Core Java - Java 25 Version

PDF 3 : Arrays, Strings and Pattern Programs

Chapter 1

What is Array?
-> Array is used to store multiple values in single variable.

Real-time Example:

Suppose a student has marks in 5 subjects.

Without array:
mark1 = 90
mark2 = 80
mark3 = 70

Using array:
marks = {90,80,70,60,95}

Advantages:
1) Less code
2) Easy maintenance
3) Easy traversal
4) Faster processing

Program:

class ArrayDemo {

void main() {

// Creating array
int[] nums = {10,20,30,40,50};

// Printing values
[Link](nums[0]);
[Link](nums[1]);
[Link](nums[2]);
}
}

Output:
10
20
30

Explanation:

nums[0] -> first element

nums[1] -> second element
nums[2] -> third element

Important:
Array index always starts from 0.

--------------------------------------------------

What is String?
-> String is used to store group of characters.

Examples:
"Java"
"Mahesh"
"Hello World"

Program:

class StringDemo {
void main() {
 // Storing string
var name = "Mahesh";

// Printing string
[Link](name);
}
}

Output:
Mahesh

--------------------------------------------------

String Methods:

length()
toUpperCase()
toLowerCase()
charAt()

Program:

class StringMethods {

void main() {

var name = "Java";

// Total characters count

[Link]([Link]());

// Converts into uppercase

[Link]([Link]());

// Converts into lowercase

[Link]([Link]());

// Character at index 1
[Link]([Link](1));
}
}

Output:
4
JAVA
java
a

--------------------------------------------------

Pattern Program:

class Pattern {

void main() {

// Outer loop
for(var i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {

// Inner loop
for(var j = 1; j <= 5; j++) {

// Printing star
[Link]("* ");
}

// Next line
[Link]();
}
}
}

Output:

* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
Explanation:

Outer loop controls rows.

Inner loop controls columns.

--------------------------------------------------

Palindrome Program:

class PalindromeDemo {

void main() {

// Original number
var num = 121;

// Temporary variable
var temp = num;

// Reverse number
var rev = 0;

while(num > 0) {

// Last digit
var rem = num % 10;

// Reverse calculation
rev = (rev * 10) + rem;

// Removing digit
num = num / 10;
}

// Comparing values
if(temp == rev) {

[Link]("Palindrome");

} else {

[Link]("Not Palindrome");
}
}
}

Output:
Palindrome

Interview Questions:
1) What is array?
2) What is String?
3) Difference between == and equals()?
4) Why array index starts from 0?
5) Explain palindrome logic.

Chapter 2

What is Array?
-> Array is used to store multiple values in single variable.

Real-time Example:

Suppose a student has marks in 5 subjects.

Without array:
mark1 = 90
mark2 = 80
mark3 = 70

Using array:
marks = {90,80,70,60,95}

Advantages:
1) Less code
2) Easy maintenance
3) Easy traversal
4) Faster processing
Program:

class ArrayDemo {

void main() {

// Creating array
int[] nums = {10,20,30,40,50};

// Printing values
[Link](nums[0]);
[Link](nums[1]);
[Link](nums[2]);
}
}

Output:
10
20
30

Explanation:

nums[0] -> first element

nums[1] -> second element
nums[2] -> third element

Important:
Array index always starts from 0.

--------------------------------------------------

What is String?
-> String is used to store group of characters.

Examples:
"Java"
"Mahesh"
"Hello World"

Program:

class StringDemo {

void main() {

// Storing string
var name = "Mahesh";

// Printing string
[Link](name);
}
}

Output:
Mahesh

--------------------------------------------------

String Methods:

length()
toUpperCase()
toLowerCase()
charAt()

Program:

class StringMethods {

void main() {

var name = "Java";

// Total characters count

[Link]([Link]());

// Converts into uppercase

[Link]([Link]());
 // Converts into lowercase
[Link]([Link]());

// Character at index 1
[Link]([Link](1));
}
}

Output:
4
JAVA
java
a

--------------------------------------------------

Pattern Program:

class Pattern {

void main() {

// Outer loop
for(var i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {

// Inner loop
for(var j = 1; j <= 5; j++) {

// Printing star
[Link]("* ");
}

// Next line
[Link]();
}
}
}

Output:

* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *

Explanation:

Outer loop controls rows.

Inner loop controls columns.

--------------------------------------------------

Palindrome Program:

class PalindromeDemo {

void main() {

// Original number
var num = 121;

// Temporary variable
var temp = num;

// Reverse number
var rev = 0;

while(num > 0) {

// Last digit
var rem = num % 10;

// Reverse calculation
rev = (rev * 10) + rem;

// Removing digit
num = num / 10;
}
 // Comparing values
if(temp == rev) {

[Link]("Palindrome");

} else {

[Link]("Not Palindrome");
}
}
}

Output:
Palindrome

Interview Questions:
1) What is array?
2) What is String?
3) Difference between == and equals()?
4) Why array index starts from 0?
5) Explain palindrome logic.
Chapter 3

What is Array?
-> Array is used to store multiple values in single variable.

Real-time Example:

Suppose a student has marks in 5 subjects.

Without array:
mark1 = 90
mark2 = 80
mark3 = 70

Using array:
marks = {90,80,70,60,95}

Advantages:
1) Less code
2) Easy maintenance
3) Easy traversal
4) Faster processing

Program:

class ArrayDemo {

void main() {

// Creating array
int[] nums = {10,20,30,40,50};

// Printing values
[Link](nums[0]);
[Link](nums[1]);
[Link](nums[2]);
}
}

Output:
10
20
30

Explanation:

nums[0] -> first element

nums[1] -> second element
nums[2] -> third element

Important:
Array index always starts from 0.

--------------------------------------------------

What is String?
-> String is used to store group of characters.

Examples:
"Java"
"Mahesh"
"Hello World"

Program:

class StringDemo {

void main() {

// Storing string
var name = "Mahesh";

// Printing string
[Link](name);
}
}

Output:
Mahesh
--------------------------------------------------

String Methods:

length()
toUpperCase()
toLowerCase()
charAt()

Program:

class StringMethods {

void main() {

var name = "Java";

// Total characters count

[Link]([Link]());

// Converts into uppercase

[Link]([Link]());

// Converts into lowercase

[Link]([Link]());

// Character at index 1
[Link]([Link](1));
}
}

Output:
4
JAVA
java
a

--------------------------------------------------

Pattern Program:

class Pattern {

void main() {

// Outer loop
for(var i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {

// Inner loop
for(var j = 1; j <= 5; j++) {

// Printing star
[Link]("* ");
}

// Next line
[Link]();
}
}
}

Output:

* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *

Explanation:

Outer loop controls rows.

Inner loop controls columns.

--------------------------------------------------

Palindrome Program:

class PalindromeDemo {
 void main() {

// Original number
var num = 121;

// Temporary variable
var temp = num;

// Reverse number
var rev = 0;

while(num > 0) {

// Last digit
var rem = num % 10;

// Reverse calculation
rev = (rev * 10) + rem;

// Removing digit
num = num / 10;
}

// Comparing values
if(temp == rev) {

[Link]("Palindrome");

} else {

[Link]("Not Palindrome");
}
}
}

Output:
Palindrome

Interview Questions:
1) What is array?
2) What is String?
3) Difference between == and equals()?
4) Why array index starts from 0?
5) Explain palindrome logic.

Chapter 4

What is Array?
-> Array is used to store multiple values in single variable.

Real-time Example:

Suppose a student has marks in 5 subjects.

