MwYZ Zvi Kv‡QB cÖK…Z †mŠ›`h© mnKv‡i aiv †`q,

†h weï× gb I fv‡jvevmv wb‡q MwY‡Zi w`‡K AMÖmi nq|

.........................................................................AvwK©wgwWm

Student’s Profile
Name:
Institute:
Class: Shift:
Section: Roll/ID:
Address:

Written By
Md. Jakirul Islam
BSc (Hons), MSc (Mathematics)
Government Azizul Haque College, Bogura.
 wk‡ivbvg c„ôv bs
c¨vUvb© m¤úwK©Z m~Îvejx 3
gybvdv m¤úwK©Z m~Îvejx 3
fMœvs‡ki [Link].¸ I [Link].¸ m¤úwK©Z m~Îvewj 3
cwigvc m¤úwK©Z m~Îvejx 4
ev¯Íe msL¨v m¤úwK©Z m~Îvejx 7
‡mU m¤úwK©Z m~Îvejx 7
exRMvwYwZK ivwk m¤úwK©Z m~Îvejx 11
m~PK I jMvwi`g m¤úwK©Z m~Îvejx 14
w·KvYwgwZK AbycvZ m¤úwK©Z m~Îvejx 15
exRMwYZxq AbycvZ I mgvbycvZ m¤úwK©Z m~Îvejx 20
`yB PjKwewkó mij mnmgxKi‡Yi m¤úwK©Z m~Îvejx 21
mmxg aviv m¤úwK©Z m~Îvejx 23
wØc`x we¯Í…wZ m¤úwK©Z m~Îvejx 24
¯’vbv¼ R¨vwgwZ m¤úwK©Z m~Îvejx 25
GK PjK wewkó wØNvZ mgxKi‡Yi m~Îvejx 26
cwiwgwZ m¤úwK©Z m~Îvejx 26
cwimsL¨vb m¤úwK©Z m~Îvejx 31

Page 2
 c¨vUvb© m¤úwK©Z m~Îvejx
প্রথম সংখ্যা + শেষ সংখ্যা × পদ সংখ্যা
1. ¯^vfvweK µwgK msL¨vi †hvMdj =
২
2. ÔKÕ msL¨K µwgK ¯^vfvweK we‡Rvo msL¨vi †hvMdj = (K) 2
3. ÔKÕ msL¨K µwgK ¯^vfvweK ‡Rvo msL¨vi †hvMdj = K (K+1)
ক ক2 +১
4. ÔKÕ µ‡gi g¨vwRK msL¨v =
২
5. exRMvwYZxK ivwk wbY©‡qi m~Î = 1g c`+(K - 1)×cÖwZ c‡`i cv_©K¨

gybvdv m¤úwK©Z m~Îvejx

mij gybvdv I, g~jab ev Avmj P, gybvdvi nvi r, mgq n, Ges gybvdv Avmj A
nq Zvn‡j,
1. gybvdv = Avmj × gybvdvi nvi × mgq A_©vr I = Prn
2. Avmj = (gybvdv × 100) ÷ (gybvdvi nvi × mgq)
3. gybvdvi nvi = (gybvdv × 100) ÷ (Avmj × mgq)
4. mgq = (gybvdv × 100) ÷ (Avmj × gybvdvi nvi)
5. gybvdv Avmj = gybvdv + Avmj A_©vr A = I + P
Avevi, Pµe„w× gybvdvi †ÿ‡Î Pµe„w× g~jab C,
1. Pµe„w× g~jab, C = P(1+r)n
2. Pµe„w× gybvdv = Pµe„w× g~jab Ñ cÖv_wgK g~jab
= C − P = P(1+r)n – P

fMœvs‡ki [Link].¸ I [Link].¸ m¤úwK©Z m~Îvewj

*fMœvs‡ki [Link].¸ = jemg~‡ni [Link].¸ ÷ nimg~‡ni [Link].¸
*fMœvs‡ki [Link].¸ = jemg~‡ni [Link].¸ ÷ nimg~‡ni [Link].¸
*`yBwU msL¨vi ¸Ydj = msL¨v؇qi [Link].¸ × msL¨v؇qi [Link].¸
*1g msL¨v × 2q msL¨v = msL¨v؇qi [Link].¸ × msL¨v؇qi [Link].¸

Page 3
 cwigvc m¤úwK©Z m~Îvejx
∎1. ‰`N©¨ cwigv‡ci GKK m¤úwK©Z m~Îvejx:
†gwUªK c×wZ weªwUk c×wZ
10 wgwjwgUvi = 1 †mw›UwgUvi 12 Bw = 1 dzU
10 †mw›UwgUvi = 1 †WwmwgUvi 3 dzU = 1 MR
10 †WwmwgUvi = 1 wgUvi 1760 MR = 1 gvBj
10 wgUvi = 1 †WKvwgUvi 6080 dzU = 1 bwU‡Kj gvBj
10 ‡WKvwgUvi = 1 ‡n‡±vwgUvi 220 MR = 1 dvj©s
10 †n‡±vwgUvi = 1 wK‡jvwgUvi 8 dvj©s = 1 gvBj
*1 wK‡jvwgUvi = 1000 wgUvi 1 wgUvi = 1000 wgwjwgUvi
*1 wgUvi = 100 †mw›UwgUvi ‣`N©¨ cwigv‡ci g~j GKK t wgUvi

∎2. IRb cwigv‡ci †gwUªK GKK m¤úwK©Z m~Îvejx:

10 wgwjMÖvg = 1 †mw›UMÖvg 1 wK‡jvMÖvg = 1000 MÖvg
10 †mw›UMÖvg = 1 †WwmMÖvg 1 MÖvg = 100 †mw›UMÖvg
10 †WwmMÖvg = 1 MÖvg 1 MÖvg = 1000 wgwjMÖvg
10 MÖvg = 1 †WKvMÖvg 1 KzB›Uvj = 100 wK‡jvMÖvg
10 ‡WKvMÖvg = 1 ‡n‡±vMÖvg 1 †gwUªK Ub = 1000 wK‡jvMÖvg
10 †n‡±vMÖvg = 1 wK‡jvMÖvg IRb cwigv‡ci g~j GKK t MÖvg

∎3. Zij c`v‡_©i AvqZb cwigv‡ci †gwUªK GKK m¤úwK©Z m~Îvejx:

10 wgwjwjUvi = 1 †mw›UwjUvi 1 wK‡jvwjUvi = 1000 wjUvi
10 †mw›UwjUvi = 1 †WwmwjUvi 1 wjUvi = 100 †mw›UwjUvi
10 †WwmwjUvi = 1 wjUvi 1 wjUvi = 1000 wgwjwjUvi
10 wjUvi = 1 †WKvwjUvi 1 wjUvi = 1000 Nb †mw›UwgUvi
10 ‡WKvwjUvi = 1 ‡n‡±vwjUvi Zij c`v_© AvqZb cwigv‡ci g~j
10 †n‡±vwjUvi = 1 wK‡jvwjUvi GK‡Ki bvg: wjUvi

Page 4
∎4. ‡ÿÎdj cwigv‡ci ‡gwUªK I weªwUk GKKvewji m~Îvejx:
1 eM©‡[Link]. = 0.16 eM©Bw (cÖvq)
1 †n±i = 2.47 GKi (cÖvq)
1 eM©wgUvi = 10.76 eM©dzU (cÖvq)
1 eM©MR = 0.84 eM©wg. (cÖvq)
1 eM©Bw = 6.45 eM©‡[Link]. (cÖvq)
1 eM©gvBj = 640 GKi
1 eM©dzU = 929 eM© ‡[Link]. (cÖvq)

∎5. ‰`N©¨ cwigv‡ci †gwUªK I weªwUk cwigv‡ci m~Îvejx:

1 Bw = 2.54 †mw›UwgUvi (cÖvq)
1 wgUvi = 39.37 Bw (cÖvq)
1 MR = 0.9144 wgUvi (cÖvq)
1 [Link]. = 0.62 gvBj (cÖvq)
1 gvBj = 1.61 wK‡jvwgUvi (cÖvq)

∎6. ‡ÿÎdj cwigv‡ci weªwUk GKK m¤úwK©Z m~Îvejx :

weªwUk GKK ‡`kxq GKK
144 eM©Bw = 1 eM©dzU 1 eM©nvZ = 1 MÛv
9 eM©dyU = 1 eM©MR 20 MÛv = 1 QUvK
4840 eM©MR = 1 GKi 16 QUvK = 1 KvVv
100 kZK (†Wwmgj) = 1 GKi 20 KvVv = 1 weNv

∎7. ‡ÿÎdj cwigv‡ci †gwUªK GKK m¤úwK©Z m~Îvejx :

100 eM© †[Link]. = 1 eM©‡[Link].
100 Gqi = 1 †n±i
100 eM©‡WwmwgUvi = 1 eM©wgUvi
100 eM© ‡n‡±vwg. = 1 eM© [Link].
100 eM©wgUvi = 1 Gqi
†ÿÎdj cwigv‡ci g~j GKK =
1 Gqi = 1 eM©‡WKvwg.
eM©wgUvi
1 †n±i = 1 eM©‡n‡±vwgUvi

∎8. AvqZb cwigv‡ci †gwUªK GKK m¤úwK©Z m~Îvejx :

1000 Nb †[Link]. = 1 Nb ‡[Link]. 10 Nb †÷qi = 1 †WKv †÷qi
1000 Nb ‡[Link]. = 1 Nb wgUvi 1 Nb †[Link].([Link].) = 1 [Link].
1 Nb wgUvi = 1 †÷qi 1 Nb Bw = 16.39 [Link]. (cÖvq)

Page 5
∎9. AvqZb cwigv‡ci †gwUªK I weªwUk GKKvewji m¤úK© :
1 †÷qi = 35.3 NbdzU (cÖvq)
1 †WKv‡÷qi = 13.08 NbMR (cÖvq)
1 NbdzU = 28.67 wjUvi (cÖvq)

∎10. ‡ÿÎdj cwigv‡ci ‡gwUªK, weªwUk I †`kxq GKKvewji m¤úK©:

1 eM©nvZ = 324 eM©BwÂ
1 eM©MR ev 4 MÛv = 9 eM©dzU = 0.836 eM©wgUvi
1 KvVv = 720 eM©dzU = 80 eM©MR = 66.89 eM©wgUvi
1 weNv = 1600 eM©MR = 1337.8 eM©wgUvi (cÖvq)
1 GKi = 3 weNv 8 QUvK = 4046.86 eM©wgUvi (cÖvq)
1 kZK = 435.6 eM©dzU = 1000 eM©Kwo
1 eM©gvBj = 1936 weNv
1 eM©wgUvi = 4.78 MÛv (cÖvq) = 0.239 QUvK (cÖvq)
1 Gqi = 23.9 QUvK (cÖvq)

∎11. AvqZ‡ÿÎ, eM©‡ÿÎ I wÎf‚R m¤úwK©Z m~Îvejx :

1. AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj = (‣`N©¨ × cÖ¯’) eM© GKK
2. AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi cwimxgv = 2 (‣`N©¨ + cÖ¯’) GKK
3. AvqZvKvi e¯‘i AvqZb = (•`N©¨ × cÖ¯’ × D”PZv) Nb GKK
4. eM©‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj = (evûi •`N©¨)2 eM© GKK
5. eM©‡ÿ‡Îi cwimxgv = (4 × evûi •`N©¨) GKK
1
6. wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj = ( × fzwg × D”PZv) eM© GKK
2
7. wÎfz‡Ri cwimxgv = (wZb evûi mgwó) GKK

∎12. Zij c`v_© m¤úwK©Z m~Îvejx :

1. 1 Nb ‡[Link]. weï× cvwbi IRb 1 MÖvg
2. 1 wjUvi weï× cvwbi IRb 1 wK‡jvMÖvg
3. 1 NbwgUvi weï× cvwbi IRb 1000 wK‡jvMÖvg
4. 1 wjUvi = 1000 Nb †[Link]. Ges 1 Nbwg. = 1000 wjUvi

Page 6
 ev¯Íe msL¨v m¤úwK©Z m~Îvejx
1. N = mKj ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi †mU (abvZ¥K)
2. Z = mKj c~Y©msL¨vi †mU (abvZ¥K + FYvZ¥K + k~Y¨)
p
3. Q = mKj g~j` msL¨vi †mU = q
: p, q ∈ z এবং q ≠ 0
4. R = mKj g~j` I Ag~j` msL¨vi †mU = ev¯Íe msL¨vi †mU
5. N ⊂ Z Ges N ⊂ Q Ges N ⊂ Z ⊂ Q ⊂ R
a যখন a > 0
6. a Gi cig gvb a †hLv‡b, a = −a যখন a < 0
0 যখন a = 0
7. a ∈ R, b ∈ R n‡j, i a + b ∈ R ii ab ∈ R
iii a + b = b + a iv ab = ba
8. a, b, c ∈ R n‡j, i a b + c = ab + ac Ges
ii a < 𝑏 n‡j, a + c < 𝑏 + 𝑐
9. a, b, c ∈ R Ges a < 𝑏 n‡j, i ac < 𝑏𝑐 (hLb c > 0)
ii ac > 𝑏𝑐 (hLb c < 0)

‡mU m¤úwK©Z m~Îvejx

∎1. ‡m‡Ui cÖZxK:
e¨eüZ e¨eüZ
wP‡ýi bvg (evsjvq) wP‡ýi bvg (evsjvq)
cÖZxK cÖZxK
⊆ Dc‡mU : ‡hb ev Such that
⊈ Dc‡mU bq U mvwe©K †mU
⊂ cÖK…Z Dc‡mU ∪ ms‡hvM †mU (Kvc)
⊄ cÖK…Z Dc‡mU bq ∩ ‡Q` †mU (†Kc)
∅ ev {} duvKv †mU A ev A′
c
A †m‡Ui c~iK †mU
‡m‡Ui m`m¨
∈ (Gwj‡g›U/GdmvBjb) ∖ ‡m‡Ui AšÍi

‡m‡Ui m`m¨ bq
∉ (bU Gwj‡g›U/ bU GdmvBjb) ∽ mgZzj

Page 7
∎2. ms‡hvM †mU ∪ (Kvc):
g‡b Kwi, A I B †h‡Kv‡bv `yBwU †mU| A I B †m‡Ui mKj Dcv`vb wb‡q
MwVZ †mU‡K A I B †m‡Ui ms‡hvM †mU e‡j| myZivs A I B Gi ms‡hvM
†mU nj A ∪ B|
hw` A = {1,3,4,6} Ges B = {2,4,5} nq Zvn‡j,
A ∪ B = 1,3,4,6 ∪ 2,4,5
= {1,2,3,4,5,6}

∎3. ‡Q` ‡mU ∩ (†Kc):

g‡b Kwi, A I B †h‡Kv‡bv `yBwU †mU| A I B †m‡Ui mvaviY Dcv`vb
wb‡q MwVZ †mU‡K A I B †m‡Ui ‡Q` †mU e‡j| myZivs A I B Gi ‡Q`
†mU nj A ∩ B|
hw` A = 1,3,4,6 Ges B = 2,4,5 nq Zvn‡j,
A ∩ B = 1,3,4,6 ∩ 2,4,5
= {4}

