MODULE IN

ENTREPRENEURIAL MIND
GENTR
EP

Entrepreneurship, Human Resources Development

and Marketing

School of Accountancy, Management, Computing and

Information Studies

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 GENTREP

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the course, the Louisian
entrepreneurs are expected to:
1. Relate Christian Spirit, competence,
creativity, social involvement, ethics,
professionalism, maturity, traits and
values in the development of your
personal and professional vision;
2. Discuss the role of entrepreneurship in
socio-economic development;
3. Appraise the application of personal
entrepreneurial competencies and
entrepreneurial mind in all their
undertakings along their program;
4. Apply critical thinking and problem-based
learning in identifying and evaluating new
opportunities and new product ideas that
are responsive to current business and
environmental challenges, relevant to
their program; and
5. Enhance creativity, personal
entrepreneurial competencies and
ENTREPRENEURIAL entrepreneurial mind when designing and
pitching innovative product ideas pertinent
MIND to their program as well as that are
responsive to sustainable development
goals.

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 MODULE 3: Journey to Entrepreneurial Development
Development of your entrepreneurial mindset is the ultimate purpose of this GENTREP
course. Process of entrepreneurial mindset development commence from your “personal discovery”
which was covered in module 1.

Module 3 introduces you to the concepts of entrepreneurial mind and personal

entrepreneurial competencies. Profound knowledge on these concepts will drive you to your
willingness to develop your entrepreneurial mind and eventually develop your personal
entrepreneurial competencies. Deep, clear entrepreneurial mind drive you to behave
entrepreneurially. Thus, it is safe to say that strong personal entrepreneurial competencies are
influenced by a well-developed entrepreneurial mind.

Hence, in this module, you will assess your personal entrepreneurial competencies and
reflect on how you will be able to develop them. Similarly, you will assess your independent mind,
growth-oriented mind, goal oriented and effectuating mind, risk managing mind, resilient mind,
opportunity recognizing mind and your design mind.

In addition, the module covers characteristics of an entrepreneurial firm as presented by the

concept of entrepreneurial orientation.

Unit 1: Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies

Personal entrepreneurial competencies (PECs) are abilities entrepreneurial individuals need to
possess. Understand and develop them in order for you to become entrepreneurial.

Learning outcomes:

At the end of Unit 1, you should be able to achieve the following topic-learning outcomes:
1. Distinguish strong and weak competencies and examine how to improve and enhance them.

ENGAGE ACTIVITY

PERSONAL ENTREPRENEURIAL COMPETENCIES

SELF-RATING QUESTIONNAIRE
Instruction: Answer the questionnaire based on your personal and honest views as there are no
wrong answers. Remember that no one is good at everything. Rate each of the 55 statements
according to your personal beliefs. Write answers in the spaces provided per number following the
downward pattern. Once you are done rating, compute your score (horizontally) per competency
taking into consideration the positive and negative signs. Use this scale when rating:
5 – always
4 – usually
3 – sometimes
2 – rarely
1 – never

