Java Fundamentals
Introduction to Java and
programming environment
Lecture 1
Objectives
Java Fundamentals
At the end of the lesson, the student should be able to:
Describe the features of Java technology such as the Java virtual
machine, garbage collection and code security
Describe the different phases of a Java program.
Write compile and run Java programs using a console and a text
editor and using an Integrated Development Environment or
IDE (Eclipse, Jcreater, BlueJ)
Differentiate between syntax-errors and runtime errors
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Topic & Structure of the lesson
Java Fundamentals
1. What is Java Technology
2. Language features
3. Java and The Internet
4. How Java differs from the C/C++ language
5. Applets and Applications
6. The Java Development Kit (JDK)
7. A Simple Java Program
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What is Java Technology?
Java Fundamentals
A programming language
As a programming language, Java can create all
kinds of applications that you could create using any
conventional programming language.
A development environment
As a development environment, Java technology
provides you with a large suite of tools: a compiler, an
interpreter, a documentation generator, a class file
packaging tool, and so on.
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What is Java Technology?
Java Fundamentals
An application environment
Java technology applications are typically general-purpose
programs that run on any machine where the Java runtime
environment (JRE) is installed.
A deployment environment
There are two main deployment environments: First, the JRE
supplied by the Java 2 Software Development Kit (SDK) contains the
complete set of class files for all the Java technology packages, which
includes basic language classes, GUI component classes, and so on. The
other main deployment environment is on your web browser. Most
commercial browsers supply a Java technology interpreter and runtime
environment.
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Key Terms you must be able to use
Java Fundamentals
If you have mastered this topic, you should be able to use
the following terms correctly in your assignments and
exams:
Application - A complete, self-contained program that
performs a specific function directly for the user.
Applet - A Java program which can be distributed as an
attachment in a World-Wide Web document and executed
by a Java-enabled web browser such as Sun's HotJava,
Netscape Navigator version 2.0, or Internet Explorer.
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Key Terms you must be able to use
Java Fundamentals
If you have mastered this topic, you should be able to use
the following terms correctly in your assignments and
exams:
Platform - the hardware / software environment in which a
program runs.
Java platform - a software-only platform that runs on top of
other, hardware-based platforms.
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Key Terms you must be able to use
Java Fundamentals
Java Virtual Machine (Java VM)
• A virtual CPU including instruction set, register
set, class file format, stack, garbage collected
memory heap & memory area
• Every Java interpreter, whether it’s a Java
development tool or a Web browser that can run
Java applets is an implementation of Java VM.
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Key Terms you must be able to use
Java Fundamentals
Java Application Programming Interface (Java API)
• A large collection of ready-made software
components that provide many useful capabilities
such as graphical user interface (GUI) widgets.
• The Java API is grouped into libraries (packages) of
related components
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What is Java?
Java Fundamentals
Let’s examine what Java is in terms of
• Language comparison
• Platform independence
• Language features
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What is Java?
Java Fundamentals
Beginning
SmallTalk C++
First true OO Language. Powerful systems language.
Secure type-checking. Familiar to many programmers.
JAVA
( Combines the best of both, leaving out the difficulties)
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What is Java?
Java Fundamentals
Platform Independence
JAVA
Programming
Platform
Language
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What is Java?
Java Fundamentals
Language features
Java is a High-Level Programming Language that is :
Simple
- powerful functionality without the confusing features(eg.
pointers)
- reduce 50 % of the bugs
Objected oriented
- implements the basic object technology of C++ with
enhancement
Distributed
- built-in extensive TCP/IP networking capabilities
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What is Java?
Java Fundamentals
Language features
Java is a High-Level Programming Language that is :
Robust
- check for problems at compile and run-time - help
catch the bugs at the early stage of development
- handles own memory - no worries on freeing &
corrupting memory
- reduce development time
Secure
- Java codes passes several tests before executing
on machine
- eg. Byte-code verifier, class loader
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What is Java?
Java Fundamentals
Language features
Java is a High-Level Programming Language that is :
Multithreaded
- threads - light-weighted processes
- allows many simultaneous activities in 1 program
Portable
- basic portability of being architecture neutral / independent
- Java builds its user interfaces via an abstract window
system so the windows can be implemented on UNIX, PC
& MAC environments
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What is Java?
