.

we don't clean them properly they are frained

you tal<e good care of them we l-rave flr.r
they die we use more calories
I ;go to bed early we worl< in the [Link]-r'

1 If I have zi colcl I go to becl early

)

2 Things last longer if you [Link] good care of them

3 Our teeth go bad quickly if we doh't clean them 1

4 If plants donlt get enough water, die

5 We easily get tired if we work in the sun

6 If we do heavy work, we use more calories

I Some animals can perform tricks if they are trained

B We wear amask if we have flu

205
 Date:
Name:

B Conrylete these [Link] witlt the given words. The italicised words may give you
some useful hirt'ts. The [Link] one has been done for you'
This is a more difficult exercise than the previous gne. Students have to decide
1 you/lik e1hlm whether to use the general conditionals or present/ft-{l:ure conditionals'

Sam: How did You like the film?

'
,m sure Jiou'll like t-he tili.n if you see rt.
Neil: It was wonderful. f

2 we/leave/now

Nancy: Do you think we'll aLrive in time for the concert?

David: If ,wervol'L't belate'

J sheifind out

Ann: Shall I invite Sarah, too?

Lily: You'd better do so. She'll be angty tf

we're Planning to go without her.

4 you/finishihomewot'k

Tony: May T watclt television?

Paul: Yon can do whatever you like if * '
-
5 you/r'ead

Ruth: Do You want this magazine?

Janet: Yes, but I catt wait if .- it now'
-
6 anyonelcall
Janet: Are you going out? .

Alan: Yes. If
please teII theml'll be back at five o'clock'

7 youlftid
Peggy: I'd like some information about tours to Thailand. Where can I find it?

Bruce: Tlrat's easy. Go to a travel agent and

all the infor'mation you need.

B weatherlftne I

Mike: Are you going anywhere tomonow?

Lilian: Yes, we',re goingto Lantau Isiand if . - ------
tomofrow.

206
 B Conqtlete these dialoguLes with the given *oidr. me rtatili,secl worils muy give you
sotne useful [Link]. The first one has been done for you.. :

This is a more [Link] than the previous Orire. Students have to decide
I you/like/fi1p whether to use the general conditionals or [Link]/i'uilure conditionals.
Sam: FIow clid you like the film?
Neil: It was wonderful. I'm sure u'illihe the fi1m
if yotr see tt.
2 we/leave/now

Nalcy: Do you think we'Jl arrive in time for the concert? ,

Davicl: If vvg leave now , we tvott't be late.

3 she/find out

Ann: ShallI invite Sarah, too?

Lily: Ybu'd better do so. She'// be angry tf she fincls orlt

we're planning to go without hgr.

4 you/Iinishihomewolk

Tony: May I watch television?

Paul: Yot can rLo whrtever you like if yor-r have finished your homework

5 you/read.

Ruth: Do you want this magazine?

Janet: Yes, bui I canwait if you're reading
it now

6 anyonelcall

Janet: Are you going out? . i

Alan: yes, If anyone calls

_ wliile I'm out,
please teII them I'1I be back at five o'clock.

1 you/firid I

Peggy: I'd lilce some information

I

about tour s to Tirailand. jWhels can I find it?

Bruce: That's easy. Go to a travel agent and you'11find

' the information you need. .l
^11

B weather/fine
Milce: Are you going anywhere tomonow?
I

Lilian: Yes, we'r? gafug to tantau Islancl if the weather'd fine

tomoLrow.
[Link]<er students, remind them that we may use present tense to tarlk abolrt f uture events in tlre
iFclause as in 'if the weatlrer's fine tomorrow'.

206
 Date:
Name:

The half-sentences in Cohm'tn A can be pairecl vvith those ,in

Column B' Write the letters
C,
the spoces proviclecl'
of the halJ-sentences in cohtmn B that match those in columrt A in
(Jse each letter ONCE only. The first one has been done for you'

Column A Column B

i Ifyou have a fever ufr A if you don't mind.

2 Tell him to wait B if your fever has gone down

3 You may go with me C if you're going shoPPing?

4 Don't take this rnedicine D if there is a fire.

5 If you need anYthing, E yoLr should staY in bed.

6 I'11 leave mY brother here F ifhe arrives before I get

back.
7 If she is talcing a,bath,
G if you like.
8 You mustn't use the lift
H if yor-r are free.

9 Would you like me to

join yon I I'11 call again later.