Without array:
mark1 = 90
mark2 = 80
mark3 = 70

Using array:
marks = {90,80,70,60,95}

Advantages:
1) Less code
2) Easy maintenance
3) Easy traversal
4) Faster processing

Program:

class ArrayDemo {

void main() {

// Creating array
int[] nums = {10,20,30,40,50};

// Printing values
 [Link](nums[0]);
[Link](nums[1]);
[Link](nums[2]);
}
}

Output:
10
20
30

Explanation:

nums[0] -> first element

nums[1] -> second element
nums[2] -> third element

Important:
Array index always starts from 0.

--------------------------------------------------

What is String?
-> String is used to store group of characters.

Examples:
"Java"
"Mahesh"
"Hello World"

Program:

class StringDemo {

void main() {

// Storing string
var name = "Mahesh";

// Printing string
[Link](name);
}
}

Output:
Mahesh

--------------------------------------------------

String Methods:

length()
toUpperCase()
toLowerCase()
charAt()

Program:

class StringMethods {

void main() {

var name = "Java";

// Total characters count

[Link]([Link]());

// Converts into uppercase

[Link]([Link]());

// Converts into lowercase

[Link]([Link]());

// Character at index 1
[Link]([Link](1));
}
}

Output:
4
JAVA
java
a

--------------------------------------------------

Pattern Program:

class Pattern {

void main() {

// Outer loop
for(var i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {

// Inner loop
for(var j = 1; j <= 5; j++) {

// Printing star
[Link]("* ");
}

// Next line
[Link]();
}
}
}

Output:

* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *

Explanation:

Outer loop controls rows.

Inner loop controls columns.

--------------------------------------------------

Palindrome Program:

class PalindromeDemo {

void main() {

// Original number
var num = 121;

// Temporary variable
var temp = num;

// Reverse number
var rev = 0;

while(num > 0) {

// Last digit
var rem = num % 10;

// Reverse calculation
rev = (rev * 10) + rem;

// Removing digit
num = num / 10;
}

// Comparing values
if(temp == rev) {

[Link]("Palindrome");

} else {

[Link]("Not Palindrome");
 }
}
}

Output:
Palindrome

Interview Questions:
1) What is array?
2) What is String?
3) Difference between == and equals()?
4) Why array index starts from 0?
5) Explain palindrome logic.
Chapter 5

What is Array?
-> Array is used to store multiple values in single variable.

Real-time Example:

Suppose a student has marks in 5 subjects.

Without array:
mark1 = 90
mark2 = 80
mark3 = 70

Using array:
marks = {90,80,70,60,95}

Advantages:
1) Less code
2) Easy maintenance
3) Easy traversal
4) Faster processing

Program:

class ArrayDemo {

void main() {

// Creating array
int[] nums = {10,20,30,40,50};

// Printing values
[Link](nums[0]);
[Link](nums[1]);
[Link](nums[2]);
}
}

Output:
10
20
30

Explanation:

nums[0] -> first element

nums[1] -> second element
nums[2] -> third element

Important:
Array index always starts from 0.

--------------------------------------------------

What is String?
-> String is used to store group of characters.

Examples:
"Java"
"Mahesh"
"Hello World"

Program:

class StringDemo {

void main() {

// Storing string
var name = "Mahesh";

// Printing string
[Link](name);
}
}

Output:
Mahesh
--------------------------------------------------

String Methods:

length()
toUpperCase()
toLowerCase()
charAt()

Program:

class StringMethods {

void main() {

var name = "Java";

// Total characters count

[Link]([Link]());

// Converts into uppercase

[Link]([Link]());

// Converts into lowercase

[Link]([Link]());

// Character at index 1
[Link]([Link](1));
}
}

Output:
4
JAVA
java
a

--------------------------------------------------

Pattern Program:

class Pattern {

void main() {

// Outer loop
for(var i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {

// Inner loop
for(var j = 1; j <= 5; j++) {

// Printing star
[Link]("* ");
}

// Next line
[Link]();
}
}
}

Output:

* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *

Explanation:

Outer loop controls rows.

Inner loop controls columns.

--------------------------------------------------

Palindrome Program:

class PalindromeDemo {
 void main() {

// Original number
var num = 121;

// Temporary variable
var temp = num;

// Reverse number
var rev = 0;

while(num > 0) {

// Last digit
var rem = num % 10;

// Reverse calculation
rev = (rev * 10) + rem;

// Removing digit
num = num / 10;
}

// Comparing values
if(temp == rev) {

[Link]("Palindrome");

} else {

[Link]("Not Palindrome");
}
}
}

Output:
Palindrome

Interview Questions:
1) What is array?
2) What is String?
3) Difference between == and equals()?
4) Why array index starts from 0?
5) Explain palindrome logic.

Chapter 6

What is Array?
-> Array is used to store multiple values in single variable.

Real-time Example:

Suppose a student has marks in 5 subjects.

Without array:
mark1 = 90
mark2 = 80
mark3 = 70

Using array:
marks = {90,80,70,60,95}

Advantages:
1) Less code
2) Easy maintenance
3) Easy traversal
4) Faster processing

Program:

class ArrayDemo {

void main() {

// Creating array
int[] nums = {10,20,30,40,50};

// Printing values
 [Link](nums[0]);
[Link](nums[1]);
[Link](nums[2]);
}
}

Output:
10
20
30

Explanation:

nums[0] -> first element

nums[1] -> second element
nums[2] -> third element

Important:
Array index always starts from 0.

--------------------------------------------------

What is String?
-> String is used to store group of characters.

Examples:
"Java"
"Mahesh"
"Hello World"

Program:

class StringDemo {

void main() {

// Storing string
var name = "Mahesh";

// Printing string
[Link](name);
}
}

Output:
Mahesh

--------------------------------------------------

String Methods:

length()
toUpperCase()
toLowerCase()
charAt()

Program:

class StringMethods {

void main() {

var name = "Java";

// Total characters count

[Link]([Link]());

// Converts into uppercase

[Link]([Link]());

// Converts into lowercase

[Link]([Link]());

// Character at index 1
[Link]([Link](1));
}
}

Output:
4
JAVA
java
a

--------------------------------------------------

Pattern Program:

class Pattern {

void main() {

// Outer loop
for(var i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {

// Inner loop
for(var j = 1; j <= 5; j++) {

// Printing star
[Link]("* ");
}

// Next line
[Link]();
}
}
}

Output:

* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *

Explanation:

Outer loop controls rows.

Inner loop controls columns.

--------------------------------------------------

Palindrome Program:

class PalindromeDemo {

void main() {

// Original number
var num = 121;

// Temporary variable
var temp = num;

// Reverse number
var rev = 0;

while(num > 0) {

// Last digit
var rem = num % 10;

// Reverse calculation
rev = (rev * 10) + rem;

// Removing digit
num = num / 10;
}

// Comparing values
if(temp == rev) {

[Link]("Palindrome");

} else {

[Link]("Not Palindrome");
 }
}
}

Output:
Palindrome

Interview Questions:
1) What is array?
2) What is String?
3) Difference between == and equals()?
4) Why array index starts from 0?
5) Explain palindrome logic.
Chapter 7

What is Array?
-> Array is used to store multiple values in single variable.

Real-time Example:

Suppose a student has marks in 5 subjects.

Without array:
mark1 = 90
mark2 = 80
mark3 = 70

Using array:
marks = {90,80,70,60,95}

Advantages:
1) Less code
2) Easy maintenance
3) Easy traversal
4) Faster processing

Program:

class ArrayDemo {

void main() {

// Creating array
int[] nums = {10,20,30,40,50};

// Printing values
[Link](nums[0]);
[Link](nums[1]);
[Link](nums[2]);
}
}

Output:
10
20
30

Explanation:

nums[0] -> first element

nums[1] -> second element
nums[2] -> third element

Important:
Array index always starts from 0.

