CHAPTER 2
Exponents, Roots, and Properties of Number
Exponents
1. × = (Product of powers)
Examples: ×
=
=
Note; 𝒎𝟏
× 𝒎𝟐
× 𝒎𝟑
×… × 𝒎𝒏
= 𝒎𝟏 𝒎𝟐 𝒎𝟑 ⋯ 𝒎𝒏
2. ÷ = ,a≠0 (Quotient of powers)
Example; ÷
=
=
3. 𝒎 𝒏
= 𝒎×𝒏
(power of a power)
Example; 𝟐 𝟑
= 𝟐×𝟑
= 𝟔
Note [ = 𝒎𝒏𝒑
and so on
4. = × (power of a product)
Examples; = ×
= ×
5. = (Power of a quotient)
Examples; =
6. =
Examples; =
Radicals
=b a=
is n-th power of a,
is n-th root of b
. =
Example; . =
=
= ,b 0
Example; =
Example; =
=
Example; = ×
=
Example; =
( )
1. If a + b + c = 0, then find the value of .
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) −1 (d) 3
( ) ( )
Ans: =
=
= ( )
= ( )
= =1
2. Find = ________.
Ans:
=
=
3. = × ______.
Ans:
= ×
We need
4. What is the multiplicative inverse of ?
Ans; ×
So, answer is
[( ) ]
5. If abc = 0, then find the value of
(a) 3 (b) 0 (c) −1 (d) 1
[( ) ]
Ans: =
= =1
6. “ = ”. Is this equation true?
Ans: Yes
=
= .
= .
=
7. Let ‘x’ be a real number and x = .
In this representation, radicand is ________ and
index is________.
Ans: radicand is 5,
index is 3
8. is the ________ of ‘x’.
( exponent/ power)
Ans: power
9. If m = n, then = ________.
Ans:
=
=
when (m = n) = =1
[Link] = , then k = ________.
Ans: k =
=
k=
11. The radical form of is ________.
Ans: =
12. If a > 0 and n is any positive integer,
then the sign of is ________.
Ans: Positive
13. If a < 0 and n is any odd integer,
then the sign of is
Ans: Negative
14. If a < 0 and n is any positive even integer,
then ________ to the set of real numbers.
(Does not belong/belongs)
Ans: Does not belong
15. If = 1, then x is ________.
Ans: any real number other than zero
16. If , then p = ________.
Ans: p =
17. ________
Ans:
=
=
=
18. If = 1, (x ≠ 1) then k = ________.
(0/any real number)
Ans: 0
19. x = ; the other form of x is ________.
Ans:
20. ( – )× = ________
Ans. ( – )×
=(1–1)×1
= 0×1
=0
21. Evaluate .
(a) 1024 (b) 512 (c) 256 (d) 128
Solution;
=(
=
= 1024
22. = ________
(a) (b) (c) 32 (d)
Solution: =
=
=
=
23. = ________
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 9 (d)
Solution;
=(
=
= =1
24. If = 2401, then = ________.
(a) 1 (b) (c) 7 (d) 49
Solution; =
= 2401 16807
=
25. = ________
(a) 0.25 (b) 0.5 (c) 0.126 (d) 0.15
Solution; =
=
= 0.5
26. Find the value of
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Solution; =
=
27. Find 4 × ÷ = _____
(a) (b) (c) (d) 1
Solution
4× ÷
=4× ÷
=4× ×
=
28. Find the value of ÷ .
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Solution
= ÷ .
= ÷
= ÷
=
29. If = 1296, then is ________.
(a) (b) 6 (c) 0.6 (d) Data insufficient
Solution
= 1296
÷ = 1296 ÷
= 1296 ÷ 216
=6
30. The value of = ________.
(a) 41 (b) 1681 (c) 68921 (d)
Solution
= =
= 68921
31. Value of = ________.
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Solution
=
=
=
32. Which is greater between and ?
Solution
Let us take the GCD of 1014 and 676,
which is 338.
can be written as = .
Similarly, can be written as = .
S0, >
33. If , then find the value of x.
(a) 1 (b) 6 (c) (d)
Solution
,
,
x =
34. Find the value of ( . )
+ ( . )
.
(a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 8 (d) 9
Solution
( . )
+ ( . )
= .
+ ( . )
=3+5
=8
35. Find the value of ( . )
+ ( . )
.
(a) 2 (b) 7 (c) 11 (d) 14
Solution
( . )
+ ( . )
= ( . )
+ ( . )
=2+5
=7
36. Evaluate the following .
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Solution
= + - 1
.
= + -
=
37. If = 64, where y ≠ 1, then find the sum of
greatest possible value of and
greatest possible value of .
Solution
= 64; can be written , , , ,
greatest possible value of = 4 where y ≠ 1
greatest possible value of = 3
So; 4+3=7
38. Which is the greatest among
, , and ?
