JEE (Main) Level Exercises (Continued)

Topic: Physical Quantities, Dimensional Analysis & Errors

36. If force (F), length (L) and time (T) are assumed to be fundamental units, then the dimensional formula of the mass will be
Key Concept: Base the relation on Newton's Second Law: Force = Mass × Acceleration.
Step-by-Step Analysis:

Dimension of Acceleration = [LT −2 ].

F = M × [LT −2 ] ⇒ M = F ⋅ [L−1 T 2 ].
Therefore, the dimensional formula for mass is [F L−1 T 2 ].

Final Answer: (2) [F L−1 T 2 ] (Note: The standard options list [F L−1 T 2 ] but there is a typo in option 2 in the book; it should logically evaluate to
[F L−1 T 2 ]).
37. Position of a body with acceleration 'a' is given by x = Kam tn here t is time. Find dimension of m and n.
Key Concept: Principle of Dimensional Homogeneity (Dimensions on LHS must equal RHS).
Step-by-Step Analysis:

[x] = [L]
[a] = [LT −2 ], [t] = [T ]
Equating dimensions: [L] = [LT −2 ]m [T ]n = [Lm T −2m+n ]
Comparing powers of L: m = 1.
Comparing powers of T : −2m + n = 0 ⇒ −2(1) + n = 0 ⇒ n = 2.
Final Answer: (2) m = 1, n = 2
38. Let [ϵ0 ] denote the dimensional formula of the permittivity of the vacuum and [μ0 ] denote that of permeability of the vacuum. Find correct
​ ​

option if I = electric current.

Step-by-Step Analysis:
1 q1 q2 q2
For ϵ0 : From Coulomb's Law, F = ⇒ ϵ0 = .
​ ​

4πϵ0 r2 F r2
​ ​ ​ ​ ​

[q] = [IT ], [F ] = [M LT −2 ], [r] = [L]

[I 2 T 2 ]
[ϵ0 ] = ​

[M LT −2 ][L2 ] ​ = [M −1 L−3 T 4 I 2 ]
1 1
For μ0 : The speed of light c
​ = μ 0 ϵ0 ​ ​
​

​
⇒ μ0 = ​

c 2 ϵ0 .
​
​

1 1
[μ0 ] = ​

[LT −1 ]2 [M −1 L−3 T 4 I 2 ]
​
= [L2 T −2 M −1 L−3 T 4 I 2 ]
​
= [M LT −2 I −2 ]
Checking the options, both (2) and (3) are technically correct representations. Option 2 explicitly matches the standard derivation ask.

Final Answer: Both (2) [ϵ0 ] = [M −1 L−3 T 4 I 2 ] and (3) [μ0 ] = [M LT −2 I −2 ] are dimensionally correct.
​ ​

M1 M2 2 2
39. In a direct impact, loss in kinetic energy is given by ΔK = 2(M +M ) (V1 − V2 ) (1 − k ) with usual notations. The quantity k will have
​ ​

​ ​ ​

1 ​

2 ​

dimensional formula:
Key Concept: Dimensionless subtraction.
Step-by-Step Analysis:

The term (1 − k 2 ) implies that k 2 is being subtracted from a pure number (1).
By the principle of homogeneity, you can only subtract a dimensionless quantity from another dimensionless quantity.

Therefore, k is dimensionless.

Final Answer: (3) [M 0 L0 T 0 ]

a a−t2
40. The dimensions of b in the equation P ​
= bx where P is pressure, x is distance and t is time, are:
​

Step-by-Step Analysis:

From the numerator (a − t2 ), a must have the same dimension as t2 . So, [a] = [T 2 ].
[a] [T 2 ]
Now, substituting into the whole equation: [P ] = [b][x] ​ ⇒ [M L−1 T −2 ] = [b][L] ​

2
[T ]
Solving for [b]: [b] = [M L−1 T −2 ][L]
​
= [M −1 T 4 ]
[T 2 ]
We need [ ab ] ​ = [M −1 T 4 ] ​ = [M T −2 ]

Final Answer: (2) [M T −2 ]

41. If area (A) velocity (v) and density (ρ) are base units, then the dimensional formula of force can be represented as:
Step-by-Step Analysis:

