Chapter 3

FRACTIONS
FRACTIONS
A number of the form ,
where a, b are whole numbers and b ≠ 0 is a fraction.
The number a is the numerator and
b is the denominator.

There are three types of fractions.

1. Proper fraction , where a < b
2. Improper fraction , where a > b
3. Mixed fraction c , where a < b
Addition of Fractions
1. A fraction and an integer:
The integer is expressed as a fraction
with the same denominator as the fraction and
the numerators are added.

Example :
=
=
2. Two or more fractions:
All the fractions in the expression
are expressed with a common denominator
and the numerators are added.

( ) ( )
Example :
( ) ( )
+
=
Multiplication of Fractions
1. A fraction and an integer:
First let us consider the multiplication
of a proper fraction with a whole number.

×( )
Example: 2 =
=
=1
2. Multiplication of a mixed fraction
by a whole number:

Example: 2 =2
=
= 10
3. Multiplication of a fraction by a fraction:

The product =

×
Example: ( )=
×

=
Division of Fractions
We shall now learn how to divide fractions
with the help of following points.

1. Whole number by a fraction:

We find that the division sign is replaced
by a multiplication sign and
the fraction is replaced by the fraction .
Example, 5 ÷ =5
=5 2
= 10.
2. Division of a fraction by a whole number:
We multiply the fraction by the multiplicative
inverse of the whole number.

Example, 4=
=
=
.
3. Division of a fraction by another fraction:
We multiply the first fraction by
The multiplicative inverse of the second.

Example, =
×
=
×
=
LCM and GCD of Fractions
The LCM and GCD of fractions can be determined
by the following relations:
LCM of numerators
LCM of fractions =
GCD of denominators
GCD of numerators
GCD of fractions =
LCM of denominators
Example: The LCM of and is

LCM of numerators
LCM of fractions = GCD of denominators

LCM of(5,6,3,4)
LCM of fractions = GCD of (12,5,2,17)

The LCM of and = 60

 DECIMAL
A fraction in which
The denominator is 10, 100, 1000,… (i.e., a power of 10)
is called a decimal fraction.

Example: 357.26
= 3(100) + 5(10) + 7(1) + 2( ) + 6( )
first digit after the decimal point is (called TENTHS),
the second digit is (called HUNDREDTHS) and so on.
Addition and Subtraction of Decimals
Decimal numbers are added and
subtracted one from the other in the following way.

(i) 23.43 (ii) 24.56

+34.25 –12.23
57.68 12.33
Multiplication and Division of Decimal Numbers
We shall begin with simpler examples.

(i) (0.3) (0.7) = ( )( )

= = 2.1

(ii) Divide 12.4 by 0.4 = 12.4 ÷ 0.4

can be written as =
=
= 31
1. Compare: and

and
× ×
= =
× ×

= =

Ans: <
2. Find 23.03 + 30.25 .

23.03
+ 30.25
53.28
Ans: 53.28
3. Find 53.03 - 30.297 .

53.030
- 30.297
22.733
Ans: 22.733
4. Fill in the blanks.
Convert as a mixed fraction, the answer is _____.

Ans: =
= +
=4+
=4
5. Fill in the blanks.
The fraction in its lowest terms is _____.

Ans:
× ×
=
× ×

=
6. If = , then k is _____ .

(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 9

= 4k = 3 12
4k = 36
k=
k=9
7. is equivalent to ______.

(a) (b) (c) (d) All of these

×
= =
×

×
= =
×

×
= =
×
8. 13 = ________.
(a) (b) (c) (d)

13 = 13 +
×
= +
=
=
10. Which of the following is the largest?
(a) (b) (c) (d)

, ,
× × × ×
, , ,
× × × ×

, , ,
11. Arrange the following fractions
, , , in ascending order.

, , ,
× × × ×
= , = , = , =
× × × ×

= , = , = , =

In ascending order
12. Fill in the blanks, + = _____.

×
Ans: + = +
×

=
13. Fill in the blanks, = _____.