Solution
, , and
, , and
, , and
Therefore; is the greatest.
39. Find the value of ÷ .
(a) 0.2 (b) 0.4 (c) 5 (d) 2.5
Solution
= ÷
= ÷
=5
40. = _______
(a) (b) 0.3 (c) 0.03 (d)
Solution
=
=
=
41. Find the value of
+ + +…+ .
Solution
+ + +…+
= 1- 1+ 1- 1+ 1-….. + 1
= 51 - 50 = 1
42. If xyz = 0, then find the value of
- - .
Solution
- -
= - -
= - -
= 1- 1- 1
= -1
43. If ( )
× ( )
= , then find a.
Solution
( )
× ( )
=
( ) ( )
= ( × = )
= 52
25+10a+ + 25-10a+ = 52
2 =2
a =1
44. What should be multiplied to
so that the product may be equal to 216?
Solution
Let the required number be x.
x× = 216
x× = ( = )
x = ×
x = ( × = )
x = The required number is .
45. If + , then
find the value of + .
Solution
+ + = 36
+ 2 = 36
+ = 34
46. Find the value of
(a) 86 (b) 66 (c) 68 (d) 88
Solution
= + -
= + .2 – 3.
= 36 + 54 − 24
= 66
Hence, the correct option is (b).
47. Value of is _______.
(b) (c) (d)
Solution
=
48. Find the value of ( + .
(a) 8 (b) (c) 64 (d) 4
Solution
( + =(
=
49. ( - = _______
(a) 4000 (b) 8000 (c) 3125 (d) 1024
Solution
( - = [(25 – 15)(25 + 15)
= [10(40)
= [4
=[
= = 8000
50. ( - = _______
(a) 64 (b) 16 (c) 32 (d) 4
Solution
( - = [(33 + 31)(33 - 31
=[
=[
=[
= 32
51. If abc = 0, then find the value of
(a) 1 (b) a (c) b (d) c
Solution
=
=
=1
52. If a + b + c = 0,
then find the value of .
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) −1 (d) None of these
Solution
=
=
= =1
53. Simplify
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
Solution
=
=
=2
54. If a = 25, then find the value of .
(a) 25 (b) 26 (c) 24 (d) 0
Solution
=
= 25 + 1
= 26
55. Find the value of
+ +…+ .
(a) 1 (b) 101 (c) 100 (d) 0
Solution
+ + … +
= -1 + 1 – 1 + 1 – 1 + … +1
= - 50 - 50 = 0
56. If = 6561, then is ___.
(a) 81 (b) 243 (c) 729 (d) 27
Solution
If = 6561
= 6561
= 6561 27
= 243
Directions for questions 57 to 60:
Match Column A with Column B.
Column A Column B
𝟐𝟏𝟎
57. (a) 1
𝟐 𝟏𝟎
58. 𝟏𝟖
(b) 0
59. If = 16, then x (c)
60. – (d)
(e) 4
(f) ×
Solution
57.( d) 58.(f) 59.(e) 60.(b)
Directions for questions 61 to 64:
Match Column A with Column B.
Column A Column B
61. (a)
62. × (b) 1
63. If, = , then x (c)
64. (d) 7
(e)
(f) 2
Solution
61. (e) 62.(b) 63(d) 64( f)
65. Simplify 4 ×6 c ÷ 12 b.
(a) 2 (b) 2abc (c) 2bc (d)
Solution
4 ×6 c ÷ 12 b
= 24 ÷ 12 b
=
. If = 3000, then find × ( )
.
(a) 3 × (b) 27 × (c) 9 × (d) 3000
Solution
× ( )
= 1000 × × ×
= 1000 × × ×
=3×
67. Find the value of +
(a) - (b) (c) (d)
Solution
+ = +
= -1
= - -1 =
68. If = , then a = ___.
(a) 15 (b) 30 (c) 24 (d) 20
Solution
= ,
= ,
=
10a + 30 = 12a
2a = 30
a = 15
69. If = 4096, then is ____.
(a) 128 (b) 64 (c) 256 (d) 32
Solution
If = 4096, then =?
= 4096
= 4096
= 4096 32
= 128
70. If = 16 and = 2048,
then the value of y is ____.
(a) 5 (b) 8 (c) 6 (d) 3
Solution
If = 16 and = 2048
If = and =
3y – x = 4 2y + x = 11
So; 5y = 15
y=3
71. If × = 72, then find the sum of x and y
where x and y are positive integers. (x ≠ 1 and y ≠ 1).
(a) 12 (b) 10 (c) 5 (d) 7
Solution
If × = 72
× =8×9
× = ×
So; x =2 , y= 3 or x = 3 , y = 2
x+y=2+3=5
72. = ____ (a ≠ 0 and a ≠ 1)
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) (d)
Solution
=
= 𝟎
=1
73. Which is the greatest among
, , and ?
