ESE 401:
SOLID & HAZARDOUS WASTE
MANAGEMENT
Abdullah Shahrier
Lecturer
Dept. of Environmental Science & Engineering
Bangladesh University of Textiles
LECTURE 7
WASTE DISPOSAL & ENERGY RECOVERY METHODS
Five Phases of Landfill Operations
Leachate Formation Process
Hazardous waste disposal in regular landfills
can lead to toxic substances seeping into soil
and contaminating natural water systems. To
prevent this, modern hazardous-waste landfills
are designed with protective barriers. Wastes
are first stabilized, solidified, and often sealed
in drums before disposal. These landfills
typically use double impermeable liners along
with dual leachate collection systems one to
collect and reduce leachate buildup and
another as a backup. The collected leachate is
sent to treatment facilities. Finally, an
impermeable cap is placed on top of the
landfill to minimize leachate formation and
reduce environmental risks
In the modern landfills the bottom is covered with an impermeable liner, usually several layers of clay, thick
plastic and sand. The liner protects the ground water from being contaminated due to percolation of
leachate. Leachate from bottom is pumped and sent for treatment. When landfill is full it is covered with
clay, sand, gravel and top soil to prevent seepage of water. Several wells are drilled near the landfill site to
monitor if any leakage is contaminating ground water. Methane produced by anaerobic decomposition is
collected and burnt to produce electricity or heat.
Deep well injection is a method for disposing of liquid
industrial waste by injecting it into deep underground
geological formations. These formations are porous
and permeable (such as sandstone or fractured
limestone) and are confined by low-permeability layers
like shale to prevent contamination of drinking water
sources. High pressure is used to force the liquid waste
into rock pores and fissures. Although this method is
cost-effective and requires little pretreatment, it carries
the risk of leakage, which can contaminate
underground water resources.
Recycling and resource recovery protocol
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