10 Please come agarn tomorrow J iust let me know.

This exercise requires students to understand the situation and figure out
which l<ind of conditionals
to use,
The
D Reacl the inforntation. Then choose the correct worcls to complete the di'nlogues'
done for yor't
italicisecl iorcts may offer hints for the answers. The first one has been
c6 an example. For weal<er students, you might remind them that the italicised words may
offer hints for the answers.
1 Mr Chan is not rich.
Mr Wong: Can you lend me some money to buy acar?
Mr Chan: 111 had the money,Iwould buLy a have
one mYself. b had

2 The pair of shoes that Susan likes costs $999'

Doris:' What do yott think of these shoes?

Srisan: They're beautiftrl. Itvould bt'ry them if they

cheaper a afe
b were

3 Denni.s has lost Ann's address'

Roy: We haven't hearcl from Ann since she left' I

miss her a lot.

Dennis: Me, too. I to her if I a am going to write

haclher address. b would write

207
 il il rri ti :ii
ffiffi
C Tlte halfrselxterlces in Colunm A can be pairecl. with those in Column B. [Link] the letters
of the'half-sentences in Colutnn B that ruatcl'r those in Colunut A in the spctces
[Link]..
Use eachrletter )NCE only. The [Link] one l,Las been crone
for you.

Column A Colunrn IJ

1 Ifyqu have a fever E A if you don't mind.

2 Te11lrim to wait F
B if yoLrl fever has gone clown.

3 Yrrr,r may go with me G C if you're going shopping?

4 Doralt take this rnecjicine B D if there'is a fire. :II
i

5 If you need anything, J

E you shouJc[ stay in bect.

6 I'11 leave m5, brother ltere A F ifhe'anjves before I get

back.
1 If sire is taking a bath, I
G if you like
B Ytou mustn't use the lift D
H if you aLe free.
9 Would you 1ilce me to C
jointyor-r I I'il cali agailr later
10 Please coirre again tomorrow

This exercise requires students to understand the situa,tion and figure oul which l<ind of
corrditionals
to use.
D Reacl the inforntatton. Then choose the correct worcls to complete the cliaLogues. The
italicised:words ntay offur hints for the answers. The Jirs't o,ri [Link], been cloie1br yotL
as crn exarnplq' For wealter students, you might remind
them tlrat [lre italicisecj words nray
of ler hints for the answers.
1 Mr Chan is not rich.
Mr Wong: Can you lend me some money to ltuy a car?

Mr Chan: If I hacl tlre inoney, I would buy .a have

one myself b hacl

2 The pair of shoes that Susan iikes costs $999.

Doris: Wirat do you think of these shoes?

Susan: They'rebeautiful. Ivvouldbuythemifthey
weI'e cheaper a ate
b wero
3 Dennis has lost Ann's address.

Roy: We haveu't healci fi'orn Ann since she Ieft. I

miss her a lot.

Dennis: Me, too. I would write to her if I a ailr golltg to wrtte

hadher address. b woullcl write

207
Name: Date:

4 You know that Brian is seeing Ruth tomolrow'

Your friend:I'il ask Brian. I hope he will

join us
tomorrow.

You: Forget [Link] be surprised if he

to come. a would agree

b agreed
Your friend:Wliy?

You: He has a date with Ruth'

5 The job Mr Tsui offered your friend pays weil'

job?
Your friend: Do you think I should take the

You: WhY not? If I the-iob,I a had offered

would talce rt fol sure. b were offered

6 Betty and Paula are joining a tour'

Betty: What's your brother doing today?

Paula: l{e's at home reading a book'

Betty: If Iwere he, I at home a won't stay

on such a fine daY'

b wouldn't stay

job posted in
l You can't meet the requirements for the
todaY's newspaper
you
Your friencl:If you're interested in the job, why don't
aPPIY for it?

You: I'm not qualified' Even if Iwere to apply for

it, I rt. a won't get

b wouldn't get

8 Peggy and her friend are in Hong Kong' They are staying
at a hotel.

.Yourfriend:Whyisn'tPeggystayingatheraunt'shouse?

You: She's with a friend'

"
tJr_*J';i"
a was staYtng
b would be staYing

208
4 You know that Brian is seeing Ruth tomorow.

Your friend:I'11 aslc Brian. I hope he will join us

tomonow.

You: Forget [Link] be surprised if he

agreed to come. a woulcl agree

Your friencl:Why?
b agreed

You: He has a date with Ruth.

