Science Revision Book - Answer Section Extract

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3. Which of the following is not a property of solids?
a. They have a definite volume b. They do not flow
c. They cannot be compressed d. The have no shape
4. Which of the following is not a property of liquids?
a. They have a definite volume b. They flow
c. They have definite shape d. They cannot be compressed
5. Which of the following is not true about gases?
a. Gases can be compressed b. Gases can expand
c. Gases cannot be touched d. Gases has a definite volume
6. a. Define the term ‘‘matter’’
........................................................................................................……………………
b. Name the three states of matter.
i. ……………………………...........…….…… ii. ………….............................…….………………
iii. ……………….......................……………
7. Mention four properties of matter.
i. …………………………...............……….. ii. …………................…………………...…………..
iii. ……………….............……….….……… iv. ………….……………………………….................
8. Why is air considered as matter?
………………………….....……………………………………………………………………..........……..
[Link] which state of matter does a stone belong?
…………………………………………………………………………………………...........…………….
10. a. Name two substances in liquid state of matter.
i..………………………………………….............. ii.……....……....………………………………….
b. Mention any three properties of liquid.
i. …………………………...............……….. ii. …………................…………………...…………..
iii. ……………….............………..….………
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11. a. Matter can change from one state to another. State any two examples
to support the above statement.
i. ………………………....................……… ii. ………………………….……………………….
b. Name the process by which liquid water changes into ice. ………………..
12. Use the diagram below to complete the following statements.
A
B
C
[Link] diagrams show three ……………………of matter.
b. Liquids are best represented by Diagram …………………………………………….
c. Solids are best represented by Diagram ……………………….………………........
d. Gases are best represented by Diagram ………………………………………........
e. How is state A similar to state C? ……………………………………….………………...
f. How does heat travel through state C? ………………………….………………........
13. What change of state takes place when water changes to vapour?
.................................................................................................................…….......
14. In which state of matter does heat travel fastest? Explain.
.……………………………………………………………………………………….……………….........
15. Give the importance of ventilators in a living house.
................................................................................................……………….………….
16. Name two substances in solid state of matter.
i. …………………………………………….....…… ii. ……........…………………………………..….
17. Mention four properties of solids.
i. ……………………………………........……….... ii. ……………………………..……………...…..
iii. …………………........……………………........ iv. ……………………………..………….………
18. a. Water can exist in three states. At a room temperature, water is liquid
write other two states of matter.
i. …………………...........…………...............… ii. ……………..…………….………………….....
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[Link] down any three properties of gases.
i. …………………………...............……….. ii. …………..............…………………...…………..
iii. ……………….............……….….………
19. Explain how water at a room temperature changes into ice.
………………………………………………………………......……………………………………………
20. Suppose there are two bowls of hot soup with spoons in them. One of
the spoon is plastic and the other is metalic. Which spoon would feel
hotter? Why ………………………....…………………………………………………………………
21. Name one example of liquid which is a good conductor of heat.
.…………………………………………………………………………………………..……………….......
22. a. What name is given to water in gas state?
................................................................................…………………………….......……
b. How can you change water vapour into water?
………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………..
23. In which state of matter does heat travels by convection?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………......
24. The diagram below shows different phenomena in the changes of states
of matter

Gas/ Vapour

Solid/ Ice

Liquid/ Water
a. Name the changes marked A, B, C, D, E, F.
A …………...........................................… B ……………………………………...……………
C …………...........................................… D ……………….…….…….…………...…………
E …………...........................................… F …………….….…………..……………...………
b. Which form of energy enables A to take place? ………………………...….........
A
D
C
E
F
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c. Which of the above process help in the formation of rain?
i. …………............................................… ii. …………….….……………………………….……
[Link] form of energy produced by hot bodies is called…....………………....….…..
26. Identify the main source of heat and light in the environment?
…………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………...
27. Which body process produces heat? ...…………………….………………………………
28. Explain why most tea cups made of poor conductor of heat.
……………………………………………………………………………………..…….………….............
29. Heat is a form of energy that causes increase in temperature. Mention
any four uses of heat in our environment.
i. ………………………………………................ ii. …………………………………………………….
iii. ……………………………...…..……………… iv. .....…..…………………………………………..
30. State any two dangers of heat in the environment.
i……………………………………….………..…. ii. …….........……………….…….………………..
31. Three methods of heat transfer from hot bodies to cold places are:
i. …………………………………...………..….. ii. …………………………..…………………………
iii. ………………………………….....………….
32. Which change take place when wood burns into ash?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………..
33. What is the difference conduction of heat and radiation of heat.
..…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
34. What happens to ice when it is left in the sun?
……………………………………………………………………………………………..………………....
35. Why do we use blankets to cover ourselves at night?
....……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
36. What would happen to a balloon full of air if it is left in a vacuum?
……………………………………………………………………………………….………………...........
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37. By which process does heat from the sun reach the earth?
..........................................................................................................…………………
38. Use the diagram below to answer questions below.

