SORTING TECHNIQUE PROGRAMS WITH OUTPUT
1. QUICK SORT
Program:
#include
void swap(int *a, int *b) {
int temp = *a;
*a = *b;
*b = temp;
int partition(int arr[], int low, int high) {
int pivot = arr[high];
int i = (low - 1);
for (int j = low; j < high; j++) {
if (arr[j] < pivot) {
i++;
swap(&arr;[i], &arr;[j]);
swap(&arr;[i + 1], &arr;[high]);
return (i + 1);
void quickSort(int arr[], int low, int high) {
if (low < high) {
int pi = partition(arr, low, high);
quickSort(arr, low, pi - 1);
quickSort(arr, pi + 1, high);
}
int main() {
int arr[] = {10, 7, 8, 9, 1, 5};
int n = 6;
quickSort(arr, 0, n - 1);
printf("Sorted array: ");
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
printf("%d ", arr[i]);
return 0;
Output:
Sorted array: 1 5 7 8 9 10
2. MERGE SORT
Program:
#include
void merge(int arr[], int l, int m, int r) {
int n1 = m - l + 1;
int n2 = r - m;
int L[n1], R[n2];
for (int i = 0; i < n1; i++)
L[i] = arr[l + i];
for (int j = 0; j < n2; j++)
R[j] = arr[m + 1 + j];
int i = 0, j = 0, k = l;
while (i < n1 && j < n2) {
if (L[i] <= R[j])
arr[k++] = L[i++];
else
arr[k++] = R[j++];
while (i < n1)
arr[k++] = L[i++];
while (j < n2)
arr[k++] = R[j++];
void mergeSort(int arr[], int l, int r) {
if (l < r) {
int m = (l + r) / 2;
mergeSort(arr, l, m);
mergeSort(arr, m + 1, r);
merge(arr, l, m, r);
int main() {
int arr[] = {12, 11, 13, 5, 6, 7};
int n = 6;
mergeSort(arr, 0, n - 1);
printf("Sorted array: ");
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
printf("%d ", arr[i]);
}
Output:
Sorted array: 5 6 7 11 12 13
3. HEAP SORT
Program:
#include
void heapify(int arr[], int n, int i) {
int largest = i;
int left = 2 * i + 1;
int right = 2 * i + 2;
if (left < n && arr[left] > arr[largest])
largest = left;
if (right < n && arr[right] > arr[largest])
largest = right;
if (largest != i) {
int temp = arr[i];
arr[i] = arr[largest];
arr[largest] = temp;
heapify(arr, n, largest);
void heapSort(int arr[], int n) {
for (int i = n / 2 - 1; i >= 0; i--)
heapify(arr, n, i);
for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
int temp = arr[0];
arr[0] = arr[i];
arr[i] = temp;
heapify(arr, i, 0);
int main() {
int arr[] = {4, 10, 3, 5, 1};
int n = 5;
heapSort(arr, n);
printf("Sorted array: ");
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
printf("%d ", arr[i]);
Output:
Sorted array: 1 3 4 5 10
4. SHELL SORT
Program:
#include
void shellSort(int arr[], int n) {
for (int gap = n / 2; gap > 0; gap /= 2) {
for (int i = gap; i < n; i++) {
int temp = arr[i];
int j;
for (j = i; j >= gap && arr[j - gap] > temp; j -= gap)
arr[j] = arr[j - gap];
arr[j] = temp;
}
}
int main() {
int arr[] = {12, 34, 54, 2, 3};
int n = 5;
shellSort(arr, n);
printf("Sorted array: ");
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
printf("%d ", arr[i]);
Output:
Sorted array: 2 3 12 34 54