NSW Education Standards Authority

2019 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION

Mathematics Standard 2
General • Reading time – 10 minutes
Instructions • Working time – 2 hours and 30 minutes
• Write using black pen
• Calculators approved by NESA may be used
• A reference sheet is provided at the back of this paper
• For questions in Section II, show relevant mathematical reasoning
and/or calculations

Total marks: Section I – 15 marks (pages 2–8)

100 • Attempt Questions 1–15
• Allow about 25 minutes for this section

Section II – 85 marks (pages 9–32)

• Attempt Questions 16–42
• Allow about 2 hours and 5 minutes for this section

2130
Section I

15 marks
Attempt Questions 1–15
Allow about 25 minutes for this section

Use the multiple-choice answer sheet for Questions 1–15.

1 Which of the following shapes has a perimeter of 12 cm?

A. B.

2 cm 4 cm
2 cm

4 cm
3 cm

C. D. 4 cm
1 cm
4 cm

5 cm

NOT TO SCALE

2 Sugar is sold in four different sized packets.

Which is the best buy?

A. 100 g for $0.40

B. 500 g for $1.65
C. 1 kg for $3.50
D. 2 kg for $6.90

–2–
3 Chris opens a bank account and deposits $1000 into it. Interest is paid at 3.5% per annum,
compounding annually.

Assuming no further deposits or withdrawals are made, what will be the balance in the
account at the end of two years?

A. $1070.00
B. $1071.23
C. $1822.50
D. $2070.00

4 Which compass bearing is the same as a true bearing of 110°?

A. S20°E
B. S20°W
C. S70°E
D. S70°W

5 The Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) of Auckland is +12 hours and the UTC of
Chicago is −5 hours.

When the time in Chicago is 2 pm, Thursday, what is the time in Auckland?

A. 9 pm, Wednesday
B. 7 am, Thursday
C. 9 pm, Thursday
D. 7 am, Friday

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6 Mary is 18 years old and has just purchased comprehensive motor vehicle insurance. The
following excesses apply to claims for at-fault motor vehicle accidents.

• Basic excess of $850 for each claim

• An additional age excess of $1600 for drivers under 25 years of age
• An additional age excess of $400 for drivers 25 years of age or over with no more
than 2 years driving experience

How much would Mary be required to pay as excess if she made a claim as the driver at
fault in a car accident?

A. $1600
B. $850 + $400
C. $850 + $1600
D. $850 + $1600 + $400

7 Julia earns $28 per hour. Her hourly pay rate increases by 2%.

How much will she earn for a 4-hour shift with this increase?

A. $2.24
B. $28.56
C. $112
D. $114.24

8 A person’s weight is measured as 79.3 kg.

What is the absolute error of this measurement?

A. 10 grams
B. 50 grams
C. 100 grams
D. 500 grams

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9 What is the interest earned, in dollars, if $800 is invested for x months at a simple interest
rate of 3% per annum?

A. 2x
B. 24x
C. 200x
D. 2400x

10 A school collected data related to the reasons given by students for arriving late. The
Pareto chart shows the data collected.

200 100%

180 90%

160 80%

Cumulative percentage
Number of late arrivals

140 70%

120 60%

100 50%

80 40%

60 30%

40 20%

20 10%

0 0%
Slept in Family Appointment Train or Traffic Car break
bus delay problems down

Reasons for arriving late

What percentage of students gave the reason ‘Train or bus delay’?

A. 6%
B. 15%
C. 30%
D. 92%

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11 Which of the following correctly expresses y as the subject of the formula 3x – 4y – 1 = 0?

3
A. y= x–1
4
3
B. y= x+1
4
3x – 1
C. y=
4
3x + 1
D. y=
4

12 An owl is 7 metres above ground level, in a tree. The owl sees a mouse on the ground at
an angle of depression of 32°.

How far must the owl fly in a straight line to catch the mouse, assuming the mouse does
not move?

