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BE 313 : TUTORIAL 1 – Steel Sections under tensile forces
EXAMPLE 1.1:
Calculate the net area Anet of the bolted section of the plate represented in Figure. Assume a plate
with thickness t and the remaining dimensions (in mm).
BE 313 : TUTORIAL 1 – Steel Sections under tensile forces
EXAMPLE 1.2:
Consider the chord AB of the steel truss, indicated in the Figure, assuming it is submitted to a design
tensile axial force of N = 220 kN. The cross section consists of two angles of equal legs, in steel grade S
235. Design chord AB assuming the bolted connection shown.
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BE 313 : TUTORIAL 1 – Steel Sections under tensile forces
EXAMPLE 1.3:
The Figure represents a lattice girder in steel grade S 275, supporting a reinforced concrete floor. The loading, applied on
the floor and transmitted to the truss as concentrated loads applied in the nodes, is defined by the following distributed
loads. Permanent action on the floor = 5.75 kN/m2; Variable action on the floor = 4.0 kN/m2
The distance between lattice girders is 3.0 m; the nodes of the truss are braced in the perpendicular direction to the plane of the structure;
the loading already includes the self weight of the steel truss. Design the tension members of the truss, assuming Square hollow sections
(SHS), and welded connections for the members of the structure.
BE 313 : TUTORIAL 2 – Steel Sections under compressive forces
EXAMPLE 2.1:
Classify the cross sections of Figure below (dimensions in mm), according to EC3-1-1.
The UB 305 x 102 x 33 in steel grade S235 is subjected to (a) bending and (b) compression;
while the SHS is in grade S275 subjected only to compression.
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BE 313 : TUTORIAL 2 – Steel Sections under compressive forces
EXAMPLE 2.2:
A welded I-section beam comprising two 650 x 25 mm plates and one 1500 x 10mm
web plate of grade S 275 steel as shown.
B = 650 mm
tf = 25 mm
H = 1550 mm
tw = 10 mm
tweld = 6mm
a) Classify the flanges and web of the I-section as per EC3
b) Classify the I-section
BE 313 : TUTORIAL 2 – Steel Sections under compressive forces
EXAMPLE 2.3:
A member is to be designed to carry combined bending moment and axial force. Show
that the cross-section classification for the 406 x 178 x 54 UB in grade 275 steel is
a) Flange : Class 1 and web class 4 under pure compression
b) Flange : class 1 and web class 2 under combined loading
Assume α = 0.7
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BE 313 : TUTORIAL 2 – Steel Sections under compressive forces
EXAMPLE 2.4:
Check the suitability of the 203 x 203 x 60 kg/m UC section in S 275 steel to resist a
design axial compression force of 1400 kN. Assume the column is pinned at both ends
and that its height is 6m.
BE 313 : TUTORIAL 2 – Steel Sections under compressive forces
EXAMPLE 2.5:
Select a suitable column section in S 275 steel to support the ultimate loads from
beams A and B shown below. The column is 7m long and is effectively held in position
at both ends but only restrained in direction at the bottom.
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BE 313 : TUTORIAL 2 – Steel Sections under compressive forces
EXAMPLE 2.6:
Design the column BD of the steel structure represented, using a UC cross section in S 355 steel,
according to EC3 1 .1. The Column is Fixed at the Base and hinged at section B (with Respect to the two
principal axis of the cross section). Cross section B is fixed in both horizontal directions, in the plane of
the structure (due to the beam itself) and in the perpendicular plane (because of secondary bracing
members). Loading is already factored for ULS.
BE 313 : TUTORIAL 2 – Steel Sections under compressive forces
EXAMPLE 2.7:
A compression member AB of grade S 235 is simply supported about the major axis and minor axis at
each end. (i.e. Lcr,y = 6.0m and Lcr,z = 6.0m). Check the adequacy of the member if the steel section is
457 x 191 x 89 UB for a factored design axial load of 550 kN.
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BE 313 : TUTORIAL 2 – Steel Sections under compressive forces
EXAMPLE 2.8:
A six-storey building is to be built. It is braced against side sway
and all joints are pinned. The floor consists of a 150mm deep
steel composite slab with a profiled metal decking. The decking
is 1.2mm thick and 80mm deep. The weight of the sheeting is
0.14kN/m2 and that of wet concrete is 2.5 kN/m2. the other
permanent actions include self weight of ceiling and services as
0.2 kN/m2. the variable actions consist of imposed floor load as
5kN/m2 and moveable partitions 0.8 kN/m2. the column height
at each storey is 4m. Using steel grade S 275, identify and
design the most critical compressive member.
BE 313 : TUTORIAL 3 – Steel Sections under flexural bending
EXAMPLE 3.1:
The beam represented below, with a length L = 6.0 m, is laterally restrained along its length by a floor.
Assume a design load for the ultimate limit state comprising two concentrated loads P = 70.0 kN, as
indicated. Design the beam using a UB in grade S 235 steel, according to EC3-1-1. Verify also the
serviceability limit state of deformation for a characteristic combination δmax ≤ L/300 and assuming
that the 70.0 kN loads were factored for the ultimate limit state with a factor of 1.5. The beam-column
joints, with web cleats, may be assumed as pinned.
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BE 313 : TUTORIAL 3 – Steel Sections under flexural bending
EXAMPLE 3.3:
The beam represented is subjected to a vertical concentrated load of 20.0 kN and a horizontal concentrated load of
6.0 kN, both already factored. Both loads are applied at the free end of the cantilever. Assuming that the deformation
is not critical, design the cantilever beam using a rectangular hollow section in grade S 275 steel, considering a) plastic
design and b) elastic design.
BE 313 : TUTORIAL 3 – Steel Sections under flexural bending
EXAMPLE 3.4:
Check the suitability of a UB 356 x 171 x 51 kg/m section in S 375 steel loaded by uniformly distributed loading as shown
below. Assume that the beam is fully laterally restrained and that the beam sits on 100 mm bearings at each end.
Ignore the self weight of the beam.
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BE 313 : TUTORIAL 3 – Steel Sections under flexural bending
EXAMPLE 3.5:
Select and check a suitable beam section using S 235 steel to support the loads shown below. Assume the beam is
fully laterally restrained and that it sits on 125 mm bearings at each end.
BE 313 : TUTORIAL 3 – Steel Sections under flexural bending
EXAMPLE 3.6:
A cantilever beam is needed to resist the loading shown below. Select a suitable UB section in S 375 steel to satisfy
bending and shear criteria only assuming full lateral restraint.
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BE 313 : TUTORIAL 3 – Steel Sections under flexural bending
EXAMPLE 3.7:
A simply supported beam spanning 6.5m is fully restrained along its length and has stiff bearing of 50mm at the
supports and 75mm under the point load acting at its mid span. Design the beam in S 275 steel for the following
actions
Permanent Actions
o UDL (including self weight) G1 = 15 kN/m
o Point Load G2 = 40 kN (at mid span)
Variable Actions
o UDL Q1 = 30 kN/m
o Point load (at mid span) Q2 = 50 kN.
BE 313 : TUTORIAL 3 – Steel Sections under flexural bending
EXAMPLE 3.8:
Design a purlin on a sloping roof truss of 20o with permanent actions of 0.15 kN/m2 (including cladding and insulation)
and variable actions of 2 kN/m2. The purlins are 2m centre to centre and span 4m, simply supported on rafters as
shown in the figure. Compare use of channel sections and angle sections.