Inversion (Đảo ngữ)

1. Đảo ngữ phủ định.

Những từ được đặt đầu câu dùng trong đảo ngữ có ý nghĩa phủ định là: Never, rarely, seldom, little,
under no circumstances, at no time , in no way, on no account, no longer, For no reason at all.. By no
means, No where
Form : Negative Advs + Auxiliary verb + Subject + main verb +...
Eg: - Seldom has the team given a worse performance. (The team has seldom given….)
- Rarely had I had so much responsibility. (I had rarely had so much….)
- At no time was Tom aware of what was happening.(Tom was at no time aware ….)

2. Đảo ngữ với "Only", "Not"

a. Not only ........., but also...... (but..... as well, too) : không những..... mà còn.....
Form :
Not only +Auxiliary verb + Subject + main verb ..., but + Subject +(also) + verb+...(as well, too).
Eg: - Not only is she intelligent , but she is also kind.
- Not only did we lose all our money, but we also came close to losing our lives.

b. Not + Noun/ Adverbial clauses of time

Form:
Not + Noun/ Adverbial clauses of time + Auxiliary verb + Subject + main verb ...
Eg: - Not until Ann spoke to the doctor did she understand how serious her illness was.
- Not a sound did she make as she crept upstairs.

c. Only + by, when, after....:

Eg: Only by practising every day can you pass the exam.
Notes: Khi only có nghĩa 1 mình thì không sử dụng đảo ngữ
Only the little boy saw the accident.

3. Đảo ngữ : so/ such......that

So + Adj/adv + (be /tdt)+ S + (v)+ that + Clause
Eg: it -So devastating were the floods that some areas may never recover.
= The floods were so devastating that ………….
-So quickly did he run that I couldn’t catch up with him.
"Such" + "be" ="so much/ so great"
Such + (be) + N+ that + clause
Eg: Such was the force of the storm that trees were uprooted.
= The force of the storm was such that trees were….
= The force of the storm was so great that…..

4. So, neither, nor

Form: So + Auxiliary verb + Subject: cũng .... (+)
- Neither/ Nor + Auxiliary verb + Subject: cũng ......(-)
Eg:- Mary was absent from class yesterday. So was Peter. (Peter was absent from class, too)
- I don't like him. Neither/ Nor does she. ( She doesn’t like him, either.)
Notes: Too dùng cuối câu khẳng định
Either dùng cuối câu phủ định.
5. Hardly/ Scarcely/ barely .........when:
 No sooner ..........than Ngay khi........... thì.........
Form: Hardly/ Scarcely/Barely + had + S + V(p2) ...+ when + S + V (past simple)....
No sooner + had + S + V(p2) ...+ than + S + V (past simple)....
Eg: Hardly had I arrived home when I had a new problem to cope with.
No sooner had I arrived home than I had a new problem to cope with.

6. Đảo ngữ với một số trạng từ chỉ phương hướng, nơi chốn thì ta chia luôn động từ, không cần đảo
trợ động từ do / does / did…
Clause of place/ order + main verb + S (no auxiliary)
Eg: Under the banana tree sat they learning English.
Up the hill were running a group of kids.
On the grass are lying the boys.
Into the room ran the lady.
First comes love, then comes marriage.
Along the road came a strange procession.

7. Here & There

Eg: - Here comes Freddy!
There goes the teacher!
There is a man at the door!
Notes: Không đảo ngữ khi sử dụng đại từ nhân xưng
Eg: Here you are!

8.Đảo ngữ ở mệnh đề Điều kiện :

a. TYPE I :
If + do, will do
 Should + S + do, S + will + do
Eg: If I meet him this afternoon, I will inform him.
 Should I meet him this afternoon, I will inform him.

b. TYPE II :
If + S + did, S + would do
 Were + S + to V, S +would do
Eg: If I were you, I would love him.
 Were I (to be) you, I would love him.
If people drove so slowly, there wouldn’t be so many accidents.
 Were people to drive so slowly, there wouldn’t be so many accidents.

c. TYPE III :
If + S + had + done, S + would have done
 Had + S + done, S + would have done
Eg: If I had studied hard, I would have passed the exam.
 Had I studied hard, I would have passed the exam.