1. I look for things that need to be done

2. When faced with a difficult problem, I spend a lot of time trying to find a solution.
3. I complete my work on time.

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 4. It bothers me when things are not done very well.
5. I prefer situations in which I can control the outcomes as much as possible.
6. I like to think about the future.
7. When starting a new task or project, I gather a great deal of information before going ahead.
8. I plan a large project by breaking it down into smaller tasks.
9. I get others to support my recommendations.
10. I feel confident that I will succeed in whatever I try to do.
11. No matter who I’m talking to, I’m a good listener
12. I do things that need to be done before being asked to do so by others.
13. I try several times to get people to do what I would like them to do.
14. I keep the promises I make.
15. My own work is better than that of other people I work with.
16. I don’t try something new without making sure I will succeed.
17. It’s a waste of time worrying about what to do with life.
18. I seek the advice of people who know a lot about the tasks I’m working on.
19. I think about the advantages and disadvantages or different ways of accomplishing things.
20. I do not spend much time thinking about how to influence others.
21. I change my mind if others disagree strongly with me.
22. I feel resentful when I don’t get my way.
23. I like challenges and new opportunities.
24. When something gets in my way of what I’m trying to do, I keep on trying to accomplish what I
want.
25. I am happy to do someone else’s work, if necessary, to get the job done on time.
26. It bothers me when time is wasted.
27. I weigh my chances of succeeding or failing before I do something.
28. The more specific I can be about what I want out of life, the more chances I have to succeed.
29. I take action without wasting time gathering information.
30. I try to think of all the problems I may encounter and plan what to do if each problem occurs.
31. I get important people to help me accomplish my goals.
32. When trying something difficult of challenging, I feel confident that I will succeed.
33. In the past, I have had failures.
34. I prefer activities that I know well and with which I am comfortable.
35. When faced with major difficulties, I quickly go on to other things.
36. When I’m doing a job for someone. I make a special effort to make sure that the person is
happy with my work.
37. I’m never entirely happy with the way in which things are done; I always think there must be a
better way.
38. I do things that are risky.
39. I have a very clear plan for my life.
40. When working on a project for someone, I ask many questions to be sure I understand what the
person wants.
41. I deal with problems as they arise rather than spend time anticipating them.
42. in order to reach my goals, I think of solutions that benefit everyone involved in the problem.
43. I do very good work.
44. There have been occasions when I took advantage of someone.
45. I try things that are very new and different from what I have done before.
46. I try several ways to overcome things that get in the ways to my goals.
47. My family and personal life are more important to me than work deadlines I set for myself.
48. I do not find ways to complete tasks faster at work and at home.
49. I do things that others consider risky.
50. I am so concerned about meeting my weekly goals as I am for my yearly goals.

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 51. I go to several different sources for information to help with tasks or projects.
52. If one approach to a problem does not work, I think of another approach.
53. I am able to get people who have strong opinions or ideas to change their minds.
54. I stick with my decisions even if others disagree strongly with me.
55. When I don’t know something, I don’t mind admitting it.

PERSONAL ENTREPRENEURIAL COMPETENCIES: SELF-RATING SCORE SHEET

____ + ____ + ____ - ____ + ____ + 6_ =_________ OPPORTUNITY SEEKING

1 12 23 34 45
____ + ____ + ____ - ____ + ____ + 6_ =_________ PERSISTENCE
2 13 24 35 46

____ + _____ + ____ + ____ - ____ + __6__ =_________ COMMITMENT TO WORK

3 14 25 36 47 CONTRACT

____ + ____ + ____ + _____ - _____ + 6__ =_________ DEMAND FOR EFFICIENCY AND
4 15 26 37 48 QUALITY

____ - ____ + ____ + ____ + _____ + 6__ =_________ RISK TAKING

5 16 27 38 49

____ - _____ + ____ + _____ + _____ + 6__ = ________ GOAL SETTING

6 17 28 39 50

____ + _____ - ____ + _____ + _____ + 6__ = ________ INFORMATION SEEKING

7 18 29 40 51

____ + _____ + ____ - ______ + ____ + 6__ =________ SYSTEMATIC PLANNING AND
8 19 30 41 52 MONITORING

____ - _____ + _____ + _____ + ____ + 6__ = _______ PERSUASION AND NETWORKING
9 20 31 42 53

____ - _____ + _____ + _____ + ____ + 6__ = _______ SELF-CONFIDENCE

10 21 32 43 54

TOTAL PEC SCORE

=_______________

____ - _____ - _____ - ______ + _____ + 18__ = __________ CORRECTION FACTOR**

11 22 33 44 55

PECs SELF-RATING QUESTIONNAIRE Corrected Score Sheet

Instructions

1. The correction factor (the total of items 11, 22, 33, 44, and 55) is used to determine whether or
not a person tries a very favorable image of himself. If the total score on this factor is 20 or greater,

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 then the total score on the ten PECs must be corrected to provide a more accurate assessment of
the strengths of the PEC score for that individual.