a. Name the process marked P and Q above.

P........................................................... Q. ..............................................................
39. Name the plant process that supports formation of rainfall.
………………………………………………………………………......……………………………………
40. Which state of matter is water at -20C?
…………………………………………………………………………………………….....………………..
41. a. Suggest a reason why vacuum flasks keep hot tea longer than an
ordinary kettle. ……………………………………………………….………….............……..
42. What is temperature?.........................................................................................
43. The diagram below is a clinical thermometer. Study it carefully and
answer the questions that follow.
a. Name the parts marked X and Y
X………………………………………….........…. Y. .……………….………………………………….
[Link] the role of part marked X ..…………..……………….....………......…………...
c. Of what use is clinical thermometer to doctors. .……………….………………...
d. Name two liquids commonly used in clinical thermometers.
i…………………………………………….............. ii. …………………………………………….…..
Q
P
Y
X
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ANSWERS
Introduction
1. a. Science and Elementary Technology
b. Information and Communication
Technology
2. Science is the study of living things and
non living things
3 .a. Living things are things which have life
b. Plants, animals
4. i : Animal ii: Plants
5. Both are mammals, both give birth, both
breathe through lungs.
6. Source of food, animals get oxygen from
plants
7. a. Living things breathe, reproduce, grow,
move, excrete, feed, respond to stimuli.
b. Living things reproduce
8. Living things grow but non living things
do not grow, Living things eat but non
living things do not eat.
9. Because it grow, it reproduce, it move,
it breathe.
10. People, cow, goats, plants, lion, monkey.
11.a. Source of food, provide security, and
provide labour.
b. Help them to grow, to get energy, to
prevent diseases, to keep body alive.
12. i. Birds, mosquito, people, fish and snake
are Animals
ii. Beans carrots, cassava, maize, and
tomato are Plants
13. a. Both can reproduce, both grow, both
die, both feed, and both breathe.
b. Insects carry out pollination in plants.
14. a - iv, b - v, c - i, d - iii, e - ii
15. a. Non living things are things which do
not have life.
b. Because a stone does not grow, feed.
c. Water, telephone, soil, pen, table, chair.
16. A stone do not grow but a plant grow.
A stone do not breathe but plants breathe
17.a. Environment is our surroundings
b. Plants, animals, birds, insects
18.a. Domestic animals are animals which
are kept at home.
b. Cow, goat, sheep, rabbits, dog, donkey.
19. Wild animals
20. i. Elephant ii. Zebra iii. Lion iv Monkey
b. Kills people, destroy crops
c. Lion.
21. Source of meat, Source of milk, source of
income, source of skin, for transportation
22. a. Aquatic animals are animals which live
in water.
b. Dolphin, whale, fish, seal.
23. They get manure from animals, they get
Carbon dioxide from animals
24. a - iv, b - v, c - ii, d - i, e - iii.
25. For drying clothes, give us light and heat,
helps in rain formation.
26. Mountains, animals, rivers, houses.
27. a. Causes soil erosion, pollute air.
b. Over fishing, over grazing, smoking,
industrialization, mining.
c. Planting trees, making terrace, control
bush burning, avoid water pollution.
28. To know more about our body, to give
first aid, to avoid accident, to prevent
diseases, to know computer
29. Poor sanitation, eating dirty food, using
dirty water.
b. Proper disposal of waste, bathing daily,
eating well cooked food, boiling water.
30. a. Microscope
b. To observe germs in blood or body
fluids.
c. Doctors, Lab technicians
d. AIDS, Hepatitis B, ebola.
31. a - ii, b - iv, c - v, d - I, e – iii.
32.a. Personal hygiene is the keeping our
bodies clean.
b. Soap, clean water, nail cutter, basin.
33. Bathing, washing clothes, shaving hair,
cutting finger nails, ironing clothes.
34.a. Food hygiene is the keeping of food
clean while water are ways of keeping
water clean
b. Washing fruits before eating, cover
ing cooked food, using clean utensil.
35. Bad body smell, Easy spread of disease.
36. a. Sanitation is the general cleanness of
our environment
b. Personal hygiene is the keeping of our
bodies clean while sanitation is the
general cleanness of our environment.
37. a. Sweeping the compound, mopping
house, draining stagnant water,
sweeping, slashing tall grass.
b. Broom, clean water, rag, hoe, slasher.
38. Diarrhoea, dysentery, cholera, typhoid.
39. Slashing the compound, putting papers
on the dust bin. Picking papers on the
compound, cleaning toilets.
40. Toilets, rubbish pit.
41.a. Germs are small living organism that
cause diseases
b. Virus, Bacteria, Protozoa, Fungi, Amoeba
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42. a-iv, b-I, c-v, d-iii, e-ii.