9. ADJ/ADV + AS + S + V= ALTHOUGH S + V + ADJ/ADV

Eg: Although science has accomplished much in this century, there’s still more to be done.
 Much as science has accomplished in this century, there’s still more to be done.
Although advertisements are different, they share the same purpose.
 Different as advertisements are, they share the same purpose.
  EXERCISES:
Exercise 1: Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with NOT or ONLY.
1. He is my friend as well as yours.
Not only is he my friend, but he also yours.
2. He booked tickets for the afternoon performance and the evening performance as well.
Not only did he book tickets for the afternoon performance, but he also book for the evening
performance.
3. Burglars stole a thousand pounds’ worth of electrical goods, and left the flat in an awful mess.
Not only did burglars steal a thousand pounds’ worth of electrical goods, but they also leave the flat in an
awful mess.
4. Tony was not only late, but he had left all his books behind.
Not only was Tom late, but he also have left all his books behind.
5. You will enhance your posture and improve your acting ability on this course.
Not only will you enhance your posture, but you also improve your acting ability on this course.
6. It isn’t worth considering his suggestion for a moment.
Not for a moment is it worth considering his suggestion.
Not + Noun/ Adverbial clauses of time + Auxiliary verb + Subject + main verb ...
7. She didn’t shed a tear when the story ended in tragedy.
Not a tear did she shed in tragedy.
8. The manager not once offered us an apology.
Not once did the manager offer us an apology
Not an apology did the manager offer us.
9. She made no sound as she crept upstairs.
Not sound did she makes as she crept upstairs.
[Link] only thought about having a holiday abroad after he retired.
Only after he reitired did he think about having a holiday aboard.
11. I only realized how dangerous the situation had been when I got home.
Only when I got home did I realise how dangerous the situation had been.
12. It wasn’t until last week that the Agriculture Minister admitted defeat.

13. I understood Hamlet only after seeing it on the stage.

……………………………………………………………………………………
14. They didn’t get round to business until they had finished eating.
……………………………………………………………………………………
15. They had to wait for twelve hours before their flight left.
……………………………………………………………………………………
16. I didn’t realize who he was until later.
……………………………………………………………………………………
17. The door could not be opened without using force.
……………………………………………………………………………………
18. I won’t agree until Tom’s apologized.
……………………………………………………………………………………
19. To get the 40% discount, you must buy all twelve books at the same time.
……………………………………………………………………………………
[Link] only way you can become a good athlete is by training hard every day.
……………………………………………………………………………………

Exercise 2: Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with SO or SUCH.

1. Being tired, Don slept for twelve hours.
So...............................................
2. He had such a fierce dog that we were terrified.
Such...................................................
3. I got so angry that I screamed.
So......................................................
4. We received such a big telephone bill that we couldn’t pay it.
Such....................................................
5. The sea looked so lovely that we dived in.
So......................................................

Ex 3: Rewrite each of the following sentences with the given words in such a way that it means the
same as the sentence printed above it.
1. He spent all his money. He even borrowed some from me.
Not only.............................................................................................
2. He had hardly left the office when the telephone rang.
No sooner ........................................................................................
3. I had only just put the phone down when the boss rang back.
Hardly ...............................................................................................
4. He didn’t finish his work until the bell rang.
Not until ............................................................................................
5. We only began to see the symptoms of the disease after several months.
Only ...................................................................................................
6. I have never seen anyone in my life drink as much as you.
Never ................................................................................................
7. A sleeping dog was lying under the table.
Under the table...............................................................................
8. His brother had rarely been more excited.
Rarely..................................................................................................
9. The facts were not all made public until later.
Only.....................................................................................................
10. If I had realized what would happen, I wouldn’t have accepted the job.
Had.......................................................................................................
11, We have never gone to Paris before.
At no time............................................................................................
12. They had hardly come home when it started raining.
Hardly....................................................................................................
[Link] students had sooner arrived the class when the teacher came.
No sooner.............................................................................................
14. The teacher cannot become friendly until the students get along with him.
Not until...............................................................................................
[Link] can only succeed when he tries his best to study.
Only when............................................................................................
16.I cannot recognise who he is before he gets in the room.
Only after...........................................................................................
17. I will never trust him because he lied to me.
Never......................................................................................................
18. It is hardly ever possible to get an appointment to see him.
Hardly.....................................................................................................
19. A seal is lying on the beach.
On the beach........................................................................................
20. The Prime Minster will go there next week.
There......................................................................................................
21. The Queen comes here very often.
Here........................................................................................................
22. The dog is chasing the cat under the table.
Under the table....................................................................................
[Link] of onions were hanging from the rafters.
Hanging...................................................................................................
24, A man with a gun was standing in the doorway.
Standing..................................................................................................