A. 3.7 m
B. 5.9 m
C. 8.3 m
D. 13.2 m

–6–
13 The graphs show the future values over time of $P, invested at three different rates of
compound interest.

X
Future value ($)

Time (years)

Which of the following correctly identifies each graph?

A. 5% pa, compounding B. 5% pa, compounding

W W
annually annually
10% pa, compounding 10% pa, compounding
X X
annually quarterly
10% pa, compounding 10% pa, compounding
Y Y
quarterly annually

C. 10% pa, compounding D. 10% pa, compounding

W W
quarterly annually
10% pa, compounding 10% pa, compounding
X X
annually quarterly
5% pa, compounding 5% pa, compounding
Y Y
annually annually

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14 Last Saturday, Luke had 165 followers on social media. Rhys had 537 followers. On
average, Luke gains another 3 followers per day and Rhys loses 2 followers per day.

If x represents the number of days since last Saturday and y represents the number of
followers, which pair of equations model this situation?

A. Luke: y = 165x + 3
Rhys: y = 537x – 2

B. Luke: y = 165 + 3x
Rhys: y = 537 – 2x

C. Luke: y = 3x + 165
Rhys: y = 2x – 537

D. Luke: y = 3 + 165x
Rhys: y = 2 – 537x

15 The scores on an examination are normally distributed with a mean of 70 and a standard
deviation of 6. Michael received a score on the examination between the lower quartile
and the upper quartile of the scores.

Which shaded region most accurately represents where Michael’s score lies?

A. B.

58 64 70 76 82 58 64 70 76 82

C. D.

58 64 70 76 82 58 64 70 76 82

–8–
© 2019 NSW Education Standards Authority
 2019 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION

Centre Number

Mathematics Standard 2
Student Number
Section II Answer Booklet

85 marks
Attempt Questions 16–42
Allow about 2 hours and 5 minutes for this section
Do NOT write in this area.

Instructions • Write your Centre Number and Student Number at the top of this
page.

• Answer the questions in the spaces provided. These spaces

provide guidance for the expected length of response.

• Your responses should include relevant mathematical reasoning

and/or calculations.

Please turn over

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2131 15236
Question 16 (2 marks)

A bowl is in the shape of a hemisphere with a diameter of 16 cm. 2

16 cm

What is the volume of the bowl, correct to the nearest cubic centimetre?

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Question 17 (3 marks)

The diagram shows a triangle with sides of length x cm, 11 cm and 13 cm and an angle 3
of 80°.

11 cm NOT TO
x cm
SCALE

80°

13 cm

Use the cosine rule to calculate the value of x, correct to two significant figures.

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 Question 18 (4 marks)

Andrew, Brandon and Cosmo are the first three batters in the school cricket team. In
a recent match, Andrew scored 30 runs, Brandon scored 25 runs and Cosmo scored
40 runs.

(a) What is the ratio of Andrew’s to Brandon’s to Cosmo’s runs scored, in simplest 2
form?
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(b) In this match, the ratio of the total number of runs scored by Andrew, Brandon 2
and Cosmo to the total number of runs scored by the whole team is 19 : 36.

How many runs were scored by the whole team?

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Question 19 (3 marks)

The heights, in centimetres, of 10 players on a basketball team are shown. 3

170, 180, 185, 188, 192, 193, 193, 194, 196, 202

Is the height of the shortest player on the team considered an outlier? Justify your
answer with calculations.
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Question 20 (2 marks)

A roulette wheel has the numbers 0, 1, 2, . . . , 36 where each of the 37 numbers is 2

equally likely to be spun.
26 0 32 15
35 3 19
4
12

21
8
7 2

2 2
9 22 18 29

5 17
34 6 2
4 31

7 133
1
20

6
1 11
30 33
8 2
3 10 5 24 16

If the wheel is spun 18 500 times, calculate the expected frequency of spinning the

Do NOT write in this area.

number 8.
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Question 21 (2 marks)

A person owns 1526 shares with a market value of $8.75 per share. The total dividend 2
received for these shares is $1068.20.