--------------------------------------------------

What is String?
-> String is used to store group of characters.

Examples:
"Java"
"Mahesh"
"Hello World"

Program:

class StringDemo {

void main() {

// Storing string
var name = "Mahesh";

// Printing string
[Link](name);
}
}

Output:
Mahesh
--------------------------------------------------

String Methods:

length()
toUpperCase()
toLowerCase()
charAt()

Program:

class StringMethods {

void main() {

var name = "Java";

// Total characters count

[Link]([Link]());

// Converts into uppercase

[Link]([Link]());

// Converts into lowercase

[Link]([Link]());

// Character at index 1
[Link]([Link](1));
}
}

Output:
4
JAVA
java
a

--------------------------------------------------

Pattern Program:

class Pattern {

void main() {

// Outer loop
for(var i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {

// Inner loop
for(var j = 1; j <= 5; j++) {

// Printing star
[Link]("* ");
}

// Next line
[Link]();
}
}
}

Output:

* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *

Explanation:

Outer loop controls rows.

Inner loop controls columns.

--------------------------------------------------

Palindrome Program:

class PalindromeDemo {
 void main() {

// Original number
var num = 121;

// Temporary variable
var temp = num;

// Reverse number
var rev = 0;

while(num > 0) {

// Last digit
var rem = num % 10;

// Reverse calculation
rev = (rev * 10) + rem;

// Removing digit
num = num / 10;
}

// Comparing values
if(temp == rev) {

[Link]("Palindrome");

} else {

[Link]("Not Palindrome");
}
}
}

Output:
Palindrome

Interview Questions:
1) What is array?
2) What is String?
3) Difference between == and equals()?
4) Why array index starts from 0?
5) Explain palindrome logic.

Chapter 8

What is Array?
-> Array is used to store multiple values in single variable.

Real-time Example:

Suppose a student has marks in 5 subjects.

Without array:
mark1 = 90
mark2 = 80
mark3 = 70

Using array:
marks = {90,80,70,60,95}

Advantages:
1) Less code
2) Easy maintenance
3) Easy traversal
4) Faster processing

Program:

class ArrayDemo {

void main() {

// Creating array
int[] nums = {10,20,30,40,50};

// Printing values
 [Link](nums[0]);
[Link](nums[1]);
[Link](nums[2]);
}
}

Output:
10
20
30

Explanation:

nums[0] -> first element

nums[1] -> second element
nums[2] -> third element

Important:
Array index always starts from 0.

--------------------------------------------------

What is String?
-> String is used to store group of characters.

Examples:
"Java"
"Mahesh"
"Hello World"

Program:

class StringDemo {

void main() {

// Storing string
var name = "Mahesh";

// Printing string
[Link](name);
}
}

Output:
Mahesh

--------------------------------------------------

String Methods:

length()
toUpperCase()
toLowerCase()
charAt()

Program:

class StringMethods {

void main() {

var name = "Java";

// Total characters count

[Link]([Link]());

// Converts into uppercase

[Link]([Link]());

// Converts into lowercase

[Link]([Link]());

// Character at index 1
[Link]([Link](1));
}
}

Output:
4
JAVA
java
a

--------------------------------------------------

Pattern Program:

class Pattern {

void main() {

// Outer loop
for(var i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {

// Inner loop
for(var j = 1; j <= 5; j++) {

// Printing star
[Link]("* ");
}

// Next line
[Link]();
}
}
}

Output:

* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *

Explanation:

Outer loop controls rows.

Inner loop controls columns.

--------------------------------------------------

Palindrome Program:

class PalindromeDemo {

void main() {

// Original number
var num = 121;

// Temporary variable
var temp = num;

// Reverse number
var rev = 0;

while(num > 0) {

// Last digit
var rem = num % 10;

// Reverse calculation
rev = (rev * 10) + rem;

// Removing digit
num = num / 10;
}

// Comparing values
if(temp == rev) {

[Link]("Palindrome");

} else {

[Link]("Not Palindrome");
 }
}
}

Output:
Palindrome

Interview Questions:
1) What is array?
2) What is String?
3) Difference between == and equals()?
4) Why array index starts from 0?
5) Explain palindrome logic.
Chapter 9

What is Array?
-> Array is used to store multiple values in single variable.

Real-time Example:

Suppose a student has marks in 5 subjects.

Without array:
mark1 = 90
mark2 = 80
mark3 = 70

Using array:
marks = {90,80,70,60,95}

Advantages:
1) Less code
2) Easy maintenance
3) Easy traversal
4) Faster processing

Program:

class ArrayDemo {

void main() {

// Creating array
int[] nums = {10,20,30,40,50};

// Printing values
[Link](nums[0]);
[Link](nums[1]);
[Link](nums[2]);
}
}

Output:
10
20
30

Explanation:

nums[0] -> first element

nums[1] -> second element
nums[2] -> third element

Important:
Array index always starts from 0.

--------------------------------------------------

What is String?
-> String is used to store group of characters.

Examples:
"Java"
"Mahesh"
"Hello World"

Program:

class StringDemo {

void main() {

// Storing string
var name = "Mahesh";

// Printing string
[Link](name);
}
}

Output:
Mahesh
--------------------------------------------------

String Methods:

length()
toUpperCase()
toLowerCase()
charAt()

Program:

class StringMethods {

void main() {

var name = "Java";

// Total characters count

[Link]([Link]());

// Converts into uppercase

[Link]([Link]());

// Converts into lowercase

[Link]([Link]());

// Character at index 1
[Link]([Link](1));
}
}

Output:
4
JAVA
java
a

--------------------------------------------------

Pattern Program:

class Pattern {

void main() {

// Outer loop
for(var i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {

// Inner loop
for(var j = 1; j <= 5; j++) {

// Printing star
[Link]("* ");
}

// Next line
[Link]();
}
}
}

Output:

* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *

Explanation:

Outer loop controls rows.

Inner loop controls columns.

--------------------------------------------------

Palindrome Program:

class PalindromeDemo {
 void main() {

// Original number
var num = 121;

// Temporary variable
var temp = num;

// Reverse number
var rev = 0;

while(num > 0) {

// Last digit
var rem = num % 10;

// Reverse calculation
rev = (rev * 10) + rem;

// Removing digit
num = num / 10;
}

// Comparing values
if(temp == rev) {

[Link]("Palindrome");

} else {

[Link]("Not Palindrome");
}
}
}

Output:
Palindrome

Interview Questions:
1) What is array?
2) What is String?
3) Difference between == and equals()?
4) Why array index starts from 0?
5) Explain palindrome logic.

Chapter 10

What is Array?
-> Array is used to store multiple values in single variable.

Real-time Example:

Suppose a student has marks in 5 subjects.

Without array:
mark1 = 90
mark2 = 80
mark3 = 70

Using array:
marks = {90,80,70,60,95}

Advantages:
1) Less code
2) Easy maintenance
3) Easy traversal
4) Faster processing

Program:

class ArrayDemo {

void main() {

// Creating array
int[] nums = {10,20,30,40,50};

// Printing values
 [Link](nums[0]);
[Link](nums[1]);
[Link](nums[2]);
}
}

Output:
10
20
30

Explanation:

nums[0] -> first element

nums[1] -> second element
nums[2] -> third element

Important:
Array index always starts from 0.

--------------------------------------------------

What is String?
-> String is used to store group of characters.