Ex 4. Choose a, b, c or do that best completes the sentence.

1. Never in her life ______ this exhilarating emotion.
a. she experienced b. she did experience
c. she had experienced d. had she experienced
2. _____ seen such awful behavior.
a. Have I never before b. Before have I never
c. Never before I have d. Never before have I
3. They were wealthy. Money was plentiful, and ____ to be very bothered about levels of expenditure.
a. rarely anyone seemed b. rarely did anyone seem
c. did anyone rarely seem d. rarely anyone did seem
4. Not only do I enjoy classical music, _____ a season ticket to the symphony.
a. but I also have b. but also have c. but also I have d. I but also have
5. _____ so upset!
a. Has the boss seldom been b. Seldom the boss has been
c. Seldom has the boss been d. Has the boss been seldom
6. _____ the situation.
a. Little he understands b. Little he understood
c. Little did he understand d. Did he understand little
7. There _____.
a. comes the bus. b. does my bus come.
c. my bus come d. did my bus come
8. _____ his terrible secret.
a. Did they learn only later b. Only later they did learn
c. Only later they learnt d. Only later did they learn
9. – I’m from Turkey. - ______.
a. Am I, too b. I am, so c. So am I d. Neither am I
10. I cannot swim very well ______.
a. and neither my sister can b. and neither can my sister
c. and so my sister can d. and so can my sister.
11. So difficult ____ that ______ three months to prepare.
a. is the test/ do the students need b. the test is/ do the students need
c. is the test/ the students need d. the test is/ the students need
12. _____ the problem, he wouldn’t have committed those mistakes.
a. Had he understood b. He had understood c. If had he understood d. Unless had he
understood
13. _____ a more beautiful sight.
a. Nowhere hadn’t Susan seen b. Had Susan seen nowhere
c. Nowhere Susan had seen d. Nowhere had Susan seen
14. By the gate _______.
a. a little girl stood b. stood a little girl
c. did a little girl stand d. a litter girl did stand
15. Not until the next morning _____ how serious ______.
a. she realized/ was it b. she realized/ it was
c. did she realize/ was it d. did she realize/ it was
16. Not till _____ that he had lost the key.
a. he got home did he find b. he got home he found
c. did he get home did he find d. did he get home he found
17. Only when ____ into smart clothes after the match ____ to talk to the TV reporters.
a. the players had changed/ they were allowed b. the players had changed/ were they allowed
c. had the players changed/ were they allowed d. had the players changed/ they were
allowed.
18. No sooner ______ the door than _____ it was locked.
a. had I reached/ did I realize b. I had reached/ did I realize
c. had I reached/ I realized d. I had reached/ I realized
19. ______, he can never follow me.
a. Fast as he runs b. Fast as does he run
c. As he runs fast d. As does he run fast
20. _____ John that she talked about him all the time.
a. Did so much she adore b. Did she adored so much
c. So much she adored d. So much did she adore
21. _____ kinder to his employees, his business would not have collapsed.
a. Mr. Chan had been b. Had if Mr. Chan been
c. Had Mr. Chan been d. If had Mr. Chan been
22. Scarcely ____ out of bed when ______.
a. had I got/ did the doorbell ring b. had I got/ the doorbell rang
c. I had got/ did the doorbell ring d. I had got/ the doorbell rang
23. Little _____how much trouble _____ in.
a. you know/ are you b. you know/ you are
c. do you know/ are you d. do you know/ you are
24. On the table ______.
a. lay a yellow cat. B. a yellow cat lay c. did a yellow cat lie d.a yellow cat
lies.
25. Such _____ that ______ whenever it was on.
a. the popularity of the film was/ the streets were deserted
b. was the popularity of the film/ the streets were deserted
c. the popularity of the film was/ were the streets deserted
d. was the popularity of the film/ were the streets deserted
26. They can neither read nor write, ____ such concepts.