Let F ∝ A x v y ρz .
[M LT −2 ] = [L2 ]x [LT −1 ]y [M L−3 ]z = M z L2x+y−3z T −y
Comparing M : z =1
Comparing T : −y = −2 ⇒ y = 2
Comparing L: 2x + y − 3z = 1 ⇒ 2x + 2 − 3(1) = 1 ⇒ 2x − 1 = 1 ⇒ x = 1.
Thus, F ∝ A 1 v 2 ρ1 .
 Final Answer: (2) Av 2 ρ
42. Minimum speed of a plane on runway for take-off was found to depend on area of blade of wings (A), density (ρ) and acceleration due to
gravity (g ). If take-off speed of a model toy plane is 10 m/s, then take-off speed of a real plane scaled up 103 times will be 10m/n m/s. Find (m + n).
Step-by-Step Analysis:

Find dependence: v ∝ A x ρy g z
[LT −1 ] = [L2 ]x [M L−3 ]y [LT −2 ]z = M y L2x−3y+z T −2z
y = 0, −2z = −1 ⇒ z = 1/2.
2x + z = 1 ⇒ 2x + 1/2 = 1 ⇒ x = 1/4.
Therefore, v ∝ A1/4 g 1/2 .
If linear dimension is scaled by 103 , Area (A = L2 ) is scaled by (103 )2 = 106 .
6 1/4
vreal
vnew ∝ (Anew )1/4 ⇒
​ ​

vtoy​
​

​ = ( 10A A ) ​ = 106/4 = 103/2 .

vreal = 10 × 101.5 = 102.5 = 105/2 .

​

Here, m = 5, n = 2.
Sum m + n = 5 + 2 = 7.
Final Answer: 7
43. In an ancient civilization, the unit of length was half of metre, the unit of mass was double the kilogram and the unit of time was half of second.
The ratio of their unit of energy and joule is:
Step-by-Step Analysis:

Energy Dimension = [M L2 T −2 ]
New Unit = (2 kg) × (0.5 m)2 × (0.5 s)−2
1
New Unit = 2 × 0.25 × 0.25 ​ Joules = 2 Joules.
2J
Ratio = 1J ​ = 2.
Final Answer: 2
44. In the given equation: y = A(1 − e−yt/v ), t is time and v velocity. If dimensional formula of y is [M x Ly T z ], then the value of x+2y+z is equal to:
Step-by-Step Analysis:
yt
The exponent must be dimensionless: [ v ​ ] = [M 0 L0 T 0 ]
[v] [LT −1 ]
[y] = [t] ​ = [T ] ​ = [LT −2 ].

Here, x = 0, y = 1 (power of L), z = −2.

Required: x + 2y + z = 0 + 2(1) + (−2) = 0.
Final Answer: 0
45. Moment of inertia of a solid sphere about its geometrical axis is given by I = 25 M R2 . Find the sum of dimensions of moment of inertia.
​

Step-by-Step Analysis:

[I] = [M ][L]2 = [M 1 L2 T 0 ].
Sum of dimensions (exponents) = 1 + 2 + 0 = 3.
Final Answer: 3
46. If vibration frequency f of the star is given by the following equation: f = kRa ρb Gc ... then (b+c) is equal to:
Step-by-Step Analysis:

[T −1 ] = [L]a [M L−3 ]b [M −1 L3 T −2 ]c
Comparing M : b − c =0⇒b=c
Comparing T : −2c = −1 ⇒ c = 1/2. Thus, b = 1/2.
b + c = 1/2 + 1/2 = 1.
Final Answer: 1
47. If momentum (P), area (A) and time (T) are taken to be fundamental quantities, then energy has the dimensional formula [P α Aβ T γ ]. Find (α +
2β + γ).
Step-by-Step Analysis:

Energy [E] = [M L2 T −2 ].
Let E ∝ P α Aβ T γ ⇒ [M L2 T −2 ] = [M LT −1 ]α [L2 ]β [T ]γ .
M: α = 1
L: α + 2β = 2 ⇒ 1 + 2β = 2 ⇒ β = 1/2.
T : −α + γ = −2 ⇒ −1 + γ = −2 ⇒ γ = −1.
Calculate: 1 + 2(1/2) + (−1) = 1 + 1 − 1 = 1.
Final Answer: 1
48. The frequency of vibration f ... f = Cmx K y , where C is a dimensionless quantity. The value of x and y are P and Q. Find (P+Q).
Step-by-Step Analysis:
 Spring constant K = Force/Length = [M LT −2 ]/[L] = [M T −2 ].
[T −1 ] = [M ]x [M T −2 ]y = M x+y T −2y
T : −2y = −1 ⇒ y = 1/2.
M : x + y = 0 ⇒ x = −1/2.
P + Q = x + y = 0.
Final Answer: 0
49. The velocity of a freely falling body changes as g p hq . The values of p and q are x and y. Find (x+y).
Step-by-Step Analysis:

[LT −1 ] = [LT −2 ]p [L]q = Lp+q T −2p

T : −2p = −1 ⇒ p = 1/2.
L: p + q = 1 ⇒ 1/2 + q = 1 ⇒ q = 1/2.
x + y = 1/2 + 1/2 = 1.
Final Answer: 1
50. A gas bubble from an explosion ... oscillates with period T ∝ pa db E c . The value of a is −x/y . Find (x+y).
Step-by-Step Analysis:

[T ] = [M L−1 T −2 ]a [M L−3 ]b [M L2 T −2 ]c
M: a + b + c = 0
L: −a − 3b + 2c = 0
T : −2a − 2c = 1 ⇒ a + c = −1/2 ⇒ c = −a − 1/2
Sub c in M eq: a + b − a − 1/2 = 0 ⇒ b = 1/2.
Sub b, c in L eq: −a − 3(1/2) + 2(−a − 1/2) = 0 ⇒ −3a − 5/2 = 0 ⇒ a = −5/6.
a = −5/6. Thus x = 5, y = 6.
x + y = 11.
Final Answer: 11

Error and Uncertainty

51. Measure of two quantities ... A = 2.5 ± 0.5 ms−1 , B = 0.10 ± 0.01 s. The value of AB will be:
Step-by-Step Analysis:

Value = 2.5 × 0.10 = 0.25.

Δ(AB) ΔA ΔB 0.5 0.01
Relative error AB ​ = A ​ + B ​ = 2.5 ​ + 0.10 ​ = 0.2 + 0.1 = 0.3.
Absolute error Δ(AB) = 0.3 × 0.25 = 0.075 ≈ 0.08 (rounding to one sig fig as typical for errors).
Final Answer: (1) (0.25 ± 0.08) m
52. You measure two quantities as A = 1.0 m ± 0.2 m, B = 2.0 m ± 0.2 m. We should report correct value for AB as:
​

Step-by-Step Analysis:

Value = 1.0 × 2.0 = ​ 2 ≈ 1.414 m.

​

Δ( AB ) 1
Fractional error
AB ​
​

​ = 2 ​ ( ΔA
A +​
ΔB
B ​ )= 1
2 ​ ( 0.2
1.0 +
​
0.2
2.0 )
​ = 0.5(0.2 + 0.1) = 0.15.

Absolute error = 0.15 × 1.414 ≈ 0.212.

Match precision of inputs (1 decimal place) → 1.4 ± 0.2 m.
Final Answer: (4) 1.4 m ± 0.2 m
53. Which of the following measurement is most precise?
Key Concept: Precision is linked to the lowest Least Count (LC).
Step-by-Step Analysis:

5.00 mm measures down to 0.01 mm.

5.00 cm measures down to 0.01 cm = 0.1 mm.
5.00 m measures down to 10 mm.
5.00 km measures down to 10 m.
5.00 mm has the smallest measurable increment.
Final Answer: (1) 5.00 mm
54. The mean length of an object is 5 cm. Which of the following measurements is most accurate?
Key Concept: Accuracy is how close the measured value is to the true mean value.
Step-by-Step Analysis:

∣5 − 4.9∣ = 0.1 cm
∣5 − 4.805∣ = 0.195 cm
∣5 − 5.25∣ = 0.25 cm
 ∣5 − 5.4∣ = 0.4 cm
4.9 cm is closest to 5 cm.
Final Answer: (1) 4.9 cm
55. The percentage errors in the measurement of mass and speed are 2% and 3% respectively. Maximum error in kinetic energy?
Step-by-Step Analysis:

KE = 12 mv 2 ​

%Error = %m + 2(%v) = 2% + 2(3%) = 8%.

