🎤 HAMZA

Slide 1: Title Slide

Assalam-o-Alaikum everyone.

I hope you all are doing well.

Today our group will be presenting on the topic "Social Influence in Psychology."

Agar hum apni daily life ko observe karein, to hume realize hota hai ke humare bohat se
decisions sirf hum khud nahi lete, balkay dusre log bhi un par effect daalte hain.

For example, kabhi hum friends ki wajah se koi trend follow karte hain, kabhi kisi teacher ya
parent ki baat maan lete hain, aur kabhi advertisements humari choices ko influence kar deti
hain.

Ye sab examples social influence ke hain.

Aaj hum discuss karenge ke social influence kya hota hai, ye humare behavior ko kaise affect
karta hai, aur psychologists ne is topic ko samajhne ke liye kaun se important studies conduct ki
hain.

Slide 2: Introduction to Social Psychology

Sabse pehle ye samajhte hain ke Social Psychology kya hai.

Social Psychology psychology ki wo branch hai jo study karti hai ke dusre log humare thoughts,
feelings aur behaviors ko kis tarah influence karte hain.

Hum aksar sochte hain ke hum jo decisions lete hain wo completely independent hote hain, lekin
reality mai society aur environment ka bhi bohat bada role hota hai.

For example:

Agar aap room mai akele ho aur koi decision lena ho, to shayad aap ek tarah se socho.

Lekin agar aap group mai ho aur sab log kisi aur direction mai ja rahe hon, to aapki thinking aur
behavior change ho sakta hai.

Isi tarah social psychology hume explain karti hai ke:

  Hum groups mai kaisa behave karte hain.
 Humari opinions kaise form hoti hain.
 Hum dusron se kis tarah influence hote hain.
 Aur humari decision making par social environment ka kya effect hota hai.

Social psychology ke important areas mai human interaction, group behavior, social influence
aur decision making shamil hain.

Ye field sirf academic importance nahi rakhti balkay education, business, leadership aur
everyday life mai bhi bohat useful hai.

Slide 3: Social Influence

Ab hum apne main topic ki taraf aate hain jo hai Social Influence.

Social influence se murad wo process hai jisme kisi dusre person ya group ki wajah se humara
behavior, attitude ya thinking change ho jaye.

Ye influence kabhi direct hota hai aur kabhi indirect.

Kai dafa hume pata bhi nahi hota ke hum influence ho rahe hain.

For example:

Aap Instagram ya TikTok open karte hain aur koi trend bohat viral chal raha hota hai.

Pehle aap sirf dekhte hain, phir dheere dheere aapko lagta hai ke shayad mujhe bhi ye try karna
chahiye.

Isi tarah marketing campaigns aur advertisements bhi humari choices ko influence karti hain.

Social influence positive bhi ho sakta hai aur negative bhi.

Positive influence ki example ye hai ke agar aapke friends hardworking hain to aap bhi
motivated feel kar sakte ho.

Negative influence ki example peer pressure ho sakti hai jahan log sirf group mai fit hone ke liye
galat decisions le lete hain.

Psychologists ne social influence ko mainly teen categories mai divide kiya hai:

 Conformity
 Obedience
 Compliance
Aur aaj hum in teeno concepts ko detail mai discuss karenge.

Slide 4: Conformity
Sabse pehla concept hai Conformity.

Conformity ka matlab hai apne behavior, attitude ya opinion ko group ke according change kar
lena.

Yani agar group kisi particular tarah think ya behave kar raha hai, to ek individual bhi usi
direction mai chalne lagta hai.

Ab sawal ye hai ke log conform kyun karte hain?

Iski kuch important reasons hain.

Sabse pehla reason hai acceptance.

Har insaan naturally chahta hai ke log usay accept karein aur wo group ka hissa lage.

Dusra reason hai fear of rejection.

Kai dafa log isliye group ko follow karte hain kyun ke unhe lagta hai ke agar wo different
opinion dein ge to log unko criticize karenge ya exclude kar denge.

Teesra common reason hai peer pressure.

Particularly teenagers aur young adults peer pressure ki wajah se bohat influence hote hain.

Conformity ki examples hum daily life mai dekh sakte hain.

Fashion trends.

Social media challenges.

Friends ke opinions ko follow karna.

Ya phir kisi popular belief ko support karna sirf isliye kyun ke sab log usay support kar rahe
hain.

Conformity hume ye samjhati hai ke human behavior sirf individual thinking ka result nahi hota,
balkay group influence bhi us par bohat strong effect daalta hai.
Ab mai presentation Hadia ko hand over karta hoon jo conformity ki types aur ek famous
experiment ko explain karegi.

🎤 Slide 5: Types of Conformity

Thank you Hamza.

Ab hum conformity ki different types ko discuss karenge.

Jab hum conformity ki baat karte hain to iska matlab hota hai apne behavior, opinions ya actions
ko group ke according change kar lena. Lekin psychologists ne observe kiya ke har person same
reason ki wajah se conform nahi karta. Isi liye conformity ko mainly do categories mai divide
kiya gaya hai: Normative Conformity aur Informational Conformity.

Sabse pehle baat karte hain Normative Conformity ki.

Normative conformity tab hoti hai jab koi person group ke sath fit hone ya accept hone ke liye
unki baat maan leta hai. Yahan zaroori nahi ke wo andar se agree bhi karta ho. Kai dafa insaan
ko pata hota hai ke group ki baat galat hai, lekin phir bhi wo unke sath agree kar leta hai kyun ke
wo alag nazar nahi aana chahta.