Examples:
"Java"
"Mahesh"
"Hello World"

Program:

class StringDemo {

void main() {

// Storing string
var name = "Mahesh";

// Printing string
[Link](name);
}
}

Output:
Mahesh

--------------------------------------------------

String Methods:

length()
toUpperCase()
toLowerCase()
charAt()

Program:

class StringMethods {

void main() {

var name = "Java";

// Total characters count

[Link]([Link]());

// Converts into uppercase

[Link]([Link]());

// Converts into lowercase

[Link]([Link]());

// Character at index 1
[Link]([Link](1));
}
}

Output:
4
JAVA
java
a

--------------------------------------------------

Pattern Program:

class Pattern {

void main() {

// Outer loop
for(var i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {

// Inner loop
for(var j = 1; j <= 5; j++) {

// Printing star
[Link]("* ");
}

// Next line
[Link]();
}
}
}

Output:

* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *

Explanation:

Outer loop controls rows.

Inner loop controls columns.

--------------------------------------------------

Palindrome Program:

class PalindromeDemo {

void main() {

// Original number
var num = 121;

// Temporary variable
var temp = num;

// Reverse number
var rev = 0;

while(num > 0) {

// Last digit
var rem = num % 10;

// Reverse calculation
rev = (rev * 10) + rem;

// Removing digit
num = num / 10;
}

// Comparing values
if(temp == rev) {

[Link]("Palindrome");

} else {

[Link]("Not Palindrome");
 }
}
}

Output:
Palindrome

Interview Questions:
1) What is array?
2) What is String?
3) Difference between == and equals()?
4) Why array index starts from 0?
5) Explain palindrome logic.
Chapter 11

What is Array?
-> Array is used to store multiple values in single variable.

Real-time Example:

Suppose a student has marks in 5 subjects.

Without array:
mark1 = 90
mark2 = 80
mark3 = 70

Using array:
marks = {90,80,70,60,95}

Advantages:
1) Less code
2) Easy maintenance
3) Easy traversal
4) Faster processing

Program:

class ArrayDemo {

void main() {

// Creating array
int[] nums = {10,20,30,40,50};

// Printing values
[Link](nums[0]);
[Link](nums[1]);
[Link](nums[2]);
}
}

Output:
10
20
30

Explanation:

nums[0] -> first element

nums[1] -> second element
nums[2] -> third element

Important:
Array index always starts from 0.

--------------------------------------------------

What is String?
-> String is used to store group of characters.

Examples:
"Java"
"Mahesh"
"Hello World"

Program:

class StringDemo {

void main() {

// Storing string
var name = "Mahesh";

// Printing string
[Link](name);
}
}

Output:
Mahesh
--------------------------------------------------

String Methods:

length()
toUpperCase()
toLowerCase()
charAt()

Program:

class StringMethods {

void main() {

var name = "Java";

// Total characters count

[Link]([Link]());

// Converts into uppercase

[Link]([Link]());

// Converts into lowercase

[Link]([Link]());

// Character at index 1
[Link]([Link](1));
}
}

Output:
4
JAVA
java
a

--------------------------------------------------

Pattern Program:

class Pattern {

void main() {

// Outer loop
for(var i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {

// Inner loop
for(var j = 1; j <= 5; j++) {

// Printing star
[Link]("* ");
}

// Next line
[Link]();
}
}
}

Output:

* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *

Explanation:

Outer loop controls rows.

Inner loop controls columns.

--------------------------------------------------

Palindrome Program:

class PalindromeDemo {
 void main() {

// Original number
var num = 121;

// Temporary variable
var temp = num;

// Reverse number
var rev = 0;

while(num > 0) {

// Last digit
var rem = num % 10;

// Reverse calculation
rev = (rev * 10) + rem;

// Removing digit
num = num / 10;
}

// Comparing values
if(temp == rev) {

[Link]("Palindrome");

} else {

[Link]("Not Palindrome");
}
}
}

Output:
Palindrome

Interview Questions:
1) What is array?
2) What is String?
3) Difference between == and equals()?
4) Why array index starts from 0?
5) Explain palindrome logic.

Chapter 12

What is Array?
-> Array is used to store multiple values in single variable.

Real-time Example:

Suppose a student has marks in 5 subjects.

Without array:
mark1 = 90
mark2 = 80
mark3 = 70

Using array:
marks = {90,80,70,60,95}

Advantages:
1) Less code
2) Easy maintenance
3) Easy traversal
4) Faster processing

Program:

class ArrayDemo {

void main() {

// Creating array
int[] nums = {10,20,30,40,50};

// Printing values
 [Link](nums[0]);
[Link](nums[1]);
[Link](nums[2]);
}
}

Output:
10
20
30

Explanation:

nums[0] -> first element

nums[1] -> second element
nums[2] -> third element

Important:
Array index always starts from 0.

--------------------------------------------------

What is String?
-> String is used to store group of characters.

Examples:
"Java"
"Mahesh"
"Hello World"

Program:

class StringDemo {

void main() {

// Storing string
var name = "Mahesh";

// Printing string
[Link](name);
}
}

Output:
Mahesh

--------------------------------------------------

String Methods:

length()
toUpperCase()
toLowerCase()
charAt()

Program:

class StringMethods {

void main() {

var name = "Java";

// Total characters count

[Link]([Link]());

// Converts into uppercase

[Link]([Link]());

// Converts into lowercase

[Link]([Link]());

// Character at index 1
[Link]([Link](1));
}
}

Output:
4
JAVA
java
a

--------------------------------------------------

Pattern Program:

class Pattern {

void main() {

// Outer loop
for(var i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {

// Inner loop
for(var j = 1; j <= 5; j++) {

// Printing star
[Link]("* ");
}

// Next line
[Link]();
}
}
}

Output:

* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *

Explanation:

Outer loop controls rows.

Inner loop controls columns.

--------------------------------------------------

Palindrome Program:

class PalindromeDemo {

void main() {

// Original number
var num = 121;

// Temporary variable
var temp = num;

// Reverse number
var rev = 0;

while(num > 0) {

// Last digit
var rem = num % 10;

// Reverse calculation
rev = (rev * 10) + rem;

// Removing digit
num = num / 10;
}

// Comparing values
if(temp == rev) {

[Link]("Palindrome");

} else {

[Link]("Not Palindrome");
 }
}
}

Output:
Palindrome

Interview Questions:
1) What is array?
2) What is String?
3) Difference between == and equals()?
4) Why array index starts from 0?
5) Explain palindrome logic.
Chapter 13

What is Array?
-> Array is used to store multiple values in single variable.

Real-time Example:

Suppose a student has marks in 5 subjects.

Without array:
mark1 = 90
mark2 = 80
mark3 = 70

Using array:
marks = {90,80,70,60,95}

Advantages:
1) Less code
2) Easy maintenance
3) Easy traversal
4) Faster processing

Program:

class ArrayDemo {

void main() {

// Creating array
int[] nums = {10,20,30,40,50};

// Printing values
[Link](nums[0]);
[Link](nums[1]);
[Link](nums[2]);
}
}

Output:
10
20
30

Explanation:

nums[0] -> first element

nums[1] -> second element
nums[2] -> third element

Important:
Array index always starts from 0.

--------------------------------------------------

What is String?
-> String is used to store group of characters.