∎4. Dc‡mU:
g‡b Kwi, A I B †h‡Kv‡bv `yBwU †mU| hw` A †m‡Ui mKj m`m¨ B †m‡Ui
m`m¨ nq, Z‡e A †K B Gi Dc‡mU ejv nq Ges A ⊂ B wj‡L Zv cÖKvk
Kiv nq| ‡Kv‡bv †m‡Ui Dc‡m‡Ui msL¨v 2n Ges cÖK…Z Dc‡m‡Ui msL¨v
2n − 1 †K mg_©b K‡i|
g‡b Kwi, A = {2,4,5} Ges B = {1,2,3,4,5}
∵ GLv‡b A ‡m‡Ui mKj m`m¨ B †m‡Ui m`m¨|
∴ A †mU B †m‡Ui Dc‡mU A_©vr A ⊂ B.
Avevi, g‡b Kwi, A = {1,2,6} Ges B = {1,2,3,4,5}
∵ GLv‡b A ‡m‡Ui mKj m`m¨ B †m‡Ui m`m¨ bq|
∴ A †mU B †m‡Ui Dc‡mU bq A_©vr A ⊄ B
Page 8
∎5. c~iK †mU:
mvwe©K ‡mU n‡Z †h †Kvb †m‡Ui we‡qvMdj‡K H †m‡Ui c~iK †mU ejv
nq| GLv‡b A †m‡Ui c~iK †mU‡K Aˊ A_ev Ac Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq|
A_©vr A †m‡Ui c~iK †mU, Aˊ = U − A|
hw` U = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9} Ges A = {2,4,6,8} nq Zvn‡j,
Aˊ = U − A
= 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 − 2,4,6,8
= {1,3,5,7,9}

∎6. kw³ †mU ev cvIqvi †mU:

‡Kv‡bv †mU A Gi mKj Dc‡m‡Ui †mU‡K A Gi kw³ †mU ev cvIqvi †mU
ejv nq Ges G‡K P A Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq|
g‡b Kwi, A = 1,2,3
∴ P A = {∅, {1}, {2}, {3}, {1,2}, {1,3}, {2,3}, {1,2,3}
GLv‡b P A Gi Dcv`vb¸‡jv cÖ‡Z¨‡KB A †m‡Ui Dc‡mU Ges P A
Gi Dcv`vb¸‡jv 2n m~·K mg_©b K‡i| †hLv‡b n Gi gvb
1,2,3,4,5, … …..................n‡q _v‡K|

∎7. Kv‡Z©mxq ¸YR:

g‡b Kwi, A I B †h‡Kv‡bv `yBwU †mU| A I B †m‡Ui mKj µg‡Rv‡oi †mUB
nj Kv‡Z©mxq ¸YR|
myZivs A I B Kv‡Z©mxq ¸Y‡Ri †mU nj A × B.
∴ A × B = { x, y : x ∈ A, y ∈ B}
hw` A = {p, q, r}, B = {m, n} nq Zvn‡j,
A × B = p, q, r × m, n
= { p, m , p, n , q, m , q, n , r, m , r, n }

Page 9
∎8. †fbwPÎ:
`yB ev Z‡ZvwaK †m‡Ui ga¨Kvi m¤úK© †h wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ cÖKvk Kiv nq Zv‡K
†fbwPÎ e‡j| wb‡P K‡qKwU ‡fbwPÎ †`Lv‡bv n‡jv --

Mvp Ask A ∪ B Mvp Ask A ∩ B Mvp Ask A − B Mvp Ask B − A

Mvp Ask A′ Mvp Ask B′ Mvp Ask A ∪ B ′

Mvp Ask A ∩ B ′

Mvp Ask Mvp Ask Mvp Ask Mvp Ask

′
A∪B∪C A∪B∪C A∩B∩C (B ∩ C)\(A ∩ B ∩ C)

Mvp Ask Mvp Ask Mvp Ask

B ∩ C′ [ A ∩ B ∪ B ∩ C ∪ A ∩ C ]\(A ∩ B ∩ C) A ∩ B ∪ B ∩ C ∪ A ∩ C

Mvp Ask Mvp Ask

A∪B∪C \ A∩B ∪ B∩C ∪ A∩C U\ A ∩ B ∪ B ∩ C ∪ A ∩ C

Page 10
 exRMvwYwZK ivwk m¤úwK©Z m~Îvejx
∎1. eM© wbY©‡qi m~Îvejx:
1. a + b 2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
2. a − b 2 = a2 − 2ab + b2
3. a + b + c 2 = a2 + b2 + c 2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca

∎2. Nb wbY©‡qi m~Îvejx:

1. a + b 3 = a3 + 3a2 b + 3ab2 + b3
2. a − b 3 = a3 − 3a2 b + 3ab2 − b3
3. a + b + c 3 = a3 + b3 + c 3 + 3a2 b + 3ab2 + 3a2 c +
3ac 2 + 3b2 c + 3bc 2 + 6abc

∎3. gvb wbY©‡qi m~Îvejx:

1. a + b 2 = a − b 2 + 4ab
2. a − b 2 = a + b 2 − 4ab
3. a2 + b2 = a + b 2 − 2ab
4. a2 + b2 = a − b 2 + 2ab
a+b 2 + a−b 2
5. a2 + b2 =
2
6. 2 a + b = a + b 2 + a − b
2 2 2

7. 4ab = a + b 2 − a − b 2
a+b 2 a−b 2
8. ab = −
2 2
3 3 3
9. a + b = a + b − 3ab a + b
10. a3 − b3 = a − b 3 + 3ab a − b
11. a + b + c 2 = a2 + b2 + c 2 + 2 ab + bc + ca
12. a2 + b2 + c 2 = a + b + c 2 − 2 ab + bc + ca
13. 2 ab + bc + ca = a + b + c 2 − a2 + b2 + c 2

Page 11
∎4. Drcv`‡K we‡køl‡Yi m~Îvejx:
1. a2 − b2 = a+b a−b
2. a + b 2 = a+b a+b
3. a − b 2 = a−b a−b
4. a + b 3 = a+b a+b a+b
5. a − b 3 = a−b a−b a−b
6. a3 + b3 = a+b a2 − ab + b2
7. a3 − b3 = a−b a2 + ab + b2

∎5. mijxKi‡Yi m~Îvejx:

3
1. a+b = a3 + b3 + 3ab a + b
3
2. a−b = a3 − b3 − 3ab a − b

∎6. ¸Ydj wbY©‡qi m~Îvejx:

1. x+a x+b = x2 + a+b x + ab
2. x−a x−b = x2 − a+b x + ab
3. x+a x−b = x2 + a−b x − ab
4. x−a x+b = x2 − a−b x − ab

∎7.D”PZi exRMvwYZxK ivwki m~Îvejxt

1. (a+b+c)3 = a3+b3+c3+3(a+b) (b+c) (c+a)
2. a3+b3+c3- 3abc = (a+b+c) (a2 + b2 + c2 - ab - bc - ca)
1
3. a3+b3+c3-3abc = (a+b+c){(a-b)2 + (b-c)2 + (c-a)2}
2
4. bc(b-c) + ca(c-a) + ab(a-b) = - (b-c) (c-a) (a-b)
5. a2(b-c) + b2(c-a) + c2(a-b) = -(b-c) (c-a) (a-b)
6. a(b2-c2) + b(c2-a2) + c(a2-b2) = (b-c) (c-a) (a-b)
7. a3(b-c) + b3(c-a) + c3(a-b) = -(b-c) (c-a) (a-b) (a+b+c)
8. b2 c2 (b2 - c2) + c2 a2 (c2 - a2) + a2 b2 (a2 - b2)
= - (b2 - c2) (c2 - a2) (a2 - b2)
9. (ab+bc+ca) (a+b+c) - abc = (a+b) (b+c) (c+a)
10. (b+c) (c+a) (a+b) + abc = (a+b+c) (ab+bc+ca)