43. Keep good hygiene, eat clean food,
doing sport, eating balance diet, abstain
from sex, observe good sanitation, boil
or filter water.
44. a. Plasmodium b. HIV
[Link] dirty water, sexual intercourse
with infected person, eating contaminated
food, not wearing shoes , eating without
washing hands.
b. Eating well cooked food, keeping the
body clean, drink clean water.
46. a. Germs are small living organism
which cause disease while vectors are
living organism which spread diseases.
b. a - iii, b - iv, c - i, d - ii.
47.a. First aid is the immediate help given
to a casualty before taking him or her
to the hospital.
b. To save life, to reduce pain, to stop
bleeding if any, to promote faster
recovery, to avoid other injuries.
48. a. Accident.
b. Carelessness, fighting, playing bad
games, playing with fire.
c. Keep babies far from hot objects,
avoid playing with knife, keep drugs
far from children’s reach.
49. (Search properly you will discover all the
words given)
Topic area 1: Tools and object
production.
1.1 Agricultural tools
1. a, 2. b, 3. d, 4. c, 5. a
6. a - ii, b - iv, c - v, d - iii, e - i
7. Agricultural tools are simple machines
use in growing crops and keeping of
animals.
8. To avoid rusting, for tools not to get lost.
9. It can cause injury, tools get broken.
10. To prevent rusting
11. a . Watering can: for watering plants
b. Rake: For collecting rubbish.l
c. Wheel barrow: For transporting manure
d. Milk can: For transporting milk.
e. Hoe: For digging, weeding
f. Sickle: For cutting animal feeds
g. Panga for cutting small trees or shrubs
h. an axe: for cutting/felling big trees
12. Wear gloves to protect the hands,
handle tools properly.
13. a. Keep tools in a dry place, wash tools
after use, oiling tools with moving parts,
storing tools well, use tools for its
particular work, sharpening cutting tools
b. To prevent rusting
14. File
15. a. Panga, axe, sickle, secateurs/pruner.
b. Because metals are hard/ strong.
16. a. Fork hoe –iii, b Spade –iv,
c. Garden fork-i, d File-ii.
17. Source of food, source of income,
creates employment, source of manure.
18 .a. Sprayer pump, sickle, wheel barrow.
b. To get more money, to maintain soil
fertility.
19. a. The farmer is spraying crops.
b . Sprayer pump c . Boots, cap
d . To prevent pest and crop diseases.
20. a. Hoe. b. Wheel barrow
21. (Check peoples book four, under
agricultural tools).
22.a. Rusting is the brown coating that
covers metals
b. Oxygen, warmth.
c. Painting tools, galvanizing tools,
keep tools in a dry place
d. It make tools weak, make cutting tools
bland.
23. a. Farming, b. Helmet, c. Spraying pump,
d. A tool, e. Glove
24. (You will find tools like wheel barrow,
hoe, rake, trowel, milk can, panga).
25. a. Axe, panga, sickle, slasher,
 b. To make the soil fertile, to support
plant growth
c. Wheel barrow, Spade, Bucket,
Garden fork.
1.2 Carpentry tools
1. b, 2. a, 3. d, 4. c, 5. d, 6. a, 7. b.
8. a. true, b. false, c. true, d. true, e. false
9. a. Carpentry is the work of making
furniture from wood
b. Carpentry tools are simple machines
used by carpenters
c. Carpentry workshop is place where
carpenters do their work.
d. Carpentry products are things
carpenters make like table and chair.
10. Plane, hand saw, brace, tape measure,
claw hammer, chisel, work bench.
11. Tools can cut you, tools can hit you.
12. a - iv, b - v, c - iii, d - I, e - ii.
13. Carpentry workshop.
14. Because it made of a metal, because it
has handle, because it is heavy and strong.
15. For tools to last for long, to get it easily
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when needed, to avoid tools causing
injuries.
16. It is made of metal, it has a teeth, it is
sharp.
17. a. Brace b. T-square
18. a. It provide working surface
b. Cutting wood, holding wood with
bench vice.
19.a. Tri- square b. work bench, c. chisel,
d. tool box e. plane, f. bench vice
g. Claw hammer h. tape measure
i. hand saw j. brace.
20. Tape measure, meter ruler, tri square.
21. handling tools properly, pay attention
when using tools, use tool for its
particular work, wear protective device
when using tools.
22. (See pupils book five under carpentry
tools).
23.a. To check if the wood surface is
horizontal or vertical
b. To hold together pieces of wood to be
glued.
24.a. Hand saw: For cutting wood
b. Plane: To smoothen the rough wood
surface
c. Bow saw: For cutting wood.
d. claw hammer: To fix and remove nails
e. Tape measure : To measure the length
of wood
f. Chisel : to make design on wood.
25. To make tools last for long, to avoid
rusting
1.3 Masonry tools
1. c, 2. d, 3. a, 4. c, 5. d.
6. A mason is a person who lay bricks and
build houses
7. a. Masonry tools are simple machines
masons use to do their work
b. Trowel, wheel barrow mortar mixture,
brick frame, water level, spirit level.
8. a. Rust/ rusting