2. Use these following numbers when figuring the corrected score:

Subtract the following number from each PEC score

**If the correction factor is
(correction value)
24 or 25 7
22 or 23 5
20 or 21 3
19 or less 0

PEC original score correction value corrected total

Opportunity seeking _____________ _______________
_______________
Persistence _____________ _______________
_______________
Commitment to work contract _____________ _______________
_______________
Demand for efficiency and quality _____________ ______________
_______________
Risk taking _____________ ______________
_______________
Goal setting ____________ ______________
_______________
Information seeking ____________ ______________
_______________
Systematic planning and monitoring ____________ ______________
_______________
Persuasion and networking ____________ ______________
_______________
Self-confidence ____________ ______________
_______________

Interpretation:

The highest score per PEC is 25. The nearer you are to 25, the stronger you are in that PEC item; the
closer you are to zero, the weaker you are in that PEC item.

Below the average score of 12.5 means a challenge to improve that PEC item.
However, I want you to look into your highest and lowest scores to interpret. Your highest score will be your
most strong competency and your lowest will be your most weak competency.

THE 10 PERSONAL ENTREPRENEURIAL COMPETENCIES

These are key personal entrepreneurial competencies that can determine successful
from unsuccessful entrepreneurs and potential entrepreneurs. These were identified
through an intensive research by Management Systems International (MSI) and McBer

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 Team. The 10 are grouped into 3 clusters; the achievement cluster, the planning cluster and the
power cluster.

A. ACHIEVEMENT CLUSTER
 Opportunity-seeking. Entrepreneurs seek opportunities and take the initiative to transform
them into business situations.
 Persistence. When most people tend to abandon an activity, successful entrepreneurs stick
with it.
 Commitment to work contract. Entrepreneurs keep their promises, no matter how great
the personal sacrifice.
 Demand for efficiency and quality. Entrepreneurs try to do something better, faster or
cheaper.
 Taking calculated risks. Taking calculated risks is one of the primary concepts in
entrepreneurship.

B. PLANNING CLUSTER
 Goal setting. This is the most important competency because none of the rest will function
without it. Entrepreneurs set goals and objectives which are meaningful and challenging.
 Information seeking. Entrepreneurs gather information about their clients, suppliers,
technology and opportunities.
 Systematic planning and monitoring. Systematic behavior means acting in a logical way.
Planning is deciding what to do. Monitoring means checking.

C. POWER CLUSTER
 Persuasion and networking. Entrepreneurs influence other people to follow them or do
something for them.
 Self-confidence. Entrepreneurs have a quiet self-assurance in their capability or potential
to do something.
(source: [Link]

Unit 2: The Entrepreneurial Mind

The topics here will enlighten you on what is entrepreneurial mind and the different attributes
that you need to develop in order to cultivate your entrepreneurial mindset.

Learning outcomes:

The topics in unit 2 will enable you to:

1. Comprehend the concepts of entrepreneurial mind (EM) and appraise their significance in
decision making pertinent to your program.
2. Use entrepreneurial mind in your undertakings.

ENGAGE ACTIVITY
Activity 1: How Independent Thinking Are You?
[Link]

 The following questionnaire yields a quick assessment of your current level of independent
thinking. The items provide an overview of what is involved in thinking for yourself.
 INSTRUCTIONS: Think of how you make decisions and form opinions, then for each item,
using a scale from 1 to 5, rate how often the statement is true of you. With '1' being 'rarely like

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 you' and '5' being 'usually like you'. There are no right or wrong answers. Simply answer the
way that best describes how you usually feel and act.