Page 12
∎8. ev¯Íe mgm¨v mgvav‡bi m~Îvejx:
µ:bs m~Î cÖZxK¸‡jvi eY©bv/cwiPq
†`q ev cÖvc¨ welqK: q = RbcÖwZ †`q ev cÖvc¨ UvKvi cwigvY
1
‡`q ev cÖvc¨, A = qn Ges n = ‡jv‡Ki msL¨v
jvf-ÿwZ welqK: S = weµqg~j¨
S = C(I ± r) C = µqg~j¨
2
jv‡fi †ÿ‡Î, S = C(I + r) I = jvf ev gybvdv
ÿwZi †ÿ‡Î, S = C(I − r) r = jvf ev ÿwZi nvi
mgq I `~iZ¡ welqK: v = MwZ‡eM
3
wbw`©ó mg‡q `~iZ¡, d = vt t = ‡gvU mgq
q = cÖwZ GKK mg‡q Kv‡Ri †h Ask
mgq I KvR welqK:
m¤úbœ K‡i; *n = KvR m¤úv`bKvixi
K‡qKRb †jvK GKwU KvR m¤úbœ
4 msL¨v ; *x = Kv‡Ri †gvU mgq
Ki‡j Kv‡Ri cwigvY,
W = n R‡b x mg‡q Kv‡Ri †h Ask
W = qnx
m¤úbœ K‡i
bj I †PŠev”Pv welqK: Q t = t mg‡q †P․ev”Pvq cvwbi cwigvY
wbw`©ó mg‡q †P․ev”Pvi cvwbi cwigvY, Q 0 = b‡ji gyL Ly‡j †`Iqvi mgq
Q t = Q 0 ± qt †P․ev”Pvq Rgv cvwbi cwigvY|
5
(cvwb cÖ‡ek nIqvi k‡Z© Ô+Õ Ges q = cÖwZ GKK mg‡q bj w`‡q †h
cvwbi †ei nIqvi k‡Z© ÔÑÕ wPý cvwb cÖ‡ek K‡i/†ei nq|
e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e|) t = AwZµvšÍ mgq
kZKiv Ask welqK: b = ‡gvU ivwk r = kZKiv fMœvsk
6
p = br p = kZKiv Ask
wewb‡qvM-gybvdv welqK:
mij gybvdvi †ÿ‡Î,
I = n mgq c‡i gybvdv
 I = Prn P = g~jab n = wbw`©ó mgq
7  A = P + I = P + Prn
r = GKK mg‡q GKK g~ja‡bi gybvdv
= P(1 + nr)
Pµe„w× gybvdvi †ÿ‡Î, A = n mgq c‡i gybvdvmn g~jab
C= P 1+r n
 ‡¯ªv‡Zi AbyK‚‡j †bŠKvi †eM = †bŠKvi †eM + †¯ªv‡Zi †eM
 ‡¯ªv‡Zi cÖwZK‚‡j †bŠKvi †eM = †bŠKvi †eM Ñ †¯ªv‡Zi †eM

Page 13
 m~PK I jMvwi`g m¤úwK©Z m~Îvejx
∎1. m~PK mgvav‡bi m~Îvejx:
*[a ≠ 0, b ≠ 0 Ges m, n mKj c~Y© msL¨vi †m‡Ui GKwU Dcv`vb]
am a m am
∗ am . an = am+n ∗ = am−n ∗ =
an b bm
∗ (am )n = amn ∗ (am )n = (an )m ∗ (ab)m = a . bm m
1 1
∗ a0 = 1 ∗ a−1 = ∗ a−2 =
a a2
1 1 1
∗ a−n = ∗ =a ∗ =a 2
an a −1 a −2
1 1
1 3
∗ = an ∗ a = a2 ∗ a =a3
a −n
1 1 1
n 3
∗ a = an ∗ a2 = a ∗ a3 = a
1 m
n n
∗a = a n ∗ a = am n

∗ a > 0 Ges ax = ay n‡j, x = y

∗ x > 0 Ges ax = bx n‡j, a = b

∎2. jMvwi`g mgvav‡bi m~Îvejx:

*[a > 0 Ges a ≠ 0] n‡j,
∗ log a (xy) = log a x +log a y ∗ log a a = 1
x
∗ log a = log a x − log a y ∗ log a 1 = 0
y
∗ log a x = log b x + log a b ∗ log b a + log a b = 1
1 log b x
∗ log a b = ∗ log a x =
log b a log b a
n 1 2 1
∗ log a x = n log a x ∗ log a x = 2 log a x
∗ log x a = y n‡j, x y = a ∗ log a ax = x log a a

Page 14
 w·KvYwgwZK AbycvZ m¤úwK©Z m~Îvejx
∎ w·KvYwgwZK cÖv_wgK m~Îvejx:
1 1 1
sin θ = cos θ = tan θ =
cosec θ sec θ cot θ
1 1 1
cosec θ = sec θ = cot θ =
sin θ cos θ tan θ
sin θ cos θ
tan θ = cot θ =
cos θ sin θ
wc_v‡Mviv‡mi Dccv`¨ Abymv‡i, (AwZf~R)2 = (j¤^)2 + (f‚wg)2

∎ wc_v‡Mviv‡mi G Dccv`¨ Abymv‡i Avgiv wjL‡Z cvwi:

sin2θ + cos2θ = 1 sec2θ − tan2θ = 1 cosec2θ − cot2θ = 1

sin2θ = 1 − cos2θ sec2θ =1 + tan2θ cosec2θ = 1+cot2θ

cos2θ = 1 − Sin2θ tan2θ = sec2θ −1 cot2θ = cosec2θ −1

∎ mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡R j¤^, f‚wg I AwZfzR Abymv‡i w·KvYwgwZK AbycvZmg~n:

লম্ব ববপরীত বাহু অতিভূ জ
sin θ = cosec θ =
অতিভূ জ লম্ব ববপরীত বাহু

ভূ তম সবিবিত বাহু অতিভূ জ

cos θ = sec θ =
অতিভূ জ ভূ তম সবিবিত বাহু

লম্ব ববপরীত বাহু ভূ তম (সবিবিত বাহু)

tan θ = cot θ =
ভূ তম (সবিবিত বাহু) লম্ব ববপরীত বাহু

Page 15
∎ AbycvZ¸‡jv g‡b ivLvi Rb¨ wKQz mnR c×wZ Aej¤^b Kiv hvq| †hgb:
mvM‡i = sin θ
লম্ব ববপরীত বাহু
mvM‡i jeY Av‡Q jeY = j¤^ sin θ =
অতিভূ জ
Av‡Q = AwZf~R
Ke‡i = cos θ
ভূ তম সবিবিত বাহু
Ke‡i f‚Z Av‡Q f‚Z = f‚wg cos θ =
অতিভূ জ
Av‡Q = AwZf‚R
U¨viv = tan θ
লম্ব ববপরীত বাহু
U¨viv j¤^v f‚Z j¤^v = j¤^ tan θ =
ভূ তম (সবিবিত বাহু)
f‚Z = f‚wg

∎ wewfbœ †Kv‡Yi cwigv‡c w·KvYwgwZK AbycvZmg~‡ni gvbmg~n:

†KvY→
0° 30° 45° 60° 90°
AbycvZ ↓
1 1 3
sin 0 1
2 2 2
3 1 1
cos 1 0
2 2 2
1
tan 0 1 3 Ams½vwqZ
3
1
cot Ams½vwqZ 3 1 0
3
2
sec 1 2 2 Ams½vwqZ
3
2
cosec Ams½vwqZ 2 2 1
3

Page 16
 we‡kl `ªóe¨: sin θ , cos θ I tan θ Gi gvb Dëv‡j h_vµ‡g cosec θ , sec θ
I cot θ Gi gvb cvIqv hvq|
∎ 0, 1, 2, 3 Ges 4 msL¨v¸‡jvi cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡K 4 Øviv fvM K‡i fvMd‡ji eM©g~j
wb‡j h_vµ‡g sin 0° , sin 30° , sin 45° , sin 60° Ges sin 90° Gi gvb
cvIqv hvq|
∎ 4, 3, 2, 1 Ges 0 msL¨v¸‡jvi cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡K 4 Øviv fvM K‡i fvMd‡ji eM©g~j
wb‡j h_vµ‡g cos 0° , cos 30° , cos 45° , cos 60° Ges cos 90° Gi gvb
cvIqv hvq|
∎ 0, 1, 3 Ges 9 msL¨v¸‡jvi cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡K 3 Øviv fvM K‡i fvMd‡ji eM©g~j
wb‡j h_vµ‡g tan 0° , tan 30° , tan 45° Ges tan 60° Gi gvb cvIqv hvq|
Avi tan 90° Gi gvb Ams½vwqZ †_‡K hvq|
we‡kl `ªóe¨ : mvaviYZ θ Gi Rb¨ 0°, 30°, 45°, 60° I 90° Gi gvb †ekx
e¨envi nq|