a. they can nor comprehend b. nor can they comprehend
c. nor they can comprehend d. can they nor comprehend
27. Hardly _____ before ______.
a. had I left/ did the trouble start b. had I left/ the trouble started
c. I had left/ the trouble started d. I had left/ did the trouble start
28. Only after _______.
a. the teacher understood the situation and did he make a comment
b. understanding the situation the teacher made a comment
c. the teacher understood the situation and made a comment
d. understanding the situation did the teacher make a comment
29. _____ to win the election, what _____ first?
a. You were/ you would do b. You were/ would you do
c. Were you/ you would do d. Were you/ would you do
30. Down ______.
a. fell half a dozen apples b. half a dozen apples fell
c. did half a dozen apples fall d. half a dozen apples fall
31. Only then _____ the danger _____ in.
a. did I see/ which we were b. I saw/ which we were
c. did I see/ which were we d. I saw/ which were we
32. Not a single word _____.
a. said she b. she says c. did she say d. she said
33. Carefully though ______, he could not manage to escape the accident.
a. he drove b. did he drive c. does he drive d. he is driving
34. Not until 1911 ______.
a. identified the first of the vitamins b. the first of the vitamins identified
c. was the first of the vitamins identified d. the first of the vitamins was identified
35. Only after the film started _______ that ______ it before.
a. I realized/ I had seen b. did I realize/ I had seen c. I realized/ had I seen d. did I realize/ had
I seen
36. _____ will we let you live independently.
a. Not until do you grow up b. Until you grow up
c. Until do you grow up d. Not until you grow up
37. No sooner ____ married than _____ to argue.
a. they had got/ did they begin b. they had got/ they began
c. had they got/ did they begin d. had they got/ they began
38. I had to show him my identity card and _______.
a. only then he let me in b. only then did he let me in
c. did he let me in only then d. did only then he let me in
39. No matter how ______, he cannot make ends meet.
a. he works hard b. does he work hard
c. hard he works d. hard does he work
40. _______ the clothes since her husband bought a washing machine.
a. Any longer she has washed b. Any longer has she washed
c. No longer she has washed d. No longer has she washed
41. ______ us to have private talks in class.
a. At no time does our teacher allow b. At no time our teacher allows.
c. At any time does our teacher allow d. At any time our teacher allows.
42. She is beautiful, ________.
a. as her daughter is b. as is her daughter
c. neither is her daughter d. neither her daughter is
43. ________ what surprises we have in store for her.
a. Little she knows b. does she little know
c. Little does she know d. Does she know little
44. _________ this match.
a. No way will you win b. No way you will win
c. Any way will you win d. Any way you will win
45. Whatever reasons ______, ______ them.
a. do you state/ I never believe b. do you state/ never do I believe
c. you state/ I never believe d. you state/ never do I believe
46. ____ not for his deafness, ____ on the phone.
a. Were it/ could he communicate b. Were it/ he could communicate
c. It were/ could he communicate d. It were/ he could communicate
47. _____ me a shelter _____ dinner for us.
a. Not only they gave/ but did they also prepare b. Not only they gave/ but they also prepared
c. Not only did they give/ but also prepared d. Not only did they give/ but they also
prepared
48. ____ such a more comfortable hotel.
a. Nowhere in the area can you find b. Nowhere in the area you can find
c. Anywhere in the area can you find d. Anywhere in the area you can find
49. Down _____ and up _____.
a. the rain came/ went the umbrellas b. came the rain/ the umbrellas went
c. the rain came/ the umbrellas went d. came the rain/ went the umbrellas
50. ____ us an apology.
a. Not once the manager offered b. Not once did the manager offer
c. Did the manager not once offer d. Didn’t once the manager offer