Openness
__1. I listen.
__2. I consider several points of view.
__3. I accept partial answers.
__4. I seek alternative explanations
__5. I define the core issues.
__6. I am alert for bias.
__7. I resist emotional appeals.
__8. I examine the evidence.

Independence
__9. I clarify my viewpoint.
__10. I rely on my own judgment.
__11. I trust my instincts.
__12. I weigh expert’s advice before accepting it.

Values
__13. I live by a personal moral code.
__14. I consider what really matters to me.
__15. I tell the truth.
__16.I do what I say I will do.

Responsibility
__17. I am constantly improving myself.
__18. I don’t make excuses when I act badly.
__19. I examine my motivation.
__20. I weigh consequences.

Assertiveness
__21. I say what I think.
__22. I question what I see and hear.
__23. I take divergent positions.
__24. I speak up when someone is inappropriate.

Religious Openness
__25. I respect others’ religious beliefs.
__26. I interpret religious edicts for myself.
__27. I explore religious views different from mine.
__28. I question the views of my religion

Questioning Authority
__29. I follow my conscience.
__30. I speak up when people in authority do wrong.
__31. I do what makes sense, not just obey laws.
__32. I am skeptical of what people in authority say.

Interpretation

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 32—64: Others Think for You
You give into other’s pressures because you don’t know what you want. When you sort out what
matters most to you, you will be stronger. Take time to explore what really matters to you and how
you see things.

65—96: Potential Independent Thinker

You have considerable potential to think independently. Exercise your mental muscles by deciding
your opinion on issues. Begin by gathering diverse information then weight the pros and cons.

97—128: Promising Independent Thinker

Your critical thinking skills are good. You avoid stereotypes and question experts and authorities.
It’s important to remind yourself to use your analytical skills. Look for opportunities to
practice—everyday.

129—160: Outstanding Independent Thinker

Your ability to think for yourself is outstanding. You are good at seeing bamboozles and avoiding
them. Be careful not to become complacent by being alert to your unquestioned assumptions.

Activity 2. Growth Oriented Mindset Assessment

Directions: read each statement below and then check the corresponding box that shows how
much you agree with each statement. There are no right or wrong answers.

Strongly Agree Mostly Mostly Disagree Strongly

agree agree Disagree disagree
1 2 3 4 5 6
1. You have certain amount of intelligence
and you really can’t do much to change
it.
2. Your intelligence is something about
you that you can’t change very much.
3. No matter who you are, you can
significantly change your intelligence
level
4. To be honest, you can’t really change
how intelligent you are
5. You can always substantially change
how intelligent you are
6. You can learn new things, but you can’t
really change your basic intelligence
7. No matter how much intelligence you
have, you can always change it quite a
bit.
8. You can change even your basic level
considerably.
9. You have certain amount of talent, and
you can’t really do much to change it.
10. Your talent in an area is something
about you that you can’t change very
much.
11. No matter who you are, you can
significantly change your level of talent.
12. To be honest, you can’t really change
how much talent you have.

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 13. You can always substantially change
how much talent you have.
14. You can learn new things, but you can’t
really change your basic level of talent.
15. No matter how much talent you have,
you can always change it quite a bit
16. You can change even your basic level
of talent considerably.
Scoring and Interpretation
1. Reverse score items 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 10, 12, and 14. That is, if your response to any of these items
is
1, change it to 6; 4, change it to 3;
2, change it to 5; 5, change it to 2;
3, change it to 4; 6, change it to 1.
2. Take the average of your responses to all 16 items.
3. If your average score is ≤ 3, you have a growth mindset; if your average score is > 3, you have
a fixed mindset.

Activity 3. Goal Oriented Mind Assessment

Directions: Read each statement below and then check the corresponding box that shows how
much you agree with each statement. There are no right or wrong answers.