Examples:
"Java"
"Mahesh"
"Hello World"

Program:

class StringDemo {

void main() {

// Storing string
var name = "Mahesh";

// Printing string
[Link](name);
}
}

Output:
Mahesh
--------------------------------------------------

String Methods:

length()
toUpperCase()
toLowerCase()
charAt()

Program:

class StringMethods {

void main() {

var name = "Java";

// Total characters count

[Link]([Link]());

// Converts into uppercase

[Link]([Link]());

// Converts into lowercase

[Link]([Link]());

// Character at index 1
[Link]([Link](1));
}
}

Output:
4
JAVA
java
a

--------------------------------------------------

Pattern Program:

class Pattern {

void main() {

// Outer loop
for(var i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {

// Inner loop
for(var j = 1; j <= 5; j++) {

// Printing star
[Link]("* ");
}

// Next line
[Link]();
}
}
}

Output:

* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *

Explanation:

Outer loop controls rows.

Inner loop controls columns.

--------------------------------------------------

Palindrome Program:

class PalindromeDemo {
 void main() {

// Original number
var num = 121;

// Temporary variable
var temp = num;

// Reverse number
var rev = 0;

while(num > 0) {

// Last digit
var rem = num % 10;

// Reverse calculation
rev = (rev * 10) + rem;

// Removing digit
num = num / 10;
}

// Comparing values
if(temp == rev) {

[Link]("Palindrome");

} else {

[Link]("Not Palindrome");
}
}
}

Output:
Palindrome

Interview Questions:
1) What is array?
2) What is String?
3) Difference between == and equals()?
4) Why array index starts from 0?
5) Explain palindrome logic.

Chapter 14

What is Array?
-> Array is used to store multiple values in single variable.

Real-time Example:

Suppose a student has marks in 5 subjects.

Without array:
mark1 = 90
mark2 = 80
mark3 = 70

Using array:
marks = {90,80,70,60,95}

Advantages:
1) Less code
2) Easy maintenance
3) Easy traversal
4) Faster processing

Program:

class ArrayDemo {

void main() {

// Creating array
int[] nums = {10,20,30,40,50};

// Printing values
 [Link](nums[0]);
[Link](nums[1]);
[Link](nums[2]);
}
}

Output:
10
20
30

Explanation:

nums[0] -> first element

nums[1] -> second element
nums[2] -> third element

Important:
Array index always starts from 0.

--------------------------------------------------

What is String?
-> String is used to store group of characters.

Examples:
"Java"
"Mahesh"
"Hello World"

Program:

class StringDemo {

void main() {

// Storing string
var name = "Mahesh";

// Printing string
[Link](name);
}
}

Output:
Mahesh

--------------------------------------------------

String Methods:

length()
toUpperCase()
toLowerCase()
charAt()

Program:

class StringMethods {

void main() {

var name = "Java";

// Total characters count

[Link]([Link]());

// Converts into uppercase

[Link]([Link]());

// Converts into lowercase

[Link]([Link]());

// Character at index 1
[Link]([Link](1));
}
}

Output:
4
JAVA
java
a

--------------------------------------------------

Pattern Program:

class Pattern {

void main() {

// Outer loop
for(var i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {

// Inner loop
for(var j = 1; j <= 5; j++) {

// Printing star
[Link]("* ");
}

// Next line
[Link]();
}
}
}

Output:

* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *

Explanation:

Outer loop controls rows.

Inner loop controls columns.

--------------------------------------------------

Palindrome Program:

class PalindromeDemo {

void main() {

// Original number
var num = 121;

// Temporary variable
var temp = num;

// Reverse number
var rev = 0;

while(num > 0) {

// Last digit
var rem = num % 10;

// Reverse calculation
rev = (rev * 10) + rem;

// Removing digit
num = num / 10;
}

// Comparing values
if(temp == rev) {

[Link]("Palindrome");

} else {

[Link]("Not Palindrome");
 }
}
}

Output:
Palindrome

Interview Questions:
1) What is array?
2) What is String?
3) Difference between == and equals()?
4) Why array index starts from 0?
5) Explain palindrome logic.
Chapter 15

What is Array?
-> Array is used to store multiple values in single variable.

Real-time Example:

Suppose a student has marks in 5 subjects.

Without array:
mark1 = 90
mark2 = 80
mark3 = 70

Using array:
marks = {90,80,70,60,95}

Advantages:
1) Less code
2) Easy maintenance
3) Easy traversal
4) Faster processing

Program:

class ArrayDemo {

void main() {

// Creating array
int[] nums = {10,20,30,40,50};

// Printing values
[Link](nums[0]);
[Link](nums[1]);
[Link](nums[2]);
}
}

Output:
10
20
30

Explanation:

nums[0] -> first element

nums[1] -> second element
nums[2] -> third element

Important:
Array index always starts from 0.

--------------------------------------------------

What is String?
-> String is used to store group of characters.

Examples:
"Java"
"Mahesh"
"Hello World"

Program:

class StringDemo {

void main() {

// Storing string
var name = "Mahesh";

// Printing string
[Link](name);
}
}

Output:
Mahesh
--------------------------------------------------

String Methods:

length()
toUpperCase()
toLowerCase()
charAt()

Program:

class StringMethods {

void main() {

var name = "Java";

// Total characters count

[Link]([Link]());

// Converts into uppercase

[Link]([Link]());

// Converts into lowercase

[Link]([Link]());

// Character at index 1
[Link]([Link](1));
}
}

Output:
4
JAVA
java
a

--------------------------------------------------

Pattern Program:

class Pattern {

void main() {

// Outer loop
for(var i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {

// Inner loop
for(var j = 1; j <= 5; j++) {

// Printing star
[Link]("* ");
}

// Next line
[Link]();
}
}
}

Output:

* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *

Explanation:

Outer loop controls rows.

Inner loop controls columns.

--------------------------------------------------

Palindrome Program:

class PalindromeDemo {
 void main() {

// Original number
var num = 121;

// Temporary variable
var temp = num;

// Reverse number
var rev = 0;

while(num > 0) {

// Last digit
var rem = num % 10;

// Reverse calculation
rev = (rev * 10) + rem;

// Removing digit
num = num / 10;
}

// Comparing values
if(temp == rev) {

[Link]("Palindrome");

} else {

[Link]("Not Palindrome");
}
}
}

Output:
Palindrome

Interview Questions:
1) What is array?
2) What is String?
3) Difference between == and equals()?
4) Why array index starts from 0?
5) Explain palindrome logic.

Chapter 16

What is Array?
-> Array is used to store multiple values in single variable.

Real-time Example:

Suppose a student has marks in 5 subjects.

Without array:
mark1 = 90
mark2 = 80
mark3 = 70

Using array:
marks = {90,80,70,60,95}

Advantages:
1) Less code
2) Easy maintenance
3) Easy traversal
4) Faster processing

Program:

class ArrayDemo {

void main() {

// Creating array
int[] nums = {10,20,30,40,50};

// Printing values
 [Link](nums[0]);
[Link](nums[1]);
[Link](nums[2]);
}
}

Output:
10
20
30

Explanation:

nums[0] -> first element

nums[1] -> second element
nums[2] -> third element

Important:
Array index always starts from 0.

--------------------------------------------------

What is String?
-> String is used to store group of characters.

Examples:
"Java"
"Mahesh"
"Hello World"

Program:

class StringDemo {

void main() {

// Storing string
var name = "Mahesh";

// Printing string
[Link](name);
}
}

Output:
Mahesh

--------------------------------------------------

String Methods:

length()
toUpperCase()
toLowerCase()
charAt()

Program:

class StringMethods {

void main() {

var name = "Java";

// Total characters count

[Link]([Link]());

// Converts into uppercase

[Link]([Link]());

// Converts into lowercase

[Link]([Link]());

// Character at index 1
[Link]([Link](1));
}
}

Output:
4
JAVA
java
a

--------------------------------------------------

Pattern Program:

class Pattern {

void main() {

// Outer loop
for(var i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {

// Inner loop
for(var j = 1; j <= 5; j++) {

// Printing star
[Link]("* ");
}

// Next line
[Link]();
}
}
}

Output:

* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *

Explanation:

Outer loop controls rows.