× ×
Ans: + = +
× ×

=
14. Fill in the blanks, of = ____.

Ans: of =

=
×
=

=1
15. Fill in the blanks, = ___.

Ans:

=4
16. Fill in the blanks, = _____.

Ans:

=4
 17. Soko travels one-third of a distance.
If the distance is 12 km, then find the remaining
distance that she would have travelled (in km).
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 8

Solution;
the remaining distance = 12 ( 1- )

= 12

= 8 km
18. The total strength of a class is 36 students.
If three-fourth of the students is taking an examination
from the class, then how many students are not taking
the examination?
(a) 9 (b) 12 (c) 24 (d) 27
Solution:
students are not taking the examination
= 36 ( 1- )
= 36 = 36
=9
20. + + = ______.
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Solution:
× ×
+ + = + +
× ×

=
21. ÷ × + 1 = _____________.

(a) (b) (c) (d)

Solution:

÷ × +1 = × × +1

= +1

=
 23. Fill in the blanks, 23.143 + 17.159 =
Solution; ____.

23.143
+ 17.159
40.302
Ans: 40.302
 24. Fill in the blanks.
36.121 – 33.429 = ______.
Solution;
36.121
– 33.429
2.692
Ans: 2.692
25. Fill in the blanks,0.00125 × 200 = ____.
Solution:

0.00125 × 200 = 200

= 0.25
Ans: 0.25
26. Fill in the blanks, 50.2 ÷ 1.255 = ______.
Solution:

50.2 ÷ 1.255 =

= = 40

Ans: 40
 27. Fill in the blanks.2.3 + 4.4 + 6.9 = ____.
Solution;
2.3
4.4
+ 6.9
13.6
Ans: 13.6
28. = ______.

(a) 0.048 (b) 4.8 (c) 48 (d) 4.08

Solution:
×
=
×

= 4.80
= 4.8
29. 1.36 = ______.

(a) (b) (c) (d)

Solution:

1.36 =
×
=
×

=
30. 18 – 13.169 = ______.
(a) 3.831 (b) 4.831 (c) 5.831 (d) 2.831
Solution:
18.000
– 13.169
4.831
31. 37.23 ÷ 10 = ______.
(a) 372.3 (b) 3.723 (c) 37.23 (d) 0.3723
 32. 1.608 ÷ 1.34 = ______.
(a) 3.2 (b) 2.2 (c) 1.2 (d) 4.2

Solution;
1.608 ÷ 1.34 = ÷

=1.2
 33. A water bottle is full and of the water is
drawn. How much water is remaining in the bottle?
(a) (b) (c) (d)

Solution;
water is remaining in the bottle = -

=
×

=
 34. Find the value of + -

Solution;
× ×
+ - = + -
× ×

= =

=1
 35. Compare: and

Solution;

and
× ×
= =
× ×

= =

Ans: (i) >

 36. Arrange the following fractions
, , , in descending order.
Solution;
, , ,
× × × ×
= , = , = , =
× × × ×

= , = , = , =

in descending order
 37. Find 1 + 1 - 0.75 -2
Solution;
 1 + 1 - 0.75 -2 = + - -2
Solution;

= + - -2
× × × ×
= + - -
× × × ×

= = =

Ans:
 38. Find 2.024 x 0.325
Solution;
2.024
x 0.325
10120
4048
+ 6072
657800 0.6578

Ans: 0.6578
 39. Reduce and in lowest
terms.
Solution;

and
× ×
= =
× ×

= =

Ans: (i) (ii)

 40. Compare and .
Solution;
and LCM of 3 and 5 is 15.

= ,

<
41. There are 125 balls in a basket. Out of which,
15 are white, 25 are brown, 35 are green and
the remaining are pink in colour.
Find the share of the balls for each colour in the basket.
Solution; The number of pink balls = 125 – (15 + 25 + 35)=50
white, brown , green , pink

= = = =

= = = =

Ans: , , ,
 42. What should be added to the sum of and
so that the sum is ?
Solution; the sum of , and P =

So; P= -( +

= -( )
×

= - =

Ans:
43. What should be subtracted from the sum of

and so that the difference is ?