Strongly Agree Mostly Mostly Disagree Strongly

agree 2 agree Disagree 5 disagree
1 3 4 6

1. I acquaint and mix myself with

goal-oriented people.
2. My friends and I excitedly talk
about our respective goals and
dreams and how each of us
intends to get there.
3. I write down my goals onto paper.
4. I make it a habit to write down my
goals each day.
5. As much as possible, I set a
deadline on when I should be
achieving a certain goal.
6. All I have to do is to identify a goal
and claim its result and it will
automatically come to me.
7. In pursuit of my goals, I identify the
activities to be done and the
resources needed to do them.
8. Even before I start doing the
activities, I make sure to
determine the proper sequence of
doing them.
9. I schedule the activities that I need
to do to achieve my goals.

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 10. As much as I can, I follow the
schedule that I set for my goal-
related activities.
11. I tend to procrastinate in doing the
things that I’ve set to do.
12. I commit focused time each day to
doing whatever it would take to
move me toward my goals.
13. Even if I am busy, I find time to
plan the things that I need to do on
a daily basis.
14. I write down beforehand what I
need to get done for the day.
15. I am aware that I may not be able
to achieve my goal on the first
attempt, so I prepare an alternative
or a backup plan, just in case.
16. I constantly review my progress
and actively monitor my results as I
pursue my goals.
17. When I encounter a hindrance or
difficulty, I tend to be discouraged
and to lose the desire to pursue my
goals.
18. Even if the situation gets tough, I
will not abandon the goals that I’ve
set.

Scoring and interpretation

1. Reverse score items 6, 11, and 17. That is, if your response to any of these items is
1, change it to 6;
2, change it to 5;
3, change it to 4;
4, change it to 3;
5, change it to 2;
6, change it to 1.
2. Take the average of your responses to all 18 items.
3. If your average score is ≤ 3, you have a goal-oriented and effectuating mindset; if your
average score is > 3, you need to exert more effort to develop this mindset.

Activity 4. Resilient Mind Assessment

Directions:
Read each statement below and then check the corresponding box that shows how much you
agree with each statement. There are no right or wrong answers.

The preceding self-assessment tool was adapted from

[Link] though Statements 4, 6, 8, and 14
were modified to match your situation as students.

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 It would be better if you’d do the self-assessment at the MindTools website as indicated in the URL,
so you could also avail of the scoring and interpretation of the results afterward. You’d be given not
just the general assessment result, but the results itemized according to the elements of
RESILIENCE; namely, Confidence (Items 1, 3, 9, 16), Social Support (Items 4, 8, 11, 14),
Adaptability (Items 2, 7, 12, 15), and Purposefulness (Items 5, 6, 10, 13).

Strongly Disagre Neither Agree Strongly

disagree e agree nor agree
1 Disagree 4 5
2 3
1. When given a new task, I'm
confident that I'll succeed.
2. When one attempt fails, I learn
from it and change my approach
next time.
3. When a task doesn't go to plan, it
affects my self-belief.
4. I have few people at school who I
can speak to about issues in our
academics.
5. When I encounter a difficulty, I
lose sight of my goal quickly.
6. Sometimes I question my
commitment to my course.
7. I have strategies in place for
dealing with stress.
8. I find it easy to ask my classmates
and friends for help.
9. I feel positive about the future.
10. I worry about issues that I have no
control over.
11. Asking for assistance reveals
weakness.
12. When there is fundamental
change, I struggle to come around
to new ways of thinking.
13. I have strong goals that are clear
in my mind.
14. I am able to discuss my
academics and its challenges with
people outside of school, such as
family members and close friends.
15. I am more likely to say "yes" than
"no."
16. Failures are hard to forget and
successes are hard to remember.
Interpretation:

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 16-37 - you have little resilient mind
38-59 -you are easily defeated but plenty of room for improvement
60-80 -congratulations, you are a resilient team member.