For example, imagine ke class ke almost sab students kisi fashion trend ko follow kar rahe hain.
Ho sakta hai aapko wo trend personally pasand na ho, lekin phir bhi aap usay adopt kar lete ho
taake aap group ka part lagein.

Isi tarah social media par bhi ye bohat common hai. Jab koi challenge ya trend viral hota hai to
kai log sirf isliye participate karte hain kyun ke sab log kar rahe hote hain.

Normative conformity ka main reason social acceptance hota hai. Humans naturally social
creatures hain aur hum sab chahte hain ke log hume accept karein aur hum kisi group ka hissa
feel karein.

Ab aate hain Informational Conformity ki taraf.

Ye type thori different hai.

Informational conformity tab hoti hai jab hume lagta hai ke dusre log humse zyada knowledge ya
experience rakhte hain aur hum unko follow kar lete hain.

Is situation mai hum acceptance ke liye conform nahi kar rahe hote, balkay hume genuinely lagta
hai ke dusre log correct hain.
For example, agar aap pehli baar kisi new university ya office mai jao aur aapko samajh na aaye
ke registration desk kidhar hai, to naturally aap dusron ko observe karoge aur unko follow
karoge.

Ya exam hall mai instructions clear na hon aur students dusron ko dekh kar decide karein ke
answer sheet kahan submit karni hai.

Yahan conformity ka purpose fit in hona nahi balkay correct information hasil karna hota hai.

Agar hum dono types ko compare karein to:

 Normative conformity = "Mujhe group ka part lagna hai."

 Informational conformity = "Mujhe lagta hai ye log mujhse zyada jante hain."

Dono types hume show karti hain ke social situations humari thinking aur behavior ko kitna
strongly affect kar sakti hain.

🎤 Slide 6: Asch Conformity Experiment

Ab conformity ko practical example ke through samajhte hain.

Is topic se related sabse famous study Solomon Asch ne 1951 mai conduct ki thi.

Asch ka objective ye dekhna tha ke agar ek person ko clearly pata ho ke correct answer kya hai,
to kya wo phir bhi group pressure ki wajah se apna answer change karega?

Experiment mai participants ko different lengths ki lines dikhayi gayin.

Unka task bohat simple tha. Unhe sirf identify karna tha ke kaunsi line reference line ke equal
hai.

Correct answer usually bilkul obvious hota tha.

Lekin experiment mai ek interesting point tha.

Room mai jo log baithe thay un mai se almost sab researchers ke assistants thay. Unko
intentionally wrong answers dene ke liye kaha gaya tha.

Real participant ko is baat ka pata nahi tha.

Jab sab log confidently ek wrong answer dete thay, to real participant ke paas do options hoti
thin:

Ya to apni observation par trust kare.

Ya phir majority ke sath agree kar le.

Surprisingly, bohat se participants ne majority ko follow kiya.

Results ne show kiya ke approximately 75 percent participants ne kam az kam ek dafa group
ke pressure ki wajah se wrong answer diya.

Ye result psychologists ke liye bohat surprising tha kyun ke task difficult nahi tha.

Is experiment se hume pata chalta hai ke kai dafa log sach jante hue bhi majority ke against jana
avoid karte hain.

Aaj ke modern world mai bhi hum is phenomenon ko dekh sakte hain.

For example:

Social media par jab koi opinion bohat popular ho jata hai to kai log us opinion ko support karna
shuru kar dete hain, even without checking facts.

Isi tarah classrooms, workplaces aur friend circles mai bhi group pressure logon ke decisions ko
affect karta hai.

Asch ka experiment psychology ki history mai bohat important mana jata hai kyun ke isne
clearly prove kiya ke group influence human behavior par strong effect daal sakta hai.

🎤 Slide 7: Obedience

Ab hum social influence ki doosri major form ki taraf move karte hain jo hai Obedience.

Obedience ka matlab hai kisi authority figure ki instructions ya orders ko follow karna.

Authority figure koi bhi aisa person ho sakta hai jiske paas power, responsibility ya official
position ho.

Examples include:

 Teachers
 Parents
 Doctors
 Managers
 Police officers

Hum bachpan se authority ko respect aur obey karna seekhte hain.

Agar society mai obedience na ho to rules aur discipline maintain karna bohat difficult ho jaye.
For example:

Students teachers ki instructions follow karte hain.

Drivers traffic signals follow karte hain.

Employees company policies follow karte hain.

Ye sab positive examples hain kyun ke ye social order maintain karte hain.

Lekin psychologists ka interest sirf normal obedience tak limited nahi tha.

Unka question ye tha:

Agar authority kisi aisi cheez ka order de jo morally wrong ya uncomfortable ho, to kya
log phir bhi obey karenge?

Ye question particularly World War II ke baad bohat important ho gaya tha.

Kai logon ne apne actions justify karte hue kaha tha ke wo sirf orders follow kar rahe thay.

Psychologists samajhna chahte thay ke authority ka influence kitna powerful ho sakta hai.

Isi curiosity ki wajah se obedience par kai studies conduct ki gayin, jin mai se sabse famous
Milgram Experiment tha.

Milgram ne investigate kiya ke ordinary people authority ke pressure mai kitni door tak ja sakte
hain.

Aur isi experiment ke results ko ab Wajeeha detail mai explain karegi.