Ans: (the sum of and ) – S =

So; ( + )–S=

S =( + )–
× × ×
=( + )-
× × ×

= =
44. Simplify: .

Ans:

=( ) )

= =1
45. Simplify:
2
Ans: 2

= =-
46. Simplify: 1 +2 +3 +…..+ 100
Ans: 1 +2 +3 + … + 100

= (1+2+3+ … +100)+( + + …up to 100 terms)

= (1+100) 50 + 100

= 101 50 +

= 5050+ 13

= 5063
47. Simplify: 1 +2 + + +

Ans: 1 +2 + + +

= ( 1 + 2 + 3) +

=6+

=6+1

=7
48. July and Yane have some chocolates.
The number of chocolates with July is two-third of
the number of chocolates with Yane.
If Yane gives five chocolates to July,
then both will have equal number of chocolates.
How many chocolates does July have?
Solution; Then, j + 5 = y – 5

j+5 = j–5 (j= y)

j - j = - 5 -5

j = 10

j = 20
Ans: 20
 50. A rope of length 18 m is cut into equal pieces
of 1 m each. Find the number of pieces.
Solution;

18 1 =

= 15
Ans: the number of pieces =15
 51. Convert into a decimal fraction.
Solution;
×
=
×

= 0.35
Ans: 0.35
 52. Convert 0.425 into a fraction.
Solution;
0.425 =
×
=
×

Ans:
 53. Simplify: 128.364 + 10.08 – 132.16 + 9.8.
Solution;
128.364 + 10.08 – 132.16 + 9.8
= 128.364 + 10.08 – 132.16 + 9.8
= 128.364 + 10.08 + 9.8 – 132.16
= 148.244 – 132.16
= 16.084

Ans: 16.084
 54. Simplify:
0.9 + 0.9 × 0.9 ÷ 0.9 – 0.9 + 0.9 ÷ 0.9 × 0.9.
Solution;

0.9 + 0.9 × 0.9 ÷ 0.9 – 0.9 + 0.9 ÷ 0.9 × 0.9

= 0.9 + 0.9 × (0.9 ÷ 0.9) – 0.9 + (0.9 ÷ 0.9) × 0.9
= 0.9 + 0.9 × 1– 0.9 + 1× 0.9
= 0.9 + 0.9 – 0.9 + 0.9
= 0.9 + 0.9
= 1.8
Ans: 1.8
 55. What should be added to 1.834
so that the sum is 5?
Solution;

1.834 + x = 5
x = 5 – 1.834
x = 3.166
Ans: 3.166
 56. What should be subtracted from
the sum of 1.48 and 1.368
so that the difference is 1?
Solution;

( 1.48 + 1.368 ) - x = 1
-x = 1 - ( 1.48 + 1.368 )
x = ( 1.48 + 1.368 ) – 1
x = 2.848 -1
x = 1.848
Ans: 1.848
 57. By how much is the sum of 44.44 and 32.03
greater than their difference?
Solution;
(44.44 + 32.03) – ( 44.44 - 32.03 )
= 44.44 + 32.03 – 44.44 + 32.03
= 32.03+32.03
= 64.06
Ans: 64.06
 58. How many glasses of water is required
to fill one liter water bottle,
if one glass of water is 25 mL?
Solution;
One liter water bottle = 1000ml
The number of glasses = 1000 25
= 40 glasses
Ans: 40
 59. The length of a rope is 23.25 m.
If two pieces of lengths 6.42 m and 3.09 m are cut,
then find the length of the remaining rope.
(a) 12.74 (b) 13.64 (c) 13.74 (d) 14.54
Solution;
23.25 – ( 6.42 + 3.09 )
= 23.25 – 9.51
= 13.64
The length of the remaining rope = 13.64 m
 60. Compare 2 and 2 .
Solution;
2 and 2
= and =

= =

= ; =

2 <2
 61. Arrange , and in ascending
Solution; order.