5 Tlie job Mr Tsui offered your friend pays we1l.

Yor-rr friend: Do you think I should take the iob?

You: Why not? If I were offeled tire job, I a. had offered
would talce rl for sure. b were offered

6 Betty and Paula are joining a tour.

Betty: What's [Link] cloing today?

Paula: I-Ie's at home reading a book.

J3el[y: If Iwerehe,I wonldn't stay at home a. won't stay

on such a fine day b r,vo-u1dn't stay

1 You can't meet the requirements for the job posted in

today's newspaper

Your friend: If you're interested iir the job, why don't you
apply for it?

You: I'm not qLralified. Even if lwere to appbt fsy

it, I wouldn't get it. a won't get

b wouldn't get
B Peggy and her friend are in Hong I(ong. They are staying
aL a hotel. i

Yor-rr friend:Why isn't Feggy staying at her aunt's house?

You: She's with a friend. If she weren't, she

would be staying with her a

aurLt. was staying"
b would be staying

208
 Date:
Name:

sentence. Then complete the seconcl with the words in brcLclcets'

The
E Reacl the first done for yoLr'
italicisedworcls may offer hints for the answer. The Jtrst one has been

1 I don't know anything about their plan. tt t did (do)' why vvouldn't I
tell you?

public holiday, we (be) lying here

2 How relaxing! If Ltvveren't a
on the beach.

3 Ann is selfish. If she (be) more considerate , she vvor,Lld have had
more friends.

4 Kate is having a test. If she (not have) a test, she'd be udtng a

bicycie with us here in Tai Po this morning'

My brother is on a business trip. If heweren'torit of town, I

(ask)
5
him to help you check what the trouble is with your computer.

6 The. typhoon signal No.3 is up. If lwere you, I (not think) of

going swimming todaY.

If did,I (call) her and

7 I don't have Sally's mobile phone nrimber' tr"

ask her to come now

(not be) here,l'd be unhaPPY

B I'm glad to see You. If You
(not) finish the work on
9 Let's start work now. If we don't, we
time.

10 Milce is on the waY. trf it (not rain), he might akeady be here now

This will help them to develop new

Through this exercise, students can practise using conditionals'
*uyt io express themselves in their compositions'
F Reacl the situation. Th,en vvrite a sentence using if' The first one has been done for
yoLt.

1 I didn't have time' I didn't go shopping yesterday

2 She broke the vase' She did not handle it with care'

his car'
3 .The driver in front stopped suddenly. The car behind crashed into

209
 tlltlrilv ffiMJ
E Reacl th'e first sentence. Then complete th? seconcl wi'th tlte utor-cls in braclcets. The
italicised words may offtr hints for tlrc ansyver: T'he Jirst one has been clone
/br ),oLr..

1 I don't l,inow anything about their plan. If I dicl (do), wlry wor,tl,dn' t.I
tell y,oa?

2 FIow relaxingl If rtvveren't a public holiclay, *" woLrldu't be ee) lying here
on the beach.

3 Ann is s:elfish. If she had been (be) more considerate, she wor,Llcl have had,
more fiiencls.

4. I(ate is having a test. If she were not having (not lrave) a test, she'd be richng a
bicycle with us ireie in Thi Po this moining.

5 My brother is on a business trip. If he weren't out of town, I rryoulc[/coulcl as[<

(astc)
hirn to help you checlc what the trouble is with your computer.

6 The. typhoon signai No,3 is up If I were you, I wouldn't thint< (not think) of
going swirnlling today.,

1 I don't have Sally's mobile phone number. If I did,I 'dlwould call (ca[l) [rer ancl
ask her to come now.

B I'm glad to see you. If you were not/weren't (not be) here,'I' d b e unhappy

9 Let's'start worh now. If we [Link]'t, *" will not/won't (not) finish tire wor [< on
tin-re.

10 Mike is on the way. If it were not raining (not rain), he ntigh.t ak'eacly be here now

l'hrough this exercise, students can practise usipg conditionals. -l-his will lrelp them to develop new
[Link] express themselves in their compositions.
F Read tl:te [Link]. Then write a sentetxce using if. The Jirst one has been t{.one Jbr
you.

1 I didn't have tirne. I dicln't go shopping yesterday

If I iradihad time, I would irave gone sh yesterday

2 She broke the vase. She did not handle it with care

If she had hanclled the vase with care, she would not have brolcen it

3 .Tlie chiiver in fiont stopped suddenly. The car behind crasheclinto his car. i

If ths cli'ivel in frout hacl not stoppecl suclclenly, the car beliinct wonlcln't have cr ashecl
into his, car.