Calculate the percentage dividend yield.

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 Question 22 (3 marks)

Two right-angled triangles, ABC and ADC, are shown. 3

4.9 cm NOT TO
SCALE
A q

2.5 cm

D C
6 cm

Calculate the size of angle q, correct to the nearest minute.

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Question 23 (3 marks)

A set of bivariate data is collected by measuring the height and arm span of seven
children. The graph shows a scatterplot of these measurements.

152

150

148
Height (cm)

146

144

Do NOT write in this area.

142

134 136 138 140 142 144 146 148

Arm span (cm)

(a) Calculate Pearson’s correlation coefficient for the data, correct to two decimal 1
places.

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(b) Identify the direction and the strength of the linear association between height 1
and arm span.

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(c) The equation of the least-squares regression line is shown. 1

Height = 0.866 × (arm span) + 23.7

A child has an arm span of 143 cm.

Calculate the predicted height for this child using the equation of the least-squares
regression line.

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 Question 24 (2 marks)

Amanda uses 80 kilocalories of energy per kilometre while she is running. 2

She eats a burger that contains 2180 kilojoules of energy. How many kilometres will
she need to run to use up all the energy from the burger? Give your answer correct to
one decimal place. (1 kilocalorie = 4.184 kilojoules)

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Question 25 (3 marks)
Do NOT write in this area.

A bowl of fruit contains 17 apples of which 9 are red and 8 are green. 3

Dennis takes one apple at random and eats it. Margaret also takes an apple at random
and eats it.

By drawing a probability tree diagram, or otherwise, find the probability that Dennis
and Margaret eat apples of the same colour.

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Question 26 (4 marks)

A project requires activities A to F to be completed. The activity chart shows the

immediate prerequisite(s) and duration for each activity.

Activity Immediate Duration

prerequisite(s) in hours
A — 2
B A 6
C A 5
D B 2
E C, D 4
F E 1

(a) By drawing a network diagram, determine the minimum time for the project to 3

Do NOT write in this area.

be completed.

Minimum time = ........................................

(b) Determine the float time of the non-critical activity. 1

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 Question 27 (3 marks)

Ashley has a credit card with the following conditions: 3

• There is no interest-free period.

• Interest is charged at the end of each month at 18.25% per annum, compounding
daily, from the purchase date (included) to the last day of the month (included).

Ashley’s credit card statement for April is shown, with some figures missing.

Statement period: 1 April to 30 April

Date Details Amount ($)

1 April Opening balance 0
20 April Furniture 3700

30 April Interest charged ***

Do NOT write in this area.

30 April Closing balance ***

Minimum payment:

The minimum payment is calculated as 2% of the closing balance on 30 April.

Calculate the minimum payment.

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Question 28 (4 marks)

The formula below is used to calculate an estimate for blood alcohol content (BAC) 4
for females.

10N – 7.5H
BACFemale =
5.5M

The number of hours required for a person to reach zero BAC after they stop consuming
alcohol is given by the following formula.

BAC
Time =
0.015

The number of standard drinks in a glass of wine and a glass of spirits is shown.

Do NOT write in this area.

Wine Spirits
1.2 standard drinks 1 standard drink

Hannah weighs 60 kg. She consumed 3 glasses of wine and 4 glasses of spirits
between 6:15 pm and 12:30 am the following day. She then stopped drinking alcohol.

Using the given formulae, calculate the time in the morning when Hannah’s BAC
should reach zero.

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 Question 29 (2 marks)

Part of a supermarket receipt is shown. 2

SUPERMARKET
RECEIPT

Date: 22/09/2019

Description $

* Chocolates 300 g A
Tomatoes 1 kg 5.00

Natural almonds 400 g B

Cheese slices 500 g 8.50
Milk 2 L 3.20
Do NOT write in this area.