What is mindset
 Mindset is a mental attitude or inclination (Merriam-Webster)
 Mindset is the sum of your knowledge-beliefs and thoughts about the world and yourself.
(Thum, 2012)
 Mindsets can be shaped by an intentional awareness but are also driven by our experiences.
A mindset is a habit that requires practice (Bosman & Fernhaber, 2018)

What is entrepreneurial
 Undertaker- Richard Cantillon
 Creates value- Jean Baptiste Say
 Change agent/creative destruction- Joseph Schumpeter
 Resourcefulness and uncertainty- Howard Stevenson
 Opportunity-Peter Drucker

What is entrepreneurial mindset

 The inclination to discover, evaluate and exploit opportunities. (Bosman, Lisa; Fernhaber,
Stephanie).
 Entrepreneurial mindset refers to a specific state of mind which orientates human conduct
towards entrepreneurial activities and outcomes. Individuals with entrepreneurial mindsets
are often drawn to opportunities, innovation and new value creation.
([Link]

 The entrepreneurial mindset is about a certain way of thinking

 It is what you need to propel yourself forward.
 If you want to cultivate an entrepreneurial mindset, you have to embrace challenges. You
have to seek them out.
 the entrepreneurial mindset is about thinking differently than the rest.
 The truest entrepreneurial mindset is about providing value. Entrepreneurs are on a quest to
help the customer in some way and to continue to make their service better and better. They
identify problems and solve them. (Arash Asli, [Link])

 A set of cognitive (thinking) processes that triggers the individuals to act or to behave
entrepreneurially.
 Sometimes it is called entrepreneurial talent or mentality
 This mindset, talent or mentality can be changed and modified over time
 The basis for the individual behavior

The Importance of Entrepreneurial Mindset

 To build an entrepreneurial society
 Developing the right mindset at a very early age
 Inculcation process needs to be implemented thru various programs and activities
 Entrepreneurs as agents of change at every level of the society
 Entrepreneurship as a way of life

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 McGrath and MacMillan’s 5 characteristics of entrepreneurial mindset
(Bosman & Fernhaber, 2018)
1. They passionately seek new opportunities
2. They pursue opportunities with enormous discipline
3. They pursue only the very best opportunities and avoid exhausting themselves and their
organizations by chasing after every option.
4. They focus on execution-specifically, adaptive execution.
5. They engage the energies of everyone in their domain.

ENTREPRENEURIAL MIND ATTRIBUTES

1. The Independent mind
 Individuals who are independent minded are inclined to decide for themselves what to
believe and do rather than simply accept things because others say they should.
 Being independent minded doesn’t necessarily mean that your opinions are always different
from others and that you never consult with other people; it means simply that you hold
opinions because they make sense to you.
 Individuals who are independent minded aren’t afraid of having a different opinion but don’t
simply pick an opposing view just to be different.
 Individuals who are independent minded are typically willing to stand up publicly for what
they believe.
• Has an internal locus of control
• Is interested in being perceived as unique; prefers acting in unique ways
• Desires to work with a high degree of independence
• Prefers tasks and situations with little formal structure
• Believes in one’s capability to successfully achieve goals

2. The growth-oriented mind

• Is open to change and willing to adapt to change
• Is open to consistently learn from one’s context and environment
• Is receptive to feedback
• A growth mindset is simply the belief that our basic abilities can be developed and improved
through dedication and hard work. It's not so much that this belief is some kind of magic.
3. The goal-oriented and effectuating mind
• Desires to achieve at a high level
• Is determined to achieve stretch goals
• Shows initiative, makes decisions quickly, and feels impatient for results
• Desires to translate ideas into actionable plans and to execute these plans
• Desires to do one’s work well and thoroughly, and to be careful, meticulous, and rigorous
while doing so
• Understands that earnest, strenuous efforts are required to achieve goals and overcome
challenges and uncertainties
4. The risk-managing mind
• Has the propensity to take calculated risks
• Considers not just the potential benefits and returns of an opportunity, but also its costs and
risks before pursuing it
• Considers the long-term viability of an opportunity by looking beyond the immediate situation
and considering the future carefully
• Is willing to pursue a desired goal even when the probability of succeeding is low, as long as
the relative value (return less risk; opportunity for learning) is favorable