Inner loop controls columns.

--------------------------------------------------

Palindrome Program:

class PalindromeDemo {

void main() {

// Original number
var num = 121;

// Temporary variable
var temp = num;

// Reverse number
var rev = 0;

while(num > 0) {

// Last digit
var rem = num % 10;

// Reverse calculation
rev = (rev * 10) + rem;

// Removing digit
num = num / 10;
}

// Comparing values
if(temp == rev) {

[Link]("Palindrome");

} else {

[Link]("Not Palindrome");
 }
}
}

Output:
Palindrome

Interview Questions:
1) What is array?
2) What is String?
3) Difference between == and equals()?
4) Why array index starts from 0?
5) Explain palindrome logic.
Chapter 17

What is Array?
-> Array is used to store multiple values in single variable.

Real-time Example:

Suppose a student has marks in 5 subjects.

Without array:
mark1 = 90
mark2 = 80
mark3 = 70

Using array:
marks = {90,80,70,60,95}

Advantages:
1) Less code
2) Easy maintenance
3) Easy traversal
4) Faster processing

Program:

class ArrayDemo {

void main() {

// Creating array
int[] nums = {10,20,30,40,50};

// Printing values
[Link](nums[0]);
[Link](nums[1]);
[Link](nums[2]);
}
}

Output:
10
20
30

Explanation:

nums[0] -> first element

nums[1] -> second element
nums[2] -> third element

Important:
Array index always starts from 0.

--------------------------------------------------

What is String?
-> String is used to store group of characters.

Examples:
"Java"
"Mahesh"
"Hello World"

Program:

class StringDemo {

void main() {

// Storing string
var name = "Mahesh";

// Printing string
[Link](name);
}
}

Output:
Mahesh
--------------------------------------------------

String Methods:

length()
toUpperCase()
toLowerCase()
charAt()

Program:

class StringMethods {

void main() {

var name = "Java";

// Total characters count

[Link]([Link]());

// Converts into uppercase

[Link]([Link]());

// Converts into lowercase

[Link]([Link]());

// Character at index 1
[Link]([Link](1));
}
}

Output:
4
JAVA
java
a

--------------------------------------------------

Pattern Program:

class Pattern {

void main() {

// Outer loop
for(var i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {

// Inner loop
for(var j = 1; j <= 5; j++) {

// Printing star
[Link]("* ");
}

// Next line
[Link]();
}
}
}

Output:

* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *

Explanation:

Outer loop controls rows.

Inner loop controls columns.

--------------------------------------------------

Palindrome Program:

class PalindromeDemo {
 void main() {

// Original number
var num = 121;

// Temporary variable
var temp = num;

// Reverse number
var rev = 0;

while(num > 0) {

// Last digit
var rem = num % 10;

// Reverse calculation
rev = (rev * 10) + rem;

// Removing digit
num = num / 10;
}

// Comparing values
if(temp == rev) {

[Link]("Palindrome");

} else {

[Link]("Not Palindrome");
}
}
}

Output:
Palindrome

Interview Questions:
1) What is array?
2) What is String?
3) Difference between == and equals()?
4) Why array index starts from 0?
5) Explain palindrome logic.

Chapter 18

What is Array?
-> Array is used to store multiple values in single variable.

Real-time Example:

Suppose a student has marks in 5 subjects.

Without array:
mark1 = 90
mark2 = 80
mark3 = 70

Using array:
marks = {90,80,70,60,95}

Advantages:
1) Less code
2) Easy maintenance
3) Easy traversal
4) Faster processing

Program:

class ArrayDemo {

void main() {

// Creating array
int[] nums = {10,20,30,40,50};

// Printing values
 [Link](nums[0]);
[Link](nums[1]);
[Link](nums[2]);
}
}

Output:
10
20
30

Explanation:

nums[0] -> first element

nums[1] -> second element
nums[2] -> third element

Important:
Array index always starts from 0.

--------------------------------------------------

What is String?
-> String is used to store group of characters.

Examples:
"Java"
"Mahesh"
"Hello World"

Program:

class StringDemo {

void main() {

// Storing string
var name = "Mahesh";

// Printing string
[Link](name);
}
}

Output:
Mahesh

--------------------------------------------------

String Methods:

length()
toUpperCase()
toLowerCase()
charAt()

Program:

class StringMethods {

void main() {

var name = "Java";

// Total characters count

[Link]([Link]());

// Converts into uppercase

[Link]([Link]());

// Converts into lowercase

[Link]([Link]());

// Character at index 1
[Link]([Link](1));
}
}

Output:
4
JAVA
java
a

--------------------------------------------------

Pattern Program:

class Pattern {

void main() {

// Outer loop
for(var i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {

// Inner loop
for(var j = 1; j <= 5; j++) {

// Printing star
[Link]("* ");
}

// Next line
[Link]();
}
}
}

Output:

* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *

Explanation:

Outer loop controls rows.

Inner loop controls columns.

--------------------------------------------------

Palindrome Program:

class PalindromeDemo {

void main() {

// Original number
var num = 121;

// Temporary variable
var temp = num;

// Reverse number
var rev = 0;

while(num > 0) {

// Last digit
var rem = num % 10;

// Reverse calculation
rev = (rev * 10) + rem;

// Removing digit
num = num / 10;
}

// Comparing values
if(temp == rev) {

[Link]("Palindrome");

} else {

[Link]("Not Palindrome");
 }
}
}

Output:
Palindrome

Interview Questions:
1) What is array?
2) What is String?
3) Difference between == and equals()?
4) Why array index starts from 0?
5) Explain palindrome logic.
Chapter 19

What is Array?
-> Array is used to store multiple values in single variable.

Real-time Example:

Suppose a student has marks in 5 subjects.

Without array:
mark1 = 90
mark2 = 80
mark3 = 70

Using array:
marks = {90,80,70,60,95}

Advantages:
1) Less code
2) Easy maintenance
3) Easy traversal
4) Faster processing

Program:

class ArrayDemo {

void main() {

// Creating array
int[] nums = {10,20,30,40,50};

// Printing values
[Link](nums[0]);
[Link](nums[1]);
[Link](nums[2]);
}
}

Output:
10
20
30

Explanation:

nums[0] -> first element

nums[1] -> second element
nums[2] -> third element

Important:
Array index always starts from 0.

--------------------------------------------------

What is String?
-> String is used to store group of characters.

Examples:
"Java"
"Mahesh"
"Hello World"

Program:

class StringDemo {

void main() {

// Storing string
var name = "Mahesh";

// Printing string
[Link](name);
}
}

Output:
Mahesh
--------------------------------------------------

String Methods:

length()
toUpperCase()
toLowerCase()
charAt()

Program:

class StringMethods {

void main() {

var name = "Java";

// Total characters count

[Link]([Link]());

// Converts into uppercase

[Link]([Link]());

// Converts into lowercase

[Link]([Link]());

// Character at index 1
[Link]([Link](1));
}
}

Output:
4
JAVA
java
a

--------------------------------------------------

Pattern Program:

class Pattern {

void main() {

// Outer loop
for(var i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {

// Inner loop
for(var j = 1; j <= 5; j++) {

// Printing star
[Link]("* ");
}

// Next line
[Link]();
}
}
}

Output:

* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *

Explanation:

Outer loop controls rows.

Inner loop controls columns.

