COUNSELOR’S ROLE
COUNSELOR’S ROLE
THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS
THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS
AND ATTITUDE
AND ATTITUDE
Originated from Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory
Influenced by later models like:
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy: Changes irrational Maintains neutrality and empathy
beliefs into rational, healthy thoughts.
PSYCHODYNAMIC
Dialectical Behavior Therapy : Teaches emotion control
Encourages self-exploration and reflection
and mindfulness skills. Helps clients uncover unconscious conflicts
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Replaces negative PSYCHODYNAMIC Provides a safe, nonjudgmental environment
PERSPECTIVE
thoughts with realistic, helpful ones.
Applied Behavior Analysis – focuses on reinforcing
desired behaviors through conditioning
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy – integrates PERSPECTIVE
behavioral and mindfulness techniques
A counseling approach
MAJOR CONCEPTS
MAJOR CONCEPTS emphasizing unconscious STRENGTHS
STRENGTHS
processes, early childhood Provides deep understanding of emotions and
Unconscious mind: Hidden motives and conflicts
influence behavior experiences, and internal conflicts unconscious motives
Psychic structure: Id, ego, superego Highlights how childhood experiences shape
Defense mechanisms: Repression, denial, as drivers of behavior and mental personality
projection, sublimation health issues. Promotes long-term personal growth and self-
Developmental stages: Oral, anal, phallic, latency, awareness
genital Encourages insight and emotional healing
Transference and countertransference: Emotional Forms the foundation for many modern therapies
exchanges in therapy (CBT, DBT, etc.)
COUNSELING GOALS &
LIMITATIONS
COUNSELING GOALS &
LIMITATIONS
Goals:
TECHNIQUES
TECHNIQUES
Time-consuming and expensive
Increase self- Techniques: Lacks strong empirical or scientific evidence
awareness and Free association May not suit clients seeking short-term or
insight Dream analysis structured treatment
Resolve inner Interpretation of resistance Risk of therapist bias due to subjective
conflicts and transference interpretation
Reduce anxiety and Exploring childhood Focuses heavily on the past, sometimes neglecting
maladaptive present issues
experiences
behaviors