Ex 5. Choose a, b, c or do that best completes the sentence.

1. Not only .............. more brittle than hard maples, but they are also less able to withstand high winds.
A. soft maples are B. are soft maples
C. they are soft maples D. soft maples
2. Not until ............. home............ that he had taken someone else's bike.
 A. he got / he realised B. he got / did he realise
C. did he get / he realised D. he got / he did realise
3. No sooner ...............the phone rang.
A. had they arrived home that B. they arrived home than
C. did they arrive home that D. had they arrived home than
4. .........will Mr. Forbes be able to regain control of the company.
A. With hard work B. In spite of his hard work
C. Only if he works hardly. D. Only with hard work
5. .............. so many young people been out of work as today.
A. More than ever before B. Never before have
C. In the past, there never have D. There never were
6. .................... did Arthur realise there was danger.
A. Upon entering the store. B. When he entered the store.
C. After he had entered the store. D. Only after entering the store.
7. Not until she got a job with a small company in the area.................relief.
A. her parents felt B. did her parents feel
C. can her parents feel D. felt her parents
8. Rarely .............to work on his own.
A. is he seen B. does he seen C. has he seen D. does he
9. ...............it not been for the torrential rain, we would have gone out
A. But B. if C. Had D. should
10. Seldom ..................... more than 20 minutes a night.
A. sleep giraffes B. do giraffes sleep C. giraffes do sleep D. giraffes sleep
11. ..................... today, he would get there on Sunday.
A. Was he leaving B. If he leaves
C. Were he to leave D. If he is leaving
12. Not until Edward Jenner developed the first anti-smallpox serum in 1796........against this terrible
disease.
A. protection was B. protection was given
C. it was protected D. was there protection
13. ………. the water clear but also prevent the river from overflowing.
A. Not only the hippo's eating habits keep
B. Keep not only the hippo's eating habits
C. The hippo's eating habits not only keep
D. Not only keep the hippo's eating habits
14. West of Newport …………, one of the many mansions surrounded by acres of gardens.
A. where the Aston stately home stands
B. the stately home stands of Aston
C. the stately home of Aston stands
D. stands the stately Aston home
15. Canada does not require the U.S citizens to obtain passport to enter the country, and ..........
A. Mexico does neither B. neither Mexico does
C. either does Mexico D. Mexico doesn't either
16. Rarely ……….. seen going out with his friends.
A. James is B. does James C. is James D. has James
17. ………. should a young child be allowed to play with fireworks without adult supervision.
A. Under no circumstances B. No sooner than C. Always D. Only when
18. Not until a student has mastered algebra ..............the principles of geometry, trigonometry, and
physics
A. he can begin to understand B. he begins to understand
C. can he begin to understand D. begins he to understand
19………. not until the invention of the camera that artists correctly painted horses racing.
A. There was B. It was C. There D. It .
20. ………. have playing cards been used for card games but also for fortune-telling.
 A. Not as much B. Not only C. not until D. Only when
21. Steamboats did not replace sailing vessels on the high seas ................. later in the 1860s.
A. until B. although C. because D. unless
22. No longer............... do all the housework with their hands.
A. have women to B. do women have
C. do women have to D. women have to
23. Not only ……….. to assess students' ability, but it is also used to arrange classes.
A. to use the exam result B. is the exam result used
C. the exam result is used D. using the exam result
24. Most students don't like politics, and...............
A. so do I B. neither do I C. I do either D. nor I do
25. The economic background of labour legislation will not be mentioned in this course, ..............
A. trade unionism will not be treated. B. nor trade unionism will be treated
C. nor will trade unionism be treated. D. neither trade unionism will be treated.
26. _________that we had to ask a police officer for directions.
a. So confusing the map was b. So confusing was the map
c. So was confusing the map d. Such confusing was the map
27. The plane had only landed when the storm broke.
a. No sooner had the plane landed than the storm broke.
b. The plane had to land because of the outbreak of the storm.
c. Only when the storm broke had the plane landed.
d. The storm broke before the plane landed.
28. The council never wanted the new supermarket to be built, ……….
a. neither local residents did b. nor did local residents
c. so did local residents d. either didn't local residents
29.Seldom________ a child with so much talent.
a. I saw b. I had seen c. had I seen d. was I seen
30. _________ that it belongs in a museum.
a. This coin is too rare b. So this coin is rare
c. So rare is this coin d. Such a rare coin it is
31. Most southern states had set up primary school system by the late eighteenth century, but only in
New England ________ and open to all students.
a. primary schools were free b. were primary schools free
c. free were primary schools d. were free primary schools
32. ……….. his address, I would have written before.
a. As I had known b. If I knew
c. Unless I had known d. Had I known
33 ……been for your support, I could not have done it.
a. Had it not b. Hadn't I c. I had not d. I not had
34. _______ that I could hardly hear her.
a. So quietly she spoke b. So quietly did she speak
c. So did she speak quietly d. She spoke so quiet
35. _______ was the first fully successful transatlantic cable finally laid.
a. Not until 1866 b. Until 1866, just c. Until 1866 d. It not until 1866
36. _______ that she burst into tears.
a. Her anger was such b. So angry she was
c. She was so anger d. Such her anger was
37. Just after the play started there was a power failure.
a. Hardly did the play start then there was a power failure.
b. Hardly had the play started when there was a power failure.
c. No earlier had the play started than there was a power failure.
d. No sooner did the play start before there was a power failure.