209
Name: Date:

4 He was not injured. He was wearing a seat-belt'

5 The accident happened. The traffic was blocked'

with her'
6 Mrs Wong didn't buy the coat because she didn't have enough money

quickly
7 The fire did not spread to the other floors because the firemen put it out

B She was busy yesterday. She didn't go hiking with us

Rewrite these sentences using the words in brackets. The first one has been
done fo'
G
you as an examPle

1 If you don't study more, you won't pass the examination. (unless)

You won't pass the examination

(and)
2 If you take this medicine, you'll be all right in the morning.
Take this medicine

3 I'm going to the party only if you go too. (provided that)

I'11 go to the PartY

4 you can borrow my book if you promise to return it by the weekend. (provided that)

You can borrow mY book

5 She must apologise to me or I won't forgive her' (unless)

n won't forgive her

6 If you don't take a map with you, youlre sure to lose your way. (otherwise)

210
ri
'l
rl
i1
.l 4 He was not injured. He was wearing a seat-belt
:

If he hadn't been wealing a seat-belt, he might have been injured

5 The accident happened. The traffic was blocked.

If the accident had not happened, the traffic would not/wouldn't have been blocked

6 Mrs Wong didn't buy the coat because she didn't have enough money with her

If Mrs Wong had had enough money with her, she might have bought the coat

1 The fire did not spread to the other floors because the firemen put it out quickly.

If the firemen had not put out the fire quicldy, it might have spread to the othel floors

B She was busy yesterday. She didn't go hiking with us.

If slie hadn't been busy, she would have gone hiking with us yesterday

C Rewrite these sentences using the words in braclcets. The first one has been done fo'
you as an example.

1 If you don't study more, you won't pass the examination. (unless)

You won't pass the examination unless you study more

2 If you take this medicine, you'll be all right in the morning. (and)
Take this medicine and y ou'll be ail right in the moming

3 I'rn going to the party only if you go too. (provided that)

you go, too

I'11go to the party provl ded that

4 You can borrow my book if you promise to return it by the weekend. (provided that)

provided that y ou promls e to return it by the weelcend

You can borrow mY book

5 She must apologise to me or I won't forgive her'. (unless)

I won't forgive her unless she apologises to me

6 If you cton't take a map with you, you?re sure to lose your way. (otlierwise)

Take a map With you Othelwise, you're sure to lose way

210
 Date:
Name:

Section B

Correct the numberecl lines. No line has more than one mistctlce. The Jirst three
have
A
been [Link] yon. Note the hints given by the following box.

* worcls needing to be changed - (a) underline the incorrect word

" (b) write the correct form of the worcl above it
f* missing word - (a) m?rk the position of th,e nrissing word with a 'n' sign
(b) [Link] the missing word above it
*** extr,a worcl put a cross 'X' on the word you wish to cross out

in
>F1
Only one foi tO secondary school students has abalanced
v/ith
lrrF 2 diet,rrthe nutritional value of what children eat

>t<'l *3 deteriorating significantly as they get tb older, according to a

survey published Yesterday'

*4 The results of the Survoy, for that over 7,000 stttdents wele

+l qlrestioned, brought a call of more efforts by palents and

rt tl.
6 [Link] healthy eating habits'

The survey of pupils ftom 24 schools on both side of the

harbour found that5l per cent of secondary students and

,t,
B 32 per cent of those at primary level did not ate breakfast

,t,X* 9 for fear that they rnight gain aweight. Only 11 pel cent of

*10 secondary stuclents ate food consideri!g to be nutritionally

balanced, while pdmary pupils fared better with a rate of

24 pu cent. About 83 per cent of primary school children

x. 11 eat enough vegetable, whereas only 58 per cent of secondary

lrrk 12 school children c1o. One thirctboth groups do not have

enough carbohydratss to pfovicle the body with sufficient

't.t.X. 13 heat and th? enetgy.

*rtr* 14 The survey also found o" I that about 90 p"r cent of primaly

211
 t:U,tir;ii WSSJ i

Section B In'this section, students need to apply what they have learnt so far in the exercises that
follow.
A Correct tlse numbered lines. No line has mote than one nti,stalce. The lirst three lmve
beery clo4qfor )tou, Note the hints given by the following box.

* wordsi needing to be clranged - (a) underline the incorrect worcl

(b) write ihe correct form of the word above it
+* [Link] (a) mTrl<thepositionoftrremissingworclwitfta,4,sign
. (b) write the missing word above it
'**'k extra: word puta cross'X'on the word you wislrto cross out

in
{'1 Only ono fu 10 secondary school students has a baiancecl

+,t 2
wirh :

diet,rlhe nrritritional l/alue of what children eat

,?'rlrrk
3 cleteriolatlng sigirificantly as they get tb older-, accorcling to a
t"' -
suruey piillished yesterday.
rrqterr1err
which
). +
,4
The results of lhe suruey) for that over 7,000 students weLe
for
4-)
questionod, brought a call ef more efforts by pdlents and

xr. 6 ,
schoo
,to
ls]l'omole healilry eatin g habits.
sides
*J The survey of pupils fron24. schools on both side"of 1he

harbour .flound that 5'/ per cent of secondary students and.

eaI
:l( Q
32 per cefirt of those at primary level did not ate breakfast

*'F* 9 for fear tlrat they rnight gain X weight. Only 11 per cent of
, consiclered
'r, 10 secondarSl studeuts ate food considering to be nutlitionally

balancedi, while primaiy pupils fared better with a rate of

24 per cent. About 83 per cent of primary school chilclren

.vegetables
,. 1 1 eat enoug! vegetable, whereas only 58 per cent of secondary

*'t' 72 school chiltJren do. One thhcf^loth groups do not have

enough oar-bohyfl1a1es to provide the body with sufficient

't'l'r' 13 heat and 1Xe energy.

t'*x 14 The survey aiso found oXt that about 90 per cent of [Link]

211
 Date:
Name:

'k'1 15 children eat enough fruit every day plovide vitamins A and

t, 16 C, conlpariqg with 32 per cent of secondary students. More

,trrlrrk
I7 than a third of primary pupils and mole than Ahalf of se"ondary

x'r 18 students-not chjnk milk every day. And only four per cent

,. 79 of those surveying get enough exercise 30 minutes a day.

-
The organiser of the survey said the results showed that the

*20 older the students were, the more likely w:rs they did not

have a healthy diet.

A nutritionist with the lunchbox plovider which organised the

survey said that children need a balance ofnutrients so that

>F*>r.
2t they can grow healthily. Without 4parental guidance,

,lr)r
22 she stressed, this would nor easy to achieve. "Unbalanced

,r23 diets can lead to children become overweight," she added.

*24 "If we hacl taken the rnatter rnoro serious, and had put the

message across to parents effectively, there

*4,25 wouldn't have gn increase in the number of obese children

,r
26 in Hong Kong in recent ygat."

Study Help

Nutrition is the process of giving or getting the right lcind of food for good health and
growth. Food that is good for health and growth is said to have nutritional value. ln
other words, we need food that contains balanced nutrients to stay healthy.

An expert in nutrition is called a nutritionist.

Tlre l<ind of food we eat every day is our diet. ln order'to stay healthy, it is irnportant
that we should have a balancecl diet. Otherwise we are likely to gain/put on weiglrt
and become overweight. lf someone is too fat and unlrealthy, the person is obese.

212
 'r'i' 15 chiidren eat enough fruit ever,y daffirovide vitamins A and
. comnarecl
'' 76 C, comparing wLth32per cent of secondary students. Mole
t"t"t IJ than a third of primary pupils and more than Xhalf of secondary
do
't"r' 18 students^not drink rnilk every day. And only four per cent
surveyed
* 19 of tirose surveVing get enough exercise 30 minutes a day.
- ;

The organiser of the survey said the results showed that the
that
'r 20 older the students were, the more likely was they did not

have a healthy diet.

A nutritionist with tlre lunchbox provider which organised the

survey said that children need a balance of nutlients so that

,<>l<>F
2l they can grow healthily. WithoutXparental guidance,
1-^
,t,7, )) stresseci, thjs woulcJ not'^Easy lo aclieve. "Uubalarrcecl
,she
lol

4'23 or*,, .un leac1 ro ar",lf; 33ffitou"rweighr," she acldecl.

"rrif
seriously
)'24. '"If we had talcen the matter more serious, and had put the

rnessage across to parents effectively, theLe

been
'r" 25 woulcln'l haveran increape in the nrimber of obese children
yeais
" 26 in Hong I(ong in fecent yqa{."

' Study I-lelp

Nutrition is tlre process of giving or getting the riglrt l<ind of food fori;goocl lrealth arrcl
growth. Food that is good for health and growtlr is said to have nullitional value. In
other words, we need food that contains balanced nutrients to stay lr$althy.

Arr experL in nutrition is called a nutritionist.

I

Tlre lcincl of food we eat every day is our diet. In ordeito stay heal'tlr;V,:it is important
that we should have a balanced diet. Otlrerwise we are lil<ely to gain/put orr weight
and become overweiglrt. lf someone is too fat ancl unhealthy, tlre p.r{gn is obese.

212
 Date:
Name

B For each blank in the conversation below think of ONE word vvhich best completes
the meanins. The first one has been done for vou.
Have students skim the fiassage before they attemfit th"e exercise. This will mal<e it easier for them to
decide the answers
Paul: Have you (1) this article? It (2) that (1) using reacl

a -
mobile phone is a danger (3) -
health. (2)

Derek: How come? - (3)

Paul: Radio [Link] from the handset'can damage DNA and

destroy the cell repair system, (4) make (4)

-can
tumours more deadly. I wouldn't have bought a

mobile phone yesterday if I had known this. It

(5) more than $1,000, and now it's going to (s)

-
damage my health.

Derelc: (6) it easy. Let me look (7) the article. (6)

- mirutes later)
(Afew - (t)
Well, no conclusions have been (8) --,so far that (B)

using mobile phones is a health threat. Scientists

around the world are still divided (9) their (e)

opinions. Look here. Some scientists (10) (10)

Australia even point out that animal studies- have

shown thatradtation from mobile phones does not

trigger the growth of tumours

Paul: So it's safe to use mobile phones after alI?

Derek: I clidn't (11) that. The World Health (1 1)

Organisation has called (12) moro research (12)

(13) the potential health- hazards of mobile (1 3)

- The results may be positive or negative.

phones. If I
(14) though, I would limit the use of my (r4)
-you,
mobile phone (15) a minimum. (1s)

Paul: You've got a point. -I'11 try not to use my mobile

phone as often as I did. I just hope my friends don't

cali me (16) often. (16)

(Jr,Lst
-
tlten Paul's mobile phone (17) ' . Par'Ll . (11)

(18) it ancl contiru,res to talk on and on.) (18)

213
 tlllft$uT'rupJ

B For eaclt blanlc itt the conversation below tltinlc of ONE tvord wltich bes,t cornpletes
the nrcanins. The first one has been clorue for you.
Have students sk[m the passage before they atlemft th'e exercise. This will make it easier for them to
decide the answers.
Paul I-Iave yoii (1) .--
this article? Tt (2)
rhar using (r ) reaci

a mobile phone is a danger (3) heaith. (2) says

Derek: Ilow corne? (3) to

Paul: Rac,lio [Link] from the hanclset:can clamage DNA ancl

destroy the cell repair systern, (4) can make (4) which

tunlours more d,[Link]. I wouldn't have bought a -

mqbile phone yesterciay if I hacl known this. It
(5) more than $1,000, and now it's going to (s) cost
r
-
clamage my heaith.
Derek: (6) _ it easy. Let me look (7) _ the article. (6) 'lhlce

@ f."r,t, ntinutes later) ,

(1) aL

We[l, no conclusions have been (B) _. so far that (B) reachecl

using mobile phones is a health threat. Scientists

arouncl the wor'ld are still cJivicted (9) i their (e) IN

opinions. Loolc here, Some scientists (10). _*- (10) 111

Ailslralia even point out that animal studies have

shown that r9dtaLion from mobile phones does not

trigger the growth of tumours.

Paul: So it's safe to use mobile phones after altr?
Derek: I didn't (11) _ that. The Worid Flealtir (1 1) say

Organisation has calle (12)-

itl, more researcli (r2) for

(13.) _ the potential health hazards of mobile (1 3) rnto

phones. The results may be positive or negative. If.I

(14) yori, though, I woulcl lirnit the use of my (14) were

-
mobile phone (15) _ a minimum. (15) to

Paul: You've got a point. I'11 try nol to use my mobile

phone as often as I did. I just hope my fiiends don't

ca'llme (16) oflen. (1 6) SO

(Just tlten Paul's ntobile phone (11) _. PauI "

(17) ilngs
(18) _ it ancl continues to tallc on and on.) (18) answels

213