--------------------------------------------------

Palindrome Program:

class PalindromeDemo {
 void main() {

// Original number
var num = 121;

// Temporary variable
var temp = num;

// Reverse number
var rev = 0;

while(num > 0) {

// Last digit
var rem = num % 10;

// Reverse calculation
rev = (rev * 10) + rem;

// Removing digit
num = num / 10;
}

// Comparing values
if(temp == rev) {

[Link]("Palindrome");

} else {

[Link]("Not Palindrome");
}
}
}

Output:
Palindrome

Interview Questions:
1) What is array?
2) What is String?
3) Difference between == and equals()?
4) Why array index starts from 0?
5) Explain palindrome logic.

Chapter 20

What is Array?
-> Array is used to store multiple values in single variable.

Real-time Example:

Suppose a student has marks in 5 subjects.

Without array:
mark1 = 90
mark2 = 80
mark3 = 70

Using array:
marks = {90,80,70,60,95}

Advantages:
1) Less code
2) Easy maintenance
3) Easy traversal
4) Faster processing

Program:

class ArrayDemo {

void main() {

// Creating array
int[] nums = {10,20,30,40,50};

// Printing values
 [Link](nums[0]);
[Link](nums[1]);
[Link](nums[2]);
}
}

Output:
10
20
30

Explanation:

nums[0] -> first element

nums[1] -> second element
nums[2] -> third element

Important:
Array index always starts from 0.

--------------------------------------------------

What is String?
-> String is used to store group of characters.

Examples:
"Java"
"Mahesh"
"Hello World"

Program:

class StringDemo {

void main() {

// Storing string
var name = "Mahesh";

// Printing string
[Link](name);
}
}

Output:
Mahesh

--------------------------------------------------

String Methods:

length()
toUpperCase()
toLowerCase()
charAt()

Program:

class StringMethods {

void main() {

var name = "Java";

// Total characters count

[Link]([Link]());

// Converts into uppercase

[Link]([Link]());

// Converts into lowercase

[Link]([Link]());

// Character at index 1
[Link]([Link](1));
}
}

Output:
4
JAVA
java
a

--------------------------------------------------

Pattern Program:

class Pattern {

void main() {

// Outer loop
for(var i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {

// Inner loop
for(var j = 1; j <= 5; j++) {

// Printing star
[Link]("* ");
}

// Next line
[Link]();
}
}
}

Output:

* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *

Explanation:

Outer loop controls rows.

Inner loop controls columns.

--------------------------------------------------

Palindrome Program:

class PalindromeDemo {

void main() {

// Original number
var num = 121;

// Temporary variable
var temp = num;

// Reverse number
var rev = 0;

while(num > 0) {

// Last digit
var rem = num % 10;

// Reverse calculation
rev = (rev * 10) + rem;

// Removing digit
num = num / 10;
}

// Comparing values
if(temp == rev) {

[Link]("Palindrome");

} else {

[Link]("Not Palindrome");
 }
}
}

Output:
Palindrome

Interview Questions:
1) What is array?
2) What is String?
3) Difference between == and equals()?
4) Why array index starts from 0?
5) Explain palindrome logic.
Chapter 21

What is Array?
-> Array is used to store multiple values in single variable.

Real-time Example:

Suppose a student has marks in 5 subjects.

Without array:
mark1 = 90
mark2 = 80
mark3 = 70

Using array:
marks = {90,80,70,60,95}

Advantages:
1) Less code
2) Easy maintenance
3) Easy traversal
4) Faster processing

Program:

class ArrayDemo {

void main() {

// Creating array
int[] nums = {10,20,30,40,50};

// Printing values
[Link](nums[0]);
[Link](nums[1]);
[Link](nums[2]);
}
}

Output:
10
20
30

Explanation:

nums[0] -> first element

nums[1] -> second element
nums[2] -> third element

Important:
Array index always starts from 0.

--------------------------------------------------

What is String?
-> String is used to store group of characters.

Examples:
"Java"
"Mahesh"
"Hello World"

Program:

class StringDemo {

void main() {

// Storing string
var name = "Mahesh";

// Printing string
[Link](name);
}
}

Output:
Mahesh
--------------------------------------------------

String Methods:

length()
toUpperCase()
toLowerCase()
charAt()

Program:

class StringMethods {

void main() {

var name = "Java";

// Total characters count

[Link]([Link]());

// Converts into uppercase

[Link]([Link]());

// Converts into lowercase

[Link]([Link]());

// Character at index 1
[Link]([Link](1));
}
}

Output:
4
JAVA
java
a

--------------------------------------------------

Pattern Program:

class Pattern {

void main() {

// Outer loop
for(var i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {

// Inner loop
for(var j = 1; j <= 5; j++) {

// Printing star
[Link]("* ");
}

// Next line
[Link]();
}
}
}

Output:

* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *

Explanation:

Outer loop controls rows.

Inner loop controls columns.

--------------------------------------------------

Palindrome Program:

class PalindromeDemo {
 void main() {

// Original number
var num = 121;

// Temporary variable
var temp = num;

// Reverse number
var rev = 0;

while(num > 0) {

// Last digit
var rem = num % 10;

// Reverse calculation
rev = (rev * 10) + rem;

// Removing digit
num = num / 10;
}

// Comparing values
if(temp == rev) {

[Link]("Palindrome");

} else {

[Link]("Not Palindrome");
}
}
}

Output:
Palindrome

Interview Questions:
1) What is array?
2) What is String?
3) Difference between == and equals()?
4) Why array index starts from 0?
5) Explain palindrome logic.

Chapter 22

What is Array?
-> Array is used to store multiple values in single variable.

Real-time Example:

Suppose a student has marks in 5 subjects.

Without array:
mark1 = 90
mark2 = 80
mark3 = 70

Using array:
marks = {90,80,70,60,95}

Advantages:
1) Less code
2) Easy maintenance
3) Easy traversal
4) Faster processing

Program:

class ArrayDemo {

void main() {

// Creating array
int[] nums = {10,20,30,40,50};

// Printing values
 [Link](nums[0]);
[Link](nums[1]);
[Link](nums[2]);
}
}

Output:
10
20
30

Explanation:

nums[0] -> first element

nums[1] -> second element
nums[2] -> third element

Important:
Array index always starts from 0.

--------------------------------------------------

What is String?
-> String is used to store group of characters.

Examples:
"Java"
"Mahesh"
"Hello World"

Program:

class StringDemo {

void main() {

// Storing string
var name = "Mahesh";

// Printing string
[Link](name);
}
}

Output:
Mahesh

--------------------------------------------------

String Methods:

length()
toUpperCase()
toLowerCase()
charAt()

Program:

class StringMethods {

void main() {

var name = "Java";

// Total characters count

[Link]([Link]());

// Converts into uppercase

[Link]([Link]());

// Converts into lowercase

[Link]([Link]());

// Character at index 1
[Link]([Link](1));
}
}

Output:
4
JAVA
java
a

--------------------------------------------------

Pattern Program:

class Pattern {

void main() {

// Outer loop
for(var i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {

// Inner loop
for(var j = 1; j <= 5; j++) {

// Printing star
[Link]("* ");
}

// Next line
[Link]();
}
}
}

Output:

* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *

Explanation:

Outer loop controls rows.

Inner loop controls columns.