∎ gvb wbY©‡qi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq w·KvYwgwZK m~Îvejx:

2q PZzf©vM 1g PZzf©vM

3q PZzf©vM 4_© PZzf©vM

∎ 60’’ ‡m‡KÛ = 1’ wgwbU; ∎ 60’ wgwbU = 1° wWwMÖ;

π ∁ 180 °
∎ 90° wWwMÖ = 1 mg‡KvY; ∎ 1° = ∎ 1∁ =
180 π
∎ DbœwZ †KvY = tan θ ∎ AebwZ †KvY = sin θ
∎ ‡Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© r,†K‡›`ª Pv‡ci †iwWqvb †KvY θ n‡j, Pv‡ci •`N©¨,
s = rθ GKK
∎ ‡KvY = n × 90° ± θ
∎ n we‡Rvo n‡j, sin θ ↔ cos θ, tan θ ↔ cot θ,
sec θ ↔ cosec θ

Page 17
 ∎ 1g PZzf©v‡M cÖ‡Z¨K †KvY abvZ¡K (+)
∎ 2q PZzf©v‡M sin θ I cosec θ abvZ¡K (+) Ges evwK¸‡jv FbvZ¡K (-)
∎ 3q PZzf©v‡M tan θ I cot θ abvZ¡K (+) Ges evwK¸‡jv FbvZ¡K (-)
∎ 4_© PZzf©v‡M cos θ I sec θ abvZ¡K (+) Ges evwK¸‡jv FbvZ¡K (-)

π
∎ −θ ‡Kv‡Yi w·KvYwgwZK AbycvZmg~n 0 < 𝜃 < 2

sin −θ = − sin θ cosec −θ = − cosec θ

cos −θ = cos θ sec −θ = sec θ
tan −θ = − tan θ cot −θ = − cot θ

π π
∎ − θ ‡Kv‡Yi w·KvYwgwZK AbycvZmg~n 0 < 𝜃 <
2 2
π π
sin − θ = cos θ cosec − θ = sec θ
2 2
π π
cos − θ = sin θ sec − θ = cosec θ
2 2
π π
tan − θ = cot θ cot − θ = tan θ
2 2

π π
∎ + θ ‡Kv‡Yi w·KvYwgwZK AbycvZmg~n 0 < 𝜃 <
2 2
π π
sin + θ = cos θ cosec + θ = sec θ
2 2
π π
cos + θ = − sin θ sec + θ = −cosec θ
2 2
π π
tan + θ = −cot θ cot + θ = −tan θ
2 2

π
∎ π − θ ‡Kv‡Yi w·KvYwgwZK AbycvZmg~n 0 < 𝜃 < 2

sin π − θ = sin θ cosec π − θ = cosec θ

cos π − θ = −cos θ sec π − θ = −sec θ
tan π − θ = − tan θ cot π − θ = − cot θ

Page 18
 π
∎ π + θ ‡Kv‡Yi w·KvYwgwZK AbycvZmg~n 0 < 𝜃 <
2

sin π + θ = −sin θ cosec π + θ = − cosec θ

cos π + θ = − cos θ sec π + θ = − sec θ
tan π + θ = tan θ cot π + θ = cot θ

3π π
∎ − θ ‡Kv‡Yi w·KvYwgwZK AbycvZmg~n 0 < 𝜃 <
2 2
3π 3π
sin − θ = −cos θ cosec − θ = − sec θ
2 2
3π 3π
cos − θ = −sin θ sec − θ = −cosec θ
2 2
3π 3π
tan − θ = cot θ cot − θ = tan θ
2 2
3π π
∎ + θ ‡Kv‡Yi w·KvYwgwZK AbycvZmg~n 0 < 𝜃 <
2 2

3π 3π
sin + θ = − cos θ cosec + θ = − sec θ
2 2
3π 3π
cos + θ = sin θ sec + θ = cosec θ
2 2
3π 3π
tan + θ = −cot θ cot + θ = − tan θ
2 2
π
∎ 2π − θ ‡Kv‡Yi w·KvYwgwZK AbycvZmg~n 0 < 𝜃 <
2

sin 2π − θ = −sin θ cosec 2π − θ = −cosec θ

cos 2π − θ = cos θ sec 2π − θ = sec θ
tan 2π − θ = −tan θ cot 2π − θ = − cot θ

Page 19
 π
∎ 2π + θ ‡Kv‡Yi w·KvYwgwZK AbycvZmg~n 0 < 𝜃 <
2

sin 2π + θ = sin θ cosec 2π + θ = cosec θ

cos 2π + θ = cos θ sec 2π + θ = sec θ
tan 2π + θ = tan θ cot 2π + θ = cot θ

exRMwYZxq AbycvZ I mgvbycvZ m¤úwK©Z m~Îvejx

1. a, b, c, d PviwU µwgK mgvbycvwZ ej‡Z †evSvq-
a c
a ⦂ b = c ⦂ d ev = ev bc = ad
b d
2. a, b, c wZbwU µwgK mgvbycvwZ ej‡Z †evSvq-
a b
a ⦂ b = b ⦂ c ev = ev b2 = ac
b c
3. a, b, c, d PviwU µwgK mgvbycvwZ n‡j, a ⦂ b = b ⦂ c = c ⦂ d
a c b d
4. = µwgK Gi e¨¯ÍKiY, =
b d a c
a c a b
5. = µwgK Gi GKvšÍKiY, =
b d c d
a c a+b c+d
6. = Gi †hvRb, =
b d b d
a c a−b c−d
7. = Gi we‡qvRb, =
b d b d
a c a+b c+d
8. = Gi †hvRb we‡qvRb, =
b d a−b c−d
a c e g
9. = d = f = h n‡j, cÖ‡Z¨KwU Abycv‡Zi gvb n‡e
b
a +c +e +g
b +d +f +h
Page 20
 `yB PjKwewkó mij mnmgxKi‡Yi m¤úwK©Z m~Îvejx
∎1. cÖwZ¯’vcb c×wZ:
∎ G c×wZ‡Z cÖ`Ë mgxKiY؇qi †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU †_‡K GKwU AÁvZ ivwki gvb
AciwU‡Z cÖwZ¯’vcb Kiv nq|
†hgbt 4x + y = 2 … … … … … … . 1
Ges 2x + 3y = −4 … … … … … (2)
Dc‡ii mgxKiY؇qi †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU †hgb (1) †_‡K †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU AÁvZ
ivwk †hgb, y Gi gvb †ei Ki‡j `uvovq, y = 2 − 4x.
GB y Gi gvb Aci mgxKiY †hgb (2) G cÖwZ¯’vcb K‡i x I y Gi gvb †ei
Kiv hvq|

∎2. Acbqb c×wZ:

∎ G cÖwµqvq †hvM ev we‡qvM K‡i `yBwU AÁvZ ivwki †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU‡K

AcmviY Ki‡Z nq| AÁvZ ivwk؇qi †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU‡K mgvb Kivi Rb¨
mgxKiY‡K †Kvb msL¨v Øviv ¸Y Ki‡Z nq| †hgbt
4𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2 … … … … … (1)
Ges 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = −4 … … … … … (2)
GB mgxKiY؇qi †ÿ‡Î (1) mgxKiY‡K 3 Øviv ¸Y Ki‡j Dfq mgxKi‡Yi 𝑦
Gi mnM mgvb nq|
Gici we‡qvM K‡i mn‡RB 𝑦 †K AcmviY Kiv hvq|
†hgbt 12𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 6
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = −4
(we‡qvM K‡i) 10𝑥 = 10
∴𝑥 = 1
GLb GB 𝑥 gvb 1 A_ev (2) bs mgxKi‡Y emv‡jB 𝑦 gvb cvIqv hv‡e|