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 • Includes the overcoming, or at least the mitigation, of risks in pursuing goals
The Entrepreneur’s Confrontation with Risk
• Financial risk versus profit (return) motive varies in entrepreneurs’ desire for wealth.
• Career risk—loss of employment security
• Family and social risk—competing commitments of work and family
• Psychic risk—psychological impact of failure on the well-being of entrepreneurs

5. The resilient mind

• Maintains a generally positive attitude about various aspects of one’s life and the world
• Sees every failure as an opportunity for improvement and personal mastery
• Bounces back quickly from disappointments
• Remains persistent in the face of setbacks
• Is inspired by and celebrates the successes of others instead of feeling threatened by or
being jealous of them
• Resilience is important because it keeps us on track to achieve our goals, regardless of the
setbacks or problems that we may experience. According to Cary Cooper, Jill Flint-Taylor,
and Michael Pearn, resilience has four essential elements:
1. Confidence.
2. Social support.
3. Adaptability.
4. Purposefulness

6. The opportunity-recognizing mind

• Is curious and inquisitive
• Is empathetic and sensitive to the beliefs, feelings, needs, and motivations of other people
• Is sensitive to problems and desires to solve them
• Is sensitive to available, yet idle, resources
7. The designing mind
• Transcends traditional rules and patterns to create meaningful, fresh ideas, interpretations,
and solutions
• Generates multiple and novel ideas and finds multiple approaches for achieving goals
• Is willing to experiment, to try new ideas over and over again, and learn from mistakes

Unit 3: the Entrepreneurial Organization

The personal competencies and mindset are descriptions of entrepreneurial individuals.
Topic in Unit 3 covers the dimensions of an entrepreneurial firm. So when individuals have
possessed the competencies and mindset of an entrepreneur, they become drivers for
organizations to be entrepreneurial.

Learning outcomes:

The topic will enable you to:

1. Explain dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation (EO).
2. Appraise organizations that adopt EO and use EO in their future practice

Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO)

 Strategy- making practices that firms use to identify and launch entrepreneurial ventures.
 Represents a frame of mind and a perspective toward entrepreneurship that is reflected in
a firm’s ongoing processes and culture.

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  An entrepreneurial orientation involves:
- Strategy making practices used to identify & launch new ventures
- A unique frame of mind
- A perspective toward entrepreneurship
- Reflected in a firm’s ongoing processes
- Reflected in the corporate culture
- That permeates decision-making styles & practices of the firm’s members

Dimensions of Entrepreneurial Orientation

En t r e p r e n e u r i a l O r i e n t a t i o n
12-51

Exhibit 12.3 Dimensions of Entrepreneurial Orientation

Sources: Dess, G.G. & Lumkin, G.T. 2005. The Role of Entrepreneurial Orientation in Stimulating Effective Corporate Entrepreneurship. Academy of Management
Execut ive, 19(1): 147-156; Covin, J.G. & Slevin, D.P. 1991. A Conceptual Model of Entrepreneurship as Firm Behavior. Ent repreneurship Theory & Pract ice, Fall: 7-25;
Lumpkin, G.T. & Dess, G.G. 1996. Clarifying the Entrepreneurial Orientation Construct and Linking It to Performance. Academy of Management Review, 21: 135-172;
Miller, D. 1983. The Correlates of Entrepreneurship in Three Types of Firms. Management Science, 29: 770-791.