--------------------------------------------------

Palindrome Program:

class PalindromeDemo {

void main() {

// Original number
var num = 121;

// Temporary variable
var temp = num;

// Reverse number
var rev = 0;

while(num > 0) {

// Last digit
var rem = num % 10;

// Reverse calculation
rev = (rev * 10) + rem;

// Removing digit
num = num / 10;
}

// Comparing values
if(temp == rev) {

[Link]("Palindrome");

} else {

[Link]("Not Palindrome");
 }
}
}

Output:
Palindrome

Interview Questions:
1) What is array?
2) What is String?
3) Difference between == and equals()?
4) Why array index starts from 0?
5) Explain palindrome logic.
Chapter 23

What is Array?
-> Array is used to store multiple values in single variable.

Real-time Example:

Suppose a student has marks in 5 subjects.

Without array:
mark1 = 90
mark2 = 80
mark3 = 70

Using array:
marks = {90,80,70,60,95}

Advantages:
1) Less code
2) Easy maintenance
3) Easy traversal
4) Faster processing

Program:

class ArrayDemo {

void main() {

// Creating array
int[] nums = {10,20,30,40,50};

// Printing values
[Link](nums[0]);
[Link](nums[1]);
[Link](nums[2]);
}
}

Output:
10
20
30

Explanation:

nums[0] -> first element

nums[1] -> second element
nums[2] -> third element

Important:
Array index always starts from 0.

--------------------------------------------------

What is String?
-> String is used to store group of characters.

Examples:
"Java"
"Mahesh"
"Hello World"

Program:

class StringDemo {

void main() {

// Storing string
var name = "Mahesh";

// Printing string
[Link](name);
}
}

Output:
Mahesh
--------------------------------------------------

String Methods:

length()
toUpperCase()
toLowerCase()
charAt()

Program:

class StringMethods {

void main() {

var name = "Java";

// Total characters count

[Link]([Link]());

// Converts into uppercase

[Link]([Link]());

// Converts into lowercase

[Link]([Link]());

// Character at index 1
[Link]([Link](1));
}
}

Output:
4
JAVA
java
a

--------------------------------------------------

Pattern Program:

class Pattern {

void main() {

// Outer loop
for(var i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {

// Inner loop
for(var j = 1; j <= 5; j++) {

// Printing star
[Link]("* ");
}

// Next line
[Link]();
}
}
}

Output:

* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *

Explanation:

Outer loop controls rows.

Inner loop controls columns.

--------------------------------------------------

Palindrome Program:

class PalindromeDemo {
 void main() {

// Original number
var num = 121;

// Temporary variable
var temp = num;

// Reverse number
var rev = 0;

while(num > 0) {

// Last digit
var rem = num % 10;

// Reverse calculation
rev = (rev * 10) + rem;

// Removing digit
num = num / 10;
}

// Comparing values
if(temp == rev) {

[Link]("Palindrome");

} else {

[Link]("Not Palindrome");
}
}
}

Output:
Palindrome

Interview Questions:
1) What is array?
2) What is String?
3) Difference between == and equals()?
4) Why array index starts from 0?
5) Explain palindrome logic.

Chapter 24

What is Array?
-> Array is used to store multiple values in single variable.

Real-time Example:

Suppose a student has marks in 5 subjects.

Without array:
mark1 = 90
mark2 = 80
mark3 = 70

Using array:
marks = {90,80,70,60,95}

Advantages:
1) Less code
2) Easy maintenance
3) Easy traversal
4) Faster processing

Program:

class ArrayDemo {

void main() {

// Creating array
int[] nums = {10,20,30,40,50};

// Printing values
 [Link](nums[0]);
[Link](nums[1]);
[Link](nums[2]);
}
}

Output:
10
20
30

Explanation:

nums[0] -> first element

nums[1] -> second element
nums[2] -> third element

Important:
Array index always starts from 0.

--------------------------------------------------

What is String?
-> String is used to store group of characters.

Examples:
"Java"
"Mahesh"
"Hello World"

Program:

class StringDemo {

void main() {

// Storing string
var name = "Mahesh";

// Printing string
[Link](name);
}
}

Output:
Mahesh

--------------------------------------------------

String Methods:

length()
toUpperCase()
toLowerCase()
charAt()

Program:

class StringMethods {

void main() {

var name = "Java";

// Total characters count

[Link]([Link]());

// Converts into uppercase

[Link]([Link]());

// Converts into lowercase

[Link]([Link]());

// Character at index 1
[Link]([Link](1));
}
}

Output:
4
JAVA
java
a

--------------------------------------------------

Pattern Program:

class Pattern {

void main() {

// Outer loop
for(var i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {

// Inner loop
for(var j = 1; j <= 5; j++) {

// Printing star
[Link]("* ");
}

// Next line
[Link]();
}
}
}

Output:

* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *

Explanation:

Outer loop controls rows.

Inner loop controls columns.

--------------------------------------------------

Palindrome Program:

class PalindromeDemo {

void main() {

// Original number
var num = 121;

// Temporary variable
var temp = num;

// Reverse number
var rev = 0;

while(num > 0) {

// Last digit
var rem = num % 10;

// Reverse calculation
rev = (rev * 10) + rem;

// Removing digit
num = num / 10;
}

// Comparing values
if(temp == rev) {

[Link]("Palindrome");

} else {

[Link]("Not Palindrome");
 }
}
}

Output:
Palindrome

Interview Questions:
1) What is array?
2) What is String?
3) Difference between == and equals()?
4) Why array index starts from 0?
5) Explain palindrome logic.
Chapter 25

What is Array?
-> Array is used to store multiple values in single variable.

Real-time Example:

Suppose a student has marks in 5 subjects.

Without array:
mark1 = 90
mark2 = 80
mark3 = 70

Using array:
marks = {90,80,70,60,95}

Advantages:
1) Less code
2) Easy maintenance
3) Easy traversal
4) Faster processing

Program:

class ArrayDemo {

void main() {

// Creating array
int[] nums = {10,20,30,40,50};

// Printing values
[Link](nums[0]);
[Link](nums[1]);
[Link](nums[2]);
}
}

Output:
10
20
30

Explanation:

nums[0] -> first element

nums[1] -> second element
nums[2] -> third element

Important:
Array index always starts from 0.

--------------------------------------------------

What is String?
-> String is used to store group of characters.

Examples:
"Java"
"Mahesh"
"Hello World"

Program:

class StringDemo {

void main() {

// Storing string
var name = "Mahesh";

// Printing string
[Link](name);
}
}

Output:
Mahesh
--------------------------------------------------

String Methods:

length()
toUpperCase()
toLowerCase()
charAt()

Program:

class StringMethods {

void main() {

var name = "Java";

// Total characters count

[Link]([Link]());

// Converts into uppercase

[Link]([Link]());

// Converts into lowercase

[Link]([Link]());

// Character at index 1
[Link]([Link](1));
}
}

Output:
4
JAVA
java
a

--------------------------------------------------

Pattern Program:

class Pattern {

void main() {

// Outer loop
for(var i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {

// Inner loop
for(var j = 1; j <= 5; j++) {

// Printing star
[Link]("* ");
}

// Next line
[Link]();
}
}
}

Output:

* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *

Explanation:

Outer loop controls rows.

Inner loop controls columns.

--------------------------------------------------

Palindrome Program:

class PalindromeDemo {
 void main() {

// Original number
var num = 121;

// Temporary variable
var temp = num;

// Reverse number
var rev = 0;

while(num > 0) {

// Last digit
var rem = num % 10;

// Reverse calculation
rev = (rev * 10) + rem;

// Removing digit
num = num / 10;
}

// Comparing values
if(temp == rev) {

[Link]("Palindrome");

} else {

[Link]("Not Palindrome");
}
}
}

Output:
Palindrome

Interview Questions:
1) What is array?
2) What is String?
3) Difference between == and equals()?
4) Why array index starts from 0?
5) Explain palindrome logic.

End of PDF 3