Java Fundamentals
Language features
Java is a High-Level Programming Language that is :
Architecture Neutral (Special Feature)
• both compiled and interpreted
• with compiler, a Java program is translated into Java
bytecodes
• with interpreter,each Java bytecode instruction is parsed
and run on computers
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What is Java?
Java Fundamentals
Architecture Neutral (Special Feature)
Java Bytecodes - machine code instructions for the
Java Virtual Machine (Java VM).
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What is Java?
Java Fundamentals
Architectural Neutral + Portble (abstract window)
”Write Once, Run Anywhere - Platform Independent”
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What is Java?
Java Fundamentals
Platform - the hardware / software environment in which a
program runs.
Java platform - a software-only platform that runs on top of
other, hardware-based platforms.
The Java platform has 2 components :
1. The Java Virtual Machine (Java VM)
2. The Java Application Programming Interface (Java API)
What is Java?
Java Fundamentals
Java Virtual Machine (Java VM)
• A virtual CPU including instruction set, register
set, class file format, stack, garbage collected
memory heap & memory area
• Every Java interpreter, whether it’s a Java
development tool or a Web browser that can run
Java applets is an implementation of Java VM.
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What is Java?
Java Fundamentals
Java Application Programming Interface (Java API)
• A large collection of ready-made software
components that provide many useful capabilities
such as graphical user interface (GUI) widgets.
• The Java API is grouped into libraries (packages) of
related components
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Java and The Internet
Java Fundamentals
• Java is becoming a computing platform-base for
software developers to build applications
• these applications can execute on any computing
platform
• a variety of applications can be built eg. critical
applications used by big companies, accounting, asset
management, databases, human resources and sales
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How Java differs from C
Java Fundamentals
• No preprocessor
Java does not require constructs such as #define,
#include, and #ifdef
• No pointers
referencing and dereferencing of objects are
handled automatically by JAVA
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How Java differs from C
Java Fundamentals
• No multiple inheritances
JAVA does not support multiple inheritances, features
of multiple inheritance are supported in the form of
interfaces
• Garbage Collection
in C you need to make explicit calls to malloc() to
allocate memory. Use free() to deallocate memory.
In Java, there is a new keyword, but no delete. Objects
are implicitly deleted when they go out of scope or are
no longer needed.
Note : There are many more differences between
JAVA and C
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Applets and Applications
Java Fundamentals
The most common types of Java programs are :
• Applets
- A Java program that adheres to certain conventions
that allow it to run within a Java-enabled web
browser.
• Applications
- A standalone Java program that runs directly on a java
platform.
- As Java is a general purpose, high-level programming
language and a powerful software platform, we can
write many types of programs.
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The Java Development Kit (JDK)
Java Fundamentals
The JDK contains what one needs to start building and
executing JAVA applications and applets.
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The Java Development Kit (JDK)
Java Fundamentals
Here is how you can set up and program in Java
1. Download the Java Development Kit (JDK)
[Link]
oads/[Link]
2. Download/bookmark the Java API Documentation
[Link]
nloads/[Link]
3. Download/bookmark the Java Tutorial
[Link]
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JAVA Editors and IDEs
Java Fundamentals
Eclipse. Free, open-source IDE. The most popular of the Java IDEs, but
harder to set up and configure than the commercial ones
Borland JBuilder. Borland JBuilder is a Java IDE for Windows, Solaris,
and Linux. They offer a few different JBuilder versions:
TextPad TextPad is a powerful programming editor with good modes
for Java, HTML, JSP, C, C++, and many other languages.
UltraEdit. Another editor with an excellent Java mode. Can be set up to
compile and run Java programs directly from the editor
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Phases of a Java Program
Java Fundamentals
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Summary of Phases of a Java Program
Java Fundamentals
Task Tool to use Output
Write the program Any text editor File with .java
extension
Compile the program Java Compiler File with .class
extension
(Java bytecodes)
Run the program Java Interpreter Program Output
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Writing the first Java Application
Java Fundamentals
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Quick Review Question
Java Fundamentals
Here are a couple quick questions before we plunge into our
first Java program.
1. What is the difference between an applet and an application?
2. Does an application need the JVM for execution?
3. Does an applet need the JVM for execution?
4. Does a browser need the JVM for executing Java applets?
5. Can Java run on Machine? What is needed to run java
on a computer
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Question and Answer Session
Java Fundamentals
Q&A
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