Autonomy refers to a willingness to act independently in order to carry forward an entrepreneurial

vision or opportunity, and can be promoted by:
 Using skunk works to foster entrepreneurial thinking
 Designing organizational structures that support independent action

Problems can include:

 Duplication of effort
 Wasting of resources

Innovativeness refers to a firm’s efforts to find new opportunities & novel solutions, and can be
promoted by:
 Fostering creativity & experimentation
 Investing in new technology, R&D, & continuous improvement
Problems can include:
 Waste of resources if no results
 Competitors may copy it more profitably
 The investment may not pay off

Proactiveness refers to a firm’s efforts to seize new opportunities, and can be promoted by:
 Introducing new products or technological capabilities ahead of the competition
 Continuously seeking out new product or service offerings

Problems can include:

 First movers are not always successful
 Brand extensions can go too far

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 Competitive aggressiveness refers to a firm’s efforts to outperform its industry rivals, & can be
promoted by:
 Entering markets with drastically lower prices
 Finding successful business models & copying them

Problems can include:

 Being overly aggressive & damaging a firm’s reputation
 Trying to decimate rather than just defeat the competition

Risk taking refers to a firm’s willingness to act boldly without knowing the consequences, and can
be promoted by:
 Researching & assessing risk factors, including business, financial & personal risk, to
minimize uncertainty
 Using techniques that have worked in other domains

Problems can include:

 Lack of forethought, research, & planning
 Failure to evaluate uncertainty

ACTIVITIES
Explain activity
Read: [Link]
visit:
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[Link]

Elaborate Activity: 70 points

The Philippine Start-up challenge 2023 encourages you, young entrepreneurs,
to develop innovative ideas that have potential for business ventures that
respond to the sustainable develop goal 3—good health and well-being
Task:
1. As based on your self-assessment result, determine 5 weak competencies that hinder you
to develop creative and innovative ideas related to the identified sustainable development
goal 3.
2. Create comic strips to show how you will turn these weaknesses into strengths. You may
draw or use an app in making this requirement; there should be a minimum 5 panels/boxes;

You will be rated as to: Content/focus- 20; creativity- 20; clarity-10; timeliness-10

EVALUATE ACTIVITY: 100 points

You’re working in a health and wellness organization that motivates employees to be intrapreneurs.
Having known that you have developed the personal entrepreneurial competencies and attributes of
an entrepreneurial mind, as well as equipped with knowledge on the characteristics of an
entrepreneurial firm, your manager ordered you to create a concept paper with the following
contents in order for your firm to be responsive to the call for sustainability which is a global
phenomenon:

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 A. Title: Sustainable Entrepreneurship
B. Introduction
 Statement of the Problem: How can sustainability-focused organizations ensure
business survival in the post Covid 19 Global Economy?
 Here, present a short background of the current state of organizations as regards to their
response to the post Covid 19 particularly their EO sustainability management practices
that enable them to survive in the state of crisis.
 Your discussion must be able to emerge the GAP / issue / problem / concern that needs
to be addressed
 Develop the “what is known and what is unknown” about sustainability in local and global
organizations. Then proceed to capture the essential GAP / issue / problem / concern
that must be addressed for organizations to guarantee Performance Excellence.
 Use journal articles, online references. Make sure to acknowledge your source using
appropriate citation (APA 7th edition in-text citation and referencing format)
C. Review of literature (Use APA 7th).
Support your argument (from your introduction) by synthesizing findings of studies on
the (sustainability) methodologies and/or models that they have used and proposed in their
research studies pertinent to entrepreneurial orientation. Did the organizations adopt
entrepreneurial orientation best practices? In what context, did they use entrepreneurial
orientation practices to ensure survival and potential sustainability of operations?
● Use journal articles, online references. Make sure to acknowledge your source using
appropriate citation (APA 7th edition in-text citation and referencing format)
D. Application
Suggest to your supervisor original, unique, creative ideas pertinent to entrepreneurial
orientation which your organization should adopt to ensure survival and sustainability.
E. References (Use APA 7th)

Criteria: Content; organization and citation; mechanic; insights/application.

Prepared by :

Lorraine Ngaosi
EHM Faculty
SAMCIS

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