Page 21
∎3. eRª¸Yb c×wZ:
a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 Ges a2x + b2y + c2 = 0
mgxKiY؇qi mgvav‡bi †ÿ‡Î eRª¸Yb m~ÎwU njt
𝑥 𝑦 1
= =
𝑏 1 𝑐 2 − 𝑏 2 𝑐 1 𝑐 1 𝑎 2 − 𝑐2 𝑎 1 𝑎 1 𝑏 2 − 𝑎 2 𝑏 1
𝑥 1
A_©vr, = …………… (1)
𝑏 1 𝑐 2 − 𝑏2 𝑐 1 𝑎 1 𝑏2 − 𝑎 2 𝑏 1
𝑦 1
Ges = …………… (2)
𝑐 1 𝑎 2 − 𝑐2 𝑎 1 𝑎 1 𝑏 2 − 𝑎 2 𝑏 1
(1) Ges (2) mgxKiYØq †_‡K mgvavb K‡i x I y Gi gvb cvIqv hvq|

∎4. ‡jLwP‡Îi gva¨‡g mgxKiY †Rv‡Ui mgvavb wbY©‡qi c×wZ:

‡jL AsKb K‡i `yBwU mgxKi‡Yi mgvavb wbY©‡qi avc¸‡jv wb¤œiæc:
∎ cÖ_‡g mgxKiYØq‡K 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 AvKv‡i cÖKvk Ki‡Z n‡e|
‡hgb: 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 = 𝑐 †K wb¤œiæ‡c cÖKvk Ki‡Z n‡e-
𝑐−𝑎𝑥
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 = 𝑐 ev, 𝑏𝑦 = 𝑐 − 𝑎 ∴ 𝑦 =
𝑏
cÖwZwU mgxKi‡Y 𝑥 Gi Kgc‡ÿ 3 wU myweavRbK gvb ewm‡q 𝑦 Gi Abyi~c gvbmg~n †ei
Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖvß 𝑥 I 𝑦 Gi gvbmg~n wb‡¤œv³ †Uwe‡j ¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e:
𝑥
𝑦
∎ cÖvß we›`y¸‡jv‡K QK KvM‡R ¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e|
∎ fMœvs‡ki RwUjZv cwinv‡ii Rb¨ QK KvM‡R we›`y¸‡jv ¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ myweavgZ
GK GKK‡K `yB Ni ev wZb Ni ev Pvi Ni a‡i wb‡Z n‡e|
∎ cÖ_g mgxKi‡Yi Rb¨ QK KvM‡R we›`y ¸‡jv‡K hy³ K‡i cÖ_g mgxKiY wb‡`©kK
mij‡iLvwU AsKb Ki‡Z n‡e|
∎ GKB fv‡e wØZxq mgxKiY wb‡`©kK mij ‡iLvwUI QK KvM‡R AsKb Ki‡Z
n‡e|
∎ cÖ`Ë mij‡iLv؇qi †Q` we›`yi fzR I †KvwU wbY©q Ki‡Z n‡e|
∎ wb‡Y©q fzR I †KvwUB cÖ`Ë mgxKiY †Rv‡Ui exR|
∎ AswKZ mij‡iLvØq mgvšÍivj n‡j, cÖ`Ë mgxKiY †Rv‡Ui †Kv‡bv mgvavb
†bB Ges mgxKiY †RvUwU A½wZc~Y©|

Page 22
 mmxg aviv m¤úwK©Z m~Îvejx
∎1. mgvšÍi avivi m~Îvejx:
GLv‡b, 𝑎 = cÖ_g c`, 𝑝 = †kl c`, 𝑑 =mvaviY AšÍi
1. mgvšÍi avivwU: 𝑎 + 𝑎 + 𝑑 + 𝑎 + 2𝑑 +..............
2. 𝑛 Zg c` = 𝑎 + 𝑛 − 1 𝑑
𝑛
3. 𝑛 msL¨K c‡`i mgwó, 𝑆𝑛 = 2𝑎 + 𝑛 − 1 𝑑
2
𝑛 𝑛+1
4. cÖ_g 𝑛 msL¨K ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi †hvMdj =
2
5. 1 + 3 + 5 + ⋯ + 𝑛 = 𝑛2
6. 2 + 4 + 6 +...........+𝑛 = 𝑛 𝑛 + 1

∎2. ¸‡YvËi avivi m~Îvejx:

GLv‡b 𝑎 = cÖ_g c`, 𝑟 = mvaviY AbycvZ
1. ¸‡YvËi avivwU: 𝑎 + 𝑎𝑟 + 𝑎𝑟 2 +.................
2. 𝑛 Zg c` = 𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1
𝑎 𝑟 𝑛 −1
3. 𝑛 msL¨K c‡`i mgwó, 𝑆𝑛 = ; hLb 𝑟 > 1
𝑟−1
𝑎 1−𝑟 𝑛
4. 𝑛 msL¨K c‡`i mgwó; 𝑆𝑛 = ; hLb 𝑟 < 1
1−𝑟
𝑛 𝑛+1
5. 1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + 𝑛 = 2
2 2 2 2 𝑛 𝑛+1 2𝑛+1
6. 1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + 𝑛 =
6
𝑛 𝑛+1 2
7. 13 + 23 + 33 + ⋯ + 𝑛3 =
2

∎3. Amxg ¸‡YvËi avivi m~Îvejx:

𝑎
Amxg ¸‡YvËi avivi mgwó, 𝑆∞ = hLb 𝑟 < 1
1−𝑟
hw` 𝑟 > 1 nq ZLb Amxg ¸‡YvËi avivi AmxgZK mgwó _v‡K bv|
10 𝑛 −1
Avevi, 1 + 10 + 102 + 103 + ...... + 10n + 10n+1 =
10−1

Page 23
 wØc`x we¯Í…wZ m¤úwK©Z m~Îvejx
∎1. wØc`x 𝟏 + 𝒚 𝒏 Gi we¯Í…wZ‡Z c¨vm‡K‡ji wÎfzR m~Î:
𝑛 Gi gvb c¨vm‡K‡ji wÎf~R c`msL¨v
𝑛=0 1 1
𝑛=1 1 1 2
𝑛 =2 1 2 1 3
𝑛 =3 1 3 3 1 4
𝑛 =4 1 4 6 4 1 5
𝑛 =5 1 5 10 10 5 1 6
0
A_©vr, 1 + 𝑦 =1
1
1+𝑦 =1 + 𝑦
2
1+𝑦 = 1 + 2𝑦 + 𝑦 2
3
1+𝑦 = 1 + 3𝑦 + 3𝑦 2 + 𝑦 3
4
1+𝑦 = 1 + 4𝑦 + 6𝑦 2 + 4𝑦 3 + 𝑦 4
5
1+𝑦 = 1 + 5𝑦 + 10𝑦 2 + 10𝑦 3 + 5𝑦 4 + 𝑦 5

𝒏
∎2. wØc`x 𝟏 + 𝒚 Gi we¯Í…wZ‡Z Ab¨vb¨ m~Îvejx:
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛−1 𝑛 𝑛−1 𝑛−2
1. 1+𝑦 = 1 + 𝑛𝑦 + 𝑦2 + 𝑦 3 +. . . +𝑦 𝑛
1.2 1.2.3

𝑛 𝑛𝑦 𝑛 𝑛−1 𝑦 2 𝑛 𝑛−1 𝑛−2 𝑦 3

2. 1+𝑦 =1+ + + + ⋯ + 𝑦𝑛
1! 2! 3!