b. Moisture, oxygen , warmth.

c. store tools in a dry place , washing tools
after use, painting tools, galvanizing tools
9. To prevent rusting , to get tools easily
when needed .
10. It can hurt your friend / it can cause
accident. Tool can be damaged/ broken
11. a - ii, b - iv, c - i, d - iii.
12. Tool can hurt the user , tool can be
damaged.
13. Arranging tools properly in the store,
pay attention when using tools, follow
instruction to use the given tool, use tool
for its particular work.
14. because it has a wheel, it is made of
metal which cannot be broken easily.
15. a. To measure the length the height of
the wall.
b. For thickening the wall.
c. To break the bricks
d. To measure the vertical level of the wall.
16. wash tools after use, keep tools in a dry
place , oiling tools with moving parts,
use tool for it particular work, avoid
dropping tools down
17. Teaching, carpentry, mining, farming,
trade, transportation small business.
18. Tape measure, water level.
19. a. True b. True c. False d. True e. False
20. To avoid rusting.
21. a- ii, b - iv, c - i, d - iii
22. To check if the corners are straight.
23. Pay attention when using it
24. a. Water level
b. To check the vertical level of wall
25. a. Masonry is the work of building.
b. To measure the length and height of
the wall.
26. a. Plumb line: To check is the wall is
straight.
b. Trowel : To put/ shape concrete be
 tween bricks
c. Water level: To measure the vertical
level of the wall
d. Spirit level: To measure the vertical
and horizontal level of the wall
e. Spade: For mixing sand and cement
f. Tri square: To check if the corners are
straight.
1.4. Mechanics and blacksmith .
1. A mechanics
2. a. A tool is a simple machine use to do
work.
[Link], hammer, brace.
c. A blacksmith
3. Spanner, pliers, screw jack, screw driver,
bench vice .
4. Cleaning tools after use, oiling tools with
moving parts , galvanizing tools, keep
tools in a dry place.
5. Galvanization is the coating of iron or
steel with zinc.
6. To prevent rusting
7. Zinc
8. a - iii, b - iv. c - i, d - ii.
9. Blade
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10. To avoid being burnt by hot metal.
11. Hand drill does not use electricity to
work electric drill uses electricity to work
12. Cars , motorcycle, bicycle.
13. A place where mechanics repairs and
assembles machines.
14. Help him/ her to fix and remove nuts
15 a Spanner: To fix and remove nuts.
b. Screw driver: To fix and remove screws.
c. A plier : To fix