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Solution
, , and
, , and
74. = _____
(a) (b) 0.2 (c) 0.4 (d)
Solution
=
= 0.4
75. If = , then find the value of x.
( )
(a) −2 (b) −3 (c) −4 (d) −5
Solution
If =
( )
=
-2x – 2 =2
-2x =4
So; x = -2
76. If = 100000, then find the value of x.
(a) 25 (b) 5 (c) 10 (d) 2.5
Solution
= 100000
=
2x = 10
So; X=5
77. If = 1331 and = 243,
then find − .
(a) 33 (b) 22 (c) 11 (d) 44
Solution
If = 1331 and =
243
x+y= x–y=
x + y = 11 x–y=3
So; − = ( x + y)( x – y ) = 11 x 3 = 33
78. If = , then x = ____.
(a) 9 (b) 6 (c) 4 (d) 8
Solution
If =
( =(
So; x – 8 must be equal 0.
x–8=0
x =8
79. If xyz = 0, then find the value
of + + .
(a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 0
Solution
+ +
= + +
= + +
=1+1+1=3
80. If = and = , then x + y = ____.
(a) 0 (b) −2 (c) 1 (d) 2
Solution
= and =
= and =
2y = -2 4x = -4
y = -1 x = -1
So, x + y = -2
81. If = 1024, then = _____ .
(a) 64 (b) 128 (c) 256 (d) 512
Solution
= 1024 =
= = 128
82. If = , then find the value of .
Solution
= ; =
=
7x – 5 = 5x – 15
2x = -10 X = -5 ,
so = = 32
83. If x = , then find the value of .
(a) 120 (b) 100 (c) 110 (d) None of these
Solution
If x = ; =
= 110
84. Which among , , , and
is the greatest?
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Solution
, , and
and
85. A teacher wanted to distribute 2025 chocolates
equally among x number of students.
If each student gets x chocolates, find x.
(a) 25 (b) 35 (c) 45 (d) 55
Solution
= 2025
X = 45
86. If = 1.414 and = 2.646,
then find the value of + .
(a) 20.839 (b) 21.532 (c) 19.482 (d) 22.231
Solution
+ = +
=4 +6
=4 1.414 + 6 2.646
= 21.53
87. If 64 > , then the greatest possible integer
value of x is ____.
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
88. If × y = 1215 where x, y N, x ≠ 1 and y ≠ 1,
then find xy.
(a) 15 (b) 20 (c) 243 (d) 45
1215 = 243 × 5
= ×5
x = 3 and y = 5
So; xy = 3 × 5 = 15
89. If = = = 64, then which of the
following
relations hold true?
(a) a + b + c = 8 (b) a + b + c = 9
(c) a + b + c = 10 (d) a + b + c = 11
Solution
= = = 64
= = = 64
a + b + c = 6 + 3 + 2 = 11
90. If × = 800, then find x − y
(where x and y are positive integers and x > y).
(a) 2 (b) 5 (c) 4 (d) 3
Solution
× = 800
× = 25 × 32
× = × ( x > y)
x = 5 and y = 2
x−y=5−2=3
Hence, the correct option is (d).
91. Find × ÷ = ____
Solution
× ÷
= × ÷
= =
= ×
92. If = .
, then x = ____.
(a) 12 (b) 10 (c) 8 (d) 4
Solution
= .
=
4x + 8 = 10x − 16
6x = 24 x = 4
Hence, the correct option is (d).
93. If = 2048, then (4n + 3 ) = ____.
(a) 175 (b) 25 (c) 125 (d) 75
Solution
= 2048
= n=7
2n-3 = 11
2n = 15 n=7
(4n + 3 )= 4 × 7 + 3 ×
= 175.
94. If = 2401 where a and b are positive integers
and a ≠ 1, then which of the following is (are) correct?
I. a = b II. a > b III. a < b
(a) Either I or III (b) Either II or III
(c) Either I or II (d) I only
Solution
Can be written; = 2401, in the case a > b.
= 2401 , in this case a = b.
Hence, the correct option is (c).
95. If = 729, then find the minimum possible
value of a + b + c (where a, b, and c are positive integers).
(a) 29 (b) 13 (c) 12 (d) 10
Solution
Can be written ; , , , ,
Minimum possible value of a + b + c = 3 + 6 + 1 = 10.
96. If = = .
,
then find the sum of x and y.
Solution
= = .
= =
2x − 2 = 4x − 10 and 3y − 3 = 4x – 10
x=4 y=3
The sum of x and y is 7.
97. × =……
Solution
×
= [(
=
= = =
= 125
98. If a = ( − ), and b = ( − ),
then find the value of .
Solution
−
=
( )( )
=
=0 ( a + b = 0)
99. If = z, = x, and = y, then what is
The value of a? (None of x, y, and z is either 0 or 1.)
Solution
= z, = x, and =y
= xyz
= xyz
2a = 1
a=
×
100. Find =
×
Solution
×
=
×
=
=