𝑛 𝑛 0 𝑛 1 𝑛 2 𝑛 3 𝑛 𝑛
3. 1+𝑦 = 𝑦 + 𝑦 + 𝑦 + 𝑦 +. . . + 𝑦
0 1 2 3 𝑛
∎jÿYxq welq: Z…Zxq m~‡Î 𝑛 = 4 n‡j,
4 4 0 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4
1+𝑦 = 𝑦 + 𝑦 + 𝑦 + 𝑦 + 𝑦
0 1 2 3 4
4 4 4 4 4×3
= 1, = = 4, = = 6,
0 1 1 2 1×2
4 4×3×2 4 4×3×2×1
= = 4, = =1
3 1×2×3 4 1×2×3×4

Page 24
∎3.wØc`x 𝒙 + 𝒚 𝒏 Gi we¯Í…wZi m~Îvejxt
𝑛 𝑛−1 1 𝑛 𝑛−2 2
1. 𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑛 = 𝑥 𝑛 + 𝑥 𝑦 + 𝑥 𝑦 + ⋯ + 𝑦𝑛
1 2
2. 𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑛 = 𝑥 𝑛 + 𝑛𝑐1 𝑥 𝑛−1 𝑦1 + 𝑛𝑐2 𝑥 𝑛−2 𝑦 2 + ⋯ + 𝑛𝑐𝑛 𝑦 𝑛
𝑛 𝑛−1
3. 𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑛 = 𝑥 𝑛 + 𝑛𝑥 𝑛 −1 𝑦 1 + 𝑥 𝑛−2 𝑦 2 + ⋯ + 𝑦 𝑛
2!
∎jÿYxq welqt
𝑛 𝑛!
𝑟
= 𝑛𝑐𝑟 𝑛𝑐𝑛 = 1 𝑛𝑐 𝑟 =
𝑟!(𝑛−𝑟)!
𝑛 𝑛
0
= 𝑛𝑐0 = 1 0! = 1 𝑛
= 𝑛𝑐𝑛 = 1
𝑛! = 𝑛 𝑛 − 1 𝑛 − 2 𝑛 − 3 … … … … … … … 3.2.1

¯’vbv¼ R¨vwgwZ m¤úwK©Z m~Îvejx

hw` P(x1 , y1 ) Ges Q(x2 , y2 )GKB mgZ‡j Aew¯’Z `yBwU wfbœ we›`y nq
Zvn‡j, P we›`y n‡Z Q we›`yi `~iZ¡,
PQ = x2 − x1 2 + y2 − y1 2
Avevi, Q we›`y n‡Z P we›`yi `~iZ¡,
QP = x1 − x2 2 + y1 − y2 2
𝑥 1 +𝑦1 𝑥 2 +𝑦2
Avevi, P(x1 , y1 ) Ges Q(x2 , y2 ) ga¨we›`yi ¯’vbv¼, ,
2 2
y 2 −y 1
Avevi, Xvj, m =
x 2 −x 1
Avevi, mij‡iLvi mgxKiY y = mx + c
GLv‡b, 𝑐, 𝑦-A‡ÿi †Q`K Ges ‡Kv‡bv mij‡iLv Øviv x- A‡ÿi abvZ¡K w`‡Ki
mv‡_ Drcbœ †KvY θ I Xvj m Gi ga¨Kvi m¤úK©, m = tan θ
Avevi,
y−y 1 y 1 −y 2
PQ mij‡iLvi mgxKiY, =
x−x 1 x 1 −x 2
A_ev y − y1 = m x − x1
A_ev y − y2 = m x − x2
1 𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥3 𝑥4 … … 𝑥1
*‡Kv‡bv eûf‚‡Ri †ÿÎdj =
2 𝑦1 𝑦2 𝑦3 𝑦4 … … 𝑦1

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 GK PjK wewkó wØNvZ mgxKi‡Yi m~Îvejxt
GK PjK wewkó wØNvZ mgxKi‡Yi Av`k©iƒc 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 n‡j,
−𝑏± 𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑐
mgxKiYwUi mgvavb, 𝑥 =
2𝑎

−𝑏+ 𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑐 −𝑏− 𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑐

∴ 𝑥1 = Ges 𝑥2 =
2𝑎 2𝑎

cwiwgwZ m¤úwK©Z m~Îvejx

∎1. AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi m~Îvejx:
AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ‣`N©¨, 𝑎 GKK I cÖ¯’, 𝑏 GKK n‡j,
* †ÿÎdj, 𝐴 = 𝑎𝑏 eM© GKK
* cwimxgv, 𝑠 = 2(𝑎 + 𝑏) GKK
* KY©, 𝑑 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 GKK

∎2. eM©‡ÿ‡Îi m~Îvejx:

eM©‡ÿ‡Îi GK evûi •`N©¨ 𝑎 GKK n‡j,
* †ÿÎdj, 𝐴 = 𝑎2 eM© GKK
* cwimxgv, 𝑠 = 4𝑎 GKK
* KY©, 𝑑 = 𝑎 2 GKK

∎3. UªvwcwRqv‡gi m~Îvejx:

UªvwcwRqv‡gi mgvšÍivj evûØq 𝑎, 𝑏 GKK I D”PZv ℎ GKK n‡j,
1
* †ÿÎdj, 𝐴 = 2
ℎ(𝑎 + 𝑏) eM© GKK

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∎4. i¤^‡mi m~Îvejx:
i¤^‡mi cÖwZwU evnyi •`N©¨, 𝑎 GKK Ges D”PZv, ℎ GKK n‡j,
* cwimxgv, 𝑠 = 4𝑎 GKK
* †ÿÎdj, 𝐴 = 𝑎ℎ eM© GKK
i¤^‡mi `yBwU K‡Y©i •`N©¨, 𝑑1 I 𝑑2 GKK n‡j,
1
* †ÿÎdj, 𝐴 = 2 𝑑1 × 𝑑2 eM© GKK
i¤^‡mi cÖwZwU evnyi •`N©¨, 𝑎 GKK I AšÍfz©³ †KvY, 𝜃 n‡j,
* †ÿÎdj, 𝐴 = 𝑎2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 eM© GKK

∎5. mvgvšÍwi‡Ki m~Îvejx:

mvgvšÍwi‡Ki f~wg, 𝑎 GKK I D”PZv, ℎ GKK n‡j,
*†ÿÎdj, 𝐴 = 𝑎ℎ eM© GKK
mvgvšÍwi‡Ki `yBwU mwbœwnZ evû 𝑎, 𝑏 GKK I Zv‡`i AšÍfz©³ †KvY, 𝜃
n‡j,
* †ÿÎdj, 𝐴 = 𝑎𝑏. 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 eM© GKK
mvgvšÍwi‡Ki GKwU KY© 𝑑 I wecixZ kxl©we›`y n‡Z K‡Y©i Dci j¤^ `~iZ¡
ℎ GKK n‡j,
* †ÿÎdj, 𝐴 = 𝑑ℎ eM© GKK

∎6. mgevû wÎfz‡Ri m~Îvejx:

mgevû wÎfz‡Ri GK evûi •`N©¨, 𝑎 GKK n‡j,
* cwimxgv, 𝑠 = 3𝑎 GKK
3
* †ÿÎdj, 𝐴 = 𝑎2 eM© GKK
4
3𝑎
* D”PZv, ℎ = GKK
2

Page 27
∎7. mgwØevû wÎfz‡Ri m~Îvejx:
mgwØevû wÎfz‡Ri mgvb evûØq, 𝑎 GKK I Aci evû, 𝑏 GKK n‡j,
* cwimxgv, 𝑠 = 2𝑎 + 𝑏 GKK
𝑏
* †ÿÎdj, 𝐴 = 4 4𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 eM© GKK

∎8. wÎfz‡Ri m~Îvejx:

wÎfz‡Ri fzwg, 𝑎 GKK I D”PZv, ℎ GKK n‡j,
1
* †ÿÎdj, 𝐴 =
2
𝑎ℎ eM© GKK
wÎfz‡Ri wZb evû 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 GKK n‡j,
* †ÿÎdj, 𝐴 = 𝑠 𝑠 − 𝑎 𝑠 − 𝑏 (𝑠 − 𝑐) eM© GKK
* cwimxgv, 2𝑠 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 GKK
𝑎+𝑏+𝑐
* Aa© cwimxgv, 𝑠 = GKK
2
wÎfz‡Ri `yBwU evû 𝑎, 𝑏 I Zv‡`i AšÍfz©³ †KvY, 𝜃 n‡j,
1
* †ÿÎdj, 𝐴 = 𝑎𝑏 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 eM© GKK
2

∎9. e„ËvKvi †ÿ‡Îi m~Îvejx:

e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©, 𝑟 GKK I †K‡›`ª Pv‡ci †KvY, 𝜃 n‡j,
* cwiwa, 𝐶 = 2𝜋𝑟 GKK
* †ÿÎdj, 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2 eM© GKK
𝜃
* e„ËKjvi †ÿÎdj, 𝐴 = × 𝜋𝑟 2 eM© GKK
360°
𝜋𝑟𝜃
* Pv‡ci •`N©¨, 𝑠 = GKK [†Kv‡Yi wWwMÖ cwigvc]
180
* Pv‡ci •`N©¨, 𝑠 = 𝑟𝜃 GKK [†Kv‡Yi ‡iwWqvb cwigvc]

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∎10. AvqZvKvi Nbe¯‘i m~Îvejx:
AvqZvKvi Nbe¯‘i •`N©¨ 𝑎 GKK, cÖ¯’ 𝑏 GKK I D”PZv 𝑐 GKK n‡j,
* K‡Y©i •`N©¨,𝑑 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 GKK
* AvqZb, 𝑉 = 𝑎𝑏𝑐 Nb GKK
* mgMÖ Z‡ji ‡ÿÎdj= 2(𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎) eM© GKK

∎11. Nb‡Ki m~Îvejx:

Nb‡Ki GK evûi •`N©¨, 𝑎 GKK n‡j,
* K‡Y©i •`N©¨, 𝑑 = 𝑎 3GKK
* c„ôZ‡ji K‡Y©i •`N©¨, 𝑑 = 𝑎 2GKK
* mgMÖ Z‡ji ‡ÿÎdj, 𝐴 = 6𝑎2 eM© GKK
* AvqZb, 𝑉 = 𝑎 3 Nb GKK

∎12. mge„Ëf~wgK †ej‡bi m~Îvejx:

mge„Ëf~wgK †ej‡bi f~wgi e¨vmva© 𝑟 GKK I D”PZv ℎ GKK n‡j,
* eµZ‡ji ‡ÿÎdj, 𝐴 = 2𝜋𝑟ℎ eM© GKK
* AvqZb, 𝑉 = 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ Nb GKK
* mgMÖ Z‡ji ‡ÿÎdj, 𝐴 = 2𝜋𝑟(ℎ + 𝑟) eM© GKK

∎13. mge„Ëf~wgK ‡KvY‡Ki m~Îvejx:

mge„Ëf~wgK †KvY‡Ki f~wgi e¨vmva© r GKK, D”PZv h GKK Ges †njv‡bv
DbœwZ ℓ n‡j,
*†njv‡bv DbœwZ ℓ = h2 + r 2 GKK
*eµZ‡ji ‡ÿÎdj = πrℓ eM© GKK
*mgMÖZ‡ji †ÿÎdj = πr(ℓ + r) eM© GKK
1
* AvqZb, V = πr 2 h Nb GKK
3

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∎14. ‡Mvj‡Ki m~Îvejx:
‡Mvj‡K e¨vmva© r GKK n‡j,
*c„ôZ‡ji †ÿÎdj = 4πr 2 eM© GKK
4
*AvqZb, V = πr 3 Nb GKK
3

∎15. wcÖR‡gi m~Îvejx:

*wcÖR‡gi AvqZb = (f‚wgi †ÿÎdj × D”PZv)
*mgMÖZ‡ji †ÿÎdj
= 2(f‚wgi †ÿÎdj) + cvk¦©Zj¸‡jvi †ÿÎdj
= 2(f‚wgi †ÿÎdj) + f‚wgi cwimxgv × D”PZv

∎16. wcivwg‡Wi m~Îvejx:

1
*wcivwg‡Wi AvqZb = (f‚wgi †ÿÎdj × D”PZv)
3
*mgMÖZ‡ji †ÿÎdj = f‚wgi †ÿÎdj + cvk¦©Zj¸‡jvi †ÿÎdj

∎17. m~lg eûf‚‡Ri m~Îvejx:

m~lg eûf‚‡Ri evûi msL¨v Ges evûi •`N©¨ n‡j-
𝑛𝑎 2 180°
*‡ÿÎdj =
4
cot 𝑛
eM© GKK
𝑛 𝑛−3
* eûf‚‡Ri K‡Y©i msL¨v = wU
2
* eûf‚‡Ri †KvY¸wji mgwó = (2𝑛 − 4) mg‡KvY

Page 30
 cwimsL¨vb m¤úwK©Z m~Îvejx
1. Dcv‡Ëi cwimi = ( m‡e©v”P msL¨v - me©wb¤œ msL¨v ) + 1
পতিসি
2. †kÖYxmsL¨v = (c~Y©msL¨vq iƒcvšÍwiZ )
শেণীব্যাতি
শেণীি উর্ধ্বমান + শেণীি তনম্নমান
3. ‡kÖYx ga¨gvb =
2
শেণীি মধ্যমান − আনুমাতনক গড়
4. avc wePy¨wZ =
h
5. DcvËmg~‡ni msL¨v n Ges G‡`i msL¨vm~PK gvb x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 , … . , xn
Ges DcvËmg~‡ni MvwYZxK Mo gvb x nq Z‡e,
x 1 +x 2 +x 3 +x 4 + …………+x n
x= n
6. AvbygvwbK Mo a, MYmsL¨v n, i ‡kÖYxi MYmsL¨v fi ui , †kÖYxe¨vwß h n‡j,
fi ui
mswÿß c×wZ‡Z Mo, x = a + ×h
n
7. n msL¨K Dcv‡Ëi †ÿ‡Î n hw` we‡Rvo msL¨v nq Z‡e Dcv˸‡jvi ga¨K =
n+1 n
Zg c‡`i gvb Ges n hw` †Rvo msL¨v nq Z‡e ga¨K = Zg
2 2
n
c` I + 1 Zg c` `yBwUi mvswL¨K gv‡bi Mo|
2
8. †Kv‡bv Dcv‡Ë †h msL¨vwU me‡P‡q †ewk evi _v‡K ‡m msL¨vwU H Dcv‡Ëi
cÖPziK nq|
n h
9. ‡kÖYxweb¨¯Í Dcv‡Ëi ‡ÿ‡Î ga¨K = L + − Fc ×
2 fm
L = ‡h †kÖYx‡Z ga¨K Aew¯’Z Zvi wb¤œgvb, n = MYmsL¨v
Fc = ga¨K †kÖYxi c~e©eZ©x †kÖYxi †hvwRZ MYmsL¨v
fm =ga¨K †kÖYxi MYmsL¨v, h = ‡kÖYxe¨vwß
f1
10. ‡kÖYxweb¨¯Í Dcv‡Ëi ‡ÿ‡Î cÖPziK = L + ×h
f1 + f2
L = ‡h †kÖYx‡Z cÖPziK Aew¯’Z Zvi wb¤œgvb, h = ‡kÖYxe¨vwß
f1 = cÖPziK ‡kÖYxi MYmsL¨v − c~e©eZ©x †kÖYxi MYmsL¨v
f2 = cÖPziK ‡kÖYxi MYmsL¨v − cieZ©x †kÖYxi MYmsL¨v;

Page 31