, and LCM of 7, 5 and 4 is 140.

= = ;

= =

= =

So, < < < <

 62. Simplify: (i) + (ii)
Solution;

(i) + =

(ii) =

=
 63. Simplify: - x
Solution;
×
- x = - -

= - -
× × ×
= - -
× × ×

= = =1
 64. Simplify: 4
Solution;

= [ ]

= =
 65. Find the different
between (4.2 + 0.27) and (32.45 + 45.69)
Solution;

4.2 + 0.27 = 4.47

32.45 + 45.69 = 78.14
Their different = 78.14 - 4.47
= 73.67
Ans; 73.67
 66. Subtract 9.133 from 13.012,

Solution; then multiply by 0.98

13.012
– 9.133
3.879
then, 3.879
x 0.98
380124 3.80124
 67. Find the value of (1.238 × 10 )x(1.32 × 100).
Solution;
(1.238 × 10 )x(1.32 × 100) = 12.38 x 132
Then, 12.38
x 132
2476
3714
1238
163416 1634.16
 68. Reduce to its simplest form.
Solution;
2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 ×5
=
2×2×2×3×5×7

=
 69. Arrange the following in ascending order.

, , , ,
Solution;

< < < <

70. Arrange the following in descending order.

, , , ,

Solution;

< < < <

 71. By how much is the difference of 18.89
and 11.21 less than that of their sum?
Solution;

Sum – difference
=( 18.89 + 11.21 ) - ( 18.89 + 11.21 )
= 30.10 – 7.68
= 22.42
 72. What should be added to 6.77 to get 7?
Solution;
6.77 + x = 7
X = 7 – 6.77
X = 7.00 – 6.77
X = 0.23
 73. What should be added to the difference
of 6.88 and 4.25 to get 5?
Solution;

x + ( 6.88 – 4.25 ) = 5
x = 5 - ( 6.88 – 4.25 )
x = 5 – 2.63
x = 2.37
74: Match Column A with Column B.

Column A Column Bl B
(a) 0.456 × 0.3 (p) 0.1468
(b) 0.734 × 0.2 (q) 0.1368
(c) 0.0739 × 2 (r) 0.1478
(d) 0.0689 × 2 (s) 0.1378

(a) → q; (b)→ p; (c) → r; (d) → s

 75. Simplify x
Solution;

=
76. Simplify [{ x ]x
Solution;
[{ x ]x

= [{ ]x

= [{ ]x

=[ ]x

= =
 78. Simplify: 1 x
Solution;
1 x

= x

= x x
×
=
×

=
79: Match Column A with Column B.
Column A Column B.

(a) B of 6 (p) of 12

(b) of 18 (q) of 6

(c) of 12 (r) of 12

(d) of 30 (s) of 12

Ans; (a) → p; (b) → r; (c) → s; (d) → q

Solution;
79:(a) B of 6

x x
= x6
x x

= x6

= x6=5

Ans; (a) → p;
Solution;
79:(b) B of 18

x
= x 18
x

= x 18

= x 18 = 9

Ans; (b) → r;
 79:(c) B of 12
Solution;

= x 12

= x 12

=7

Ans; (c) → s;
79. (d) B of 30

= x 30

= x 30

= 11

Ans; (d) → q
79:(p) B of 12

= x 12

= x 12

=5

Ans; (a) → p;
79:(q) B of 6

= x6

= x6

= 11

Ans; (d) → q
79:(r) B of 12

= x 12

= x 12

=9

Ans; (b) → r;
79:(s) B of 12

= x 12

= x 12

=7

Ans; (c) → s;
 80. Simplify: 1 +2 +3 + … +100
Solution;
1 +2 +3 + … +100

= (1+2+3+…+ 100) + ( + + … 100 terms)

= {(1+100)+(2+99)+(3+98)+…(50+51)}+ ( x 100)

= { 101 x 50} +

= 5050 + 13 = 5063