Bananas 570 g 2.85

Total for 6 items 36.25

GST included in total 0.70

* GST of 10% is included in the price

of item.

Determine the missing values, A and B, to complete the receipt.

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Question 30 (3 marks)

The network diagram shows the tracks connecting 8 picnic sites in a nature park.
The vertices A to H represent the picnic sites. The weights on the edges represent the
distances along the tracks between the picnic sites, in kilometres.

C D
7
5 3
5
4 4
A 5
B 2 H
5
6
G 1 F E
7

(a) Each picnic site needs to provide drinking water. The main water source is at 2
site A.

Do NOT write in this area.

By drawing a minimum spanning tree in the space below, calculate the minimum
length of water pipes required to supply water to all the sites if the water pipes
can only be laid along the tracks.

Minimum length = .....................................

(b) One day, the track between C and H is closed. State the vertices that identify the 1
shortest path from C to E that avoids the closed track.

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Questions 16–30 are worth 43 marks in total

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 Question 31 (3 marks)

A rectangle has width w centimetres. The area of the rectangle, A, in square

centimetres, is A = 2w2 + 5w.

The graph of A = 2w2 + 5w is shown.

25

20

15

10
Do NOT write in this area.

−3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4 w

−5

−10

−15

(a) Explain why, in this context, the model A = 2w2 + 5w only makes sense for the 1
bold section of the graph.

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(b) The area of the rectangle is 18 cm2. Calculate the perimeter of the rectangle. 2
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Question 32 (3 marks)

The table shows the income tax rates for the 2018−2019 financial year. 3

Taxable income Tax payable on this income

$0 to $18 200 Nil
$18 201 to $37 000 19c for each $1 over $18 200
$37 001 to $90 000 $3 572 plus 32.5c for each $1 over $37 000
$90 001 to $180 000 $20 797 plus 37c for each $1 over $90 000
$180 001 and over $54 097 plus 45c for each $1 over $180 000

The Medicare levy is calculated as 2% of taxable income.

For the 2018−2019 financial year, Charlie pays a Medicare levy of $1934.80.

Do NOT write in this area.

Calculate the tax payable on Charlie’s taxable income.

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 Question 33 (4 marks)

The time taken for a car to travel between two towns at a constant speed varies
inversely with its speed.

It takes 1.5 hours for the car to travel between the two towns at a constant speed
of 80 km/h.

(a) Calculate the distance between the two towns. 1

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Do NOT write in this area.

(b) By first plotting four points, draw the curve that shows the time taken to travel 3
between the two towns at different constant speeds.

6
Time taken (hours)

0
0 20 40 60 80 100
Speed (km/h)

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Question 34 (3 marks)

The relationship between British pounds ( p) and Australian dollars (d ) on a particular

day is shown in the graph.

14

12

10
British pounds

6
(7, 4)
4

Do NOT write in this area.

2

0
0 5 10 15 20 d
Australian dollars

(a) Write the direct variation equation relating British pounds to Australian dollars 1
in the form p = md. Leave m as a fraction.

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(b) The relationship between Japanese yen ( y) and Australian dollars (d ) on the 2
same day is given by the equation y = 76d.

Convert 93 100 Japanese yen to British pounds.

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 Question 35 (3 marks)

A compass radial survey shows the positions of four towns A, B, C and D relative to 3
point O.

N A
(029°)

km
D

18
12 NOT TO
(318°) km
SCALE

O 16
km
km

198 km2 B
25

(125°)

C
Do NOT write in this area.

The area of triangle BOC is 198 km2.

Calculate the bearing of town C from point O, correct to the nearest degree.

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Question 36 (4 marks)

A small business makes and sells bird houses.

Technology was used to draw straight-line graphs to represent the cost of making
bird houses (C ) and the revenue from selling bird houses (R ). The x-axis displays the
number of bird houses and the y-axis displays the cost/revenue in dollars.
y
R
1500

C
1000

500

Do NOT write in this area.