Final Answer: (2) 8%
56. Error in the measurement of radius of a sphere is 1%. The error in the calculated value of its volume is:
Step-by-Step Analysis:

V = 43 πR3 ​

%Error in V = 3 × (%Error in R) = 3 × 1% = 3%.

Final Answer: (2) 3%
58. A body travels uniformly a distance of (13.8 ± 0.2) m in a time (4.0 ± 0.3) s. The velocity of the body within error limits is:
Step-by-Step Analysis:
13.8
v= 4.0 ​ = 3.45 m/s.
Δv Δd Δt 0.2 0.3
v ​ = d ​ + t ​ = 13.8 ​ + 4.0 ​ ≈ 0.0145 + 0.075 = 0.0895.
Absolute Error Δv = 0.0895 × 3.45 ≈ 0.31.
Rounding off to one significant digit for error → 0.3.
Final Answer: (2) (3.45 ± 0.3) ms−1
59. The percentage error in the above problem is:
Step-by-Step Analysis:

%Error = 0.0895 × 100 ≈ 8.95%. Options show 8.94% which is the exact unrounded propagation value (1.449% + 7.5%).
Final Answer: (3) 8.94%
b α cβ
60. A physical parameter a can be determined by... a = d γ eδ
. The maximum error is:
​

Step-by-Step Analysis:
For maximum relative error, all power multiples add up absolutely (no subtraction).

Error = (αb1 + βc1 + γd1 + δe1 )%.

​ ​ ​ ​

Final Answer: (4) (αb1 + βc1 + γd1 + δe1 )% ​ ​ ​ ​

61. The relative density of material... weight in air is 5.00 ± 0.05 N, weight in water is 4.00 ± 0.05 N. Relative density and % error?
Step-by-Step Analysis:
W 5.00
Relative Density (RD) = W −W air
= = 5.0.
​

5.00−4.00
​ ​

air water ​ ​

Loss of weight in water = 1.00 N. Max error in loss = 0.05 + 0.05 = 0.10 N.
0.05
%Error in Wair = ​

5.00 ​ × 100 = 1%.

0.10
%Error in Loss = 1.00
​ × 100 = 10%.
Total %Error = 1% + 10% = 11%.
Final Answer: (1) 5.0 ± 11%
62. The period of oscillation of a simple pendulum ... is 2.63 s, 2.56 s, 2.42 s, 2.71 s and 2.80 s. The average absolute error is:
Step-by-Step Analysis:

Mean Value = 2.63+2.56+2.42+2.71+2.80

5 ​ = 13.12
5 ​ = 2.624 → 2.62 s.
Absolute errors: ∣2.62 − 2.63∣ = 0.01, ∣2.62 − 2.56∣ = 0.06, ∣2.62 − 2.42∣ = 0.20, ∣2.62 − 2.71∣ = 0.09, ∣2.62 − 2.80∣ = 0.18.
0.01+0.06+0.20+0.09+0.18 0.54
Mean absolute error = 5
​
= 5
​
= 0.108 → 0.11 s.
Final Answer: (2) 0.11 s
63. Y = 4M gL
πD2 l . L = 2.820 m, M
​ = 3.00 kg, l = 0.087 cm, D = 0.041 cm. Maximum permissible error?
Step-by-Step Analysis:

Implied Absolute Errors: ΔL = 0.001, ΔM = 0.01, Δl = 0.001, ΔD = 0.001.

ΔM ΔL
%Error = M
​
%+ L
​
% + 2 ΔD
D %+
​
Δl
l %
​

= ( 0.01 0.001 0.001 0.001

3.00 × 100) + ( 2.820 × 100) + 2( 0.041 × 100) + ( 0.087 × 100)
​ ​ ​ ​

≈ 0.33% + 0.035% + 4.878% + 1.149% = 6.392% → 6.50% (Closest given rounding option).
Final Answer: (3) 6.50%
64. If there is a positive error of 50% in the measurement of velocity, then the error in kinetic energy is:
Step-by-Step Analysis:

Error is large, so calculus approximation (dK/K = 2dv/v) fails. Use standard method.
vnew = v + 0.5v = 1.5v .
​

KEnew ∝ (1.5v)2 = 2.25v 2 .

​
 This is an increase of 1.25 or 125%.
Final Answer: (4) 125%