School of Mathematics

Thapar University, Patiala,

UMA 004 (Mathematics-II): Tutorial Sheet 03

1. The indicated function y1 (x) is a solution of the given differential equation. Find the second
solution y2 (x).
(i) y 00 − 4y 0 + 4y = 0; y1 = e2x (ii) x2 y 00 − 3xy 0 + 4y = 0; y1 = x2 ln x
(iii) x2 y 00 − 7xy 0 + 16y = 0; y1 = x4 (iv) x2 y 00 − xy 0 + 2y = 0; y1 = x sin(ln x)
(v) (1 − x2 )y 00 + 2xy 0 = 0; y1 = 1
(vi) (1 − 2x − x2 )y 00 + 2(1 + x)y 0 − 2y = 0; y1 = x + 1
2. Find the general solution of the following second-order differential equation.
(i) 4y 00 +y 0 = 0 (ii) y 00 −y 0 −6y = 0 (iii) y 00 +8y 0 +16y = 0
00 0
(iv) 12y −5y −2y = 0 00
(v) y +9y = 0 (vi) y 00 −4y 0 +5y = 0
3. Solve each differential equation (by Cauchy-Euler equation):
(i) x2 y 00 − 2y = 0 (ii) xy 00 + y 0 = 0 (iii) x2 y 00 + xy 0 + 4y = 0
(iv) x2 y 00 − 3xy 0 − 2y = 0 (v) 25x2 y 00 + 25xy 0 + y = 0 (vi) x2 y 00 + 5xy 0 + y = 0
(vii) 3x2 y 00 + 6xy 0 + y = 0

4. Find the general solution of the following differential equations

(i) (x + 2)2 y 00 + (x + 2)y 0 − y = 24x (ii) (3x + 1)2 y 00 + (3x + 1)y 0 + y = 6x

5. Find the general solution of the following differential equations by the method of undetermined coefficients.
(i) y 00 − 3y 0 − 10y = 1 + x2 (ii) 4y 00 − y = ex + e3x (iii) 3y 00 + 2y 0 − y = e−2x + x
(iv) y 00 + 3y 0 + 2y = cos x + sin x (v) y 00 + 16y = 16 sin 4x (vi) y 00 + 2y 0 + 10y = e−x sin 3x
(vii) y 00 + 4y 0 + 4y = 6e−2x cos2 x (viii) y 00 + y 0 = 10x4 + 2

6. Solve each differential equation by variation of parameters method.

(i) y 00 + y = sec x (ii) y 00 + y = sin x (iii) y 00 + y = cos2 x
(iv) xy 00 − 4xy = e2x (v) y 00 + 3y 0 + 2y = 1
1+ex
(vi) y 00 + 3y 0 + 2y = sin ex
00 0 −x 00 0 x
(vii) y + 2y + y = e ln x (viii) 3y − 6y + 6y = e sec x

Answers:

1. (i) y2 = xe2x (ii) y2 = x2 (iii) y2 = x4 ln |x|

(iv) y2 = x cos(ln x) (v) y2 = x − x3 /3 (vi) y2 = x2 + x + 2
2. (i) y = c1 + c2 e−x/4 (ii) y = c1 e3x + c2 e−2x (iii) y = c1 e−4x + c2 xe−4x
(iv) y = c1 e2x/3 + c2 e−x/4 (v) y = c1 cos 3x + c2 sin 3x (vi) y = e2x (c1 cos x + c2 sin x)
3. (i) y = c1 x−1 + c x2
√ 2 √
(ii) y = c1 + c2 ln x (iii) y = c1 cos(2 ln x) + c2 sin(2 ln x)
2− 6
(iv) y = c1 x + c2 x2+ 6 (v) y = c1 cos( 15 ln x) +c2 sin( 15 ln
x)
√ √
 
(vi) y = c1 x−2 + c2 x−2 ln x (vii) y = x −1/2 1
c1 cos 6 3 ln x + c2 sin 16 3 ln x
c2
4. (i) Set x + 2 = z, y = c1 (x + 2) + x+2 + 24(x + 2)2 + 12[ln(x + 2) − 6](x + 2) + 24
(ii) Set 3x + 1 = z, y = [A + B ln(3x + 1)](3x + 1)1/3 + 3(x − 1)/2
5. (i) y = Ae−2x + Be5x − (50x2 − 30x + 69)/500 (ii) y = Aex/2 + Be−x/2 + (35ex + 3e3x )/105 (iii) y =
−x −2x
Ae + Be x/3
+ (e − 7x − 14)/7 (iv) y = Ae−x + Be−2x + (2 sin x − cos x)/5 (v) y = A cos 4x +
B sin 4x − 2x cos x (vi) y = e−x (A cos 3x + B sin 3x) − (xe−x cos 3x)/6 (vii) y = (Ax + B)e−2x +
3e−2x (2x2 − cos 2x)/4 (viii) y = A + Be−x + 2x5 − 10x4 + 40x3 − 120x2 + 242x
6. (i) y = c1 cos x + c2 sin x + x sin x + cos x ln | cos x| (ii) y = c1 cos x + c2 sin x − 12 x cos x
Rx e4t
 
(iii) y = c1 cos x + c2 sin x + 21 − 16 cos 2x (iv) y = c1 e2x + c2 e−2x + 41 e2x ln |x| − e−2x dt , x0 > 0
x0 t
(v) y = c1 e−x + c2 e−2x + (e−x + e−2x ) ln(1 + ex ) (vi) y = c1 e−2x + c2 e−x − e−2x sin ex
−x −x 1 2 −x 3 2 −x
(vii) y = c1 e +c2 xe + 2 x e ln x− 4 x e (viii) y = c1 ex sin x+c2 ex cos x+ 31 xex sin x+ 31 ex cos x ln | cos x|