0 10 20 30 40 x

(a) How many bird houses need to be sold to break even? 1

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(b) By first forming equations for cost (C ) and revenue (R ), determine how many 3
bird houses need to be sold to earn a profit of $1900.

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 Question 37 (3 marks)

A new car is bought for $24 950. Each year the value of the car is depreciated by the 3
same percentage.

The table shows the value of the car, based on the declining-balance method of
depreciation, for the first three years.

End of year Value

1 $21 457.00
2 $18 453.02
3 $15 869.60

What is the value of the car at the end of 10 years?

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Question 38 (2 marks)
In a particular country, the birth weight of babies is normally distributed with a mean 2
of 3000 grams. It is known that 95% of these babies have a birth weight between
1600 grams and 4400 grams.
One of these babies has a birth weight of 3497 grams. What is the z-score of this
baby’s birth weight?
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Question 39 (5 marks)

Two netball teams, Team A and Team B, each played 15 games in a tournament. For 5
each team, the number of goals scored in each game was recorded.

The frequency table shows the data for Team A.

Number of goals Frequency

19 1
20 0
21 1
22 1
23 1
24 3
25 0
26 4
27 3
28 1

Do NOT write in this area.

The data for Team B was analysed to create the box-plot shown.

Team A

Team B

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
Number of goals

Compare the distributions of the number of goals scored by the two teams. Support
your answer with the construction of a box-plot for the data for Team A.

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 Question 40 (3 marks)

A museum is planning an exhibition using five rooms.

The museum manager draws a network to help plan the exhibition. The vertices A,
B, C, D and E represent the five rooms. The numbers on the edges represent the
maximum number of people per hour who can pass through the security checkpoints
between the rooms.

B
80 130
40
240 240
Entry 65 Exit
A C E
90
70 45
25

D
Do NOT write in this area.

(a) What is the capacity of the cut shown? 1

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(b) The museum manager is planning for a maximum of 240 visitors to pass through 2
the exhibition each hour. By using the ‘minimum cut – maximum flow’ theorem,
the manager determines that the plan does not provide sufficient flow capacity.

Draw the minimum cut onto the network below and recommend a change that
the manager could make to one or more security checkpoints to increase the
flow capacity to 240 visitors per hour.

B
80 130
40
240 240
Entry 65 Exit
A C E
90
70 45
25

Recommended change: ........................................................................................

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Question 41 (6 marks)

A map is drawn to scale, on 1-cm grid paper, showing the positions of a supermarket
and a cinema. A reservoir is also shown.

Cinema Supermarket

Reservoir

Do NOT write in this area.

(a) It takes 10 minutes to walk in a straight line from the cinema to the supermarket 3
at a constant speed of 3 km/h. Show that the scale of the map is 1 cm = 100 m.

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Question 41 continues on page 31

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 Question 41 (continued)

(b) The reservoir is initially empty. During a storm 20 mm of rain falls on the 3
reservoir.

With the aid of one application of the trapezoidal rule, estimate the amount of
water in the reservoir immediately after the storm. Assume that all rain which
falls over the reservoir is stored. Give your answer in cubic metres.

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End of Question 41

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Question 42 (3 marks)

The table shows the future values of an annuity of $1 for different interest rates for 4, 3
5 and 6 years. The contributions are made at the end of each year.

Future value of an annuity of $1

Interest rate per annum

Years
1% 2% 3% 4%
4 4.060 4.122 4.184 4.246
5 5.101 5.204 5.309 5.416
6 6.152 6.308 6.468 6.633

An annuity account is opened and contributions of $2000 are made at the end of each
year for 7 years.

For the first 6 years, the interest rate is 4% per annum, compounding annually.

Do NOT write in this area.

For the 7th year, the interest rate increases to 5% per annum, compounding annually.

Calculate the amount in the account immediately after the 7th contribution is made.

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Mathematics Standard 1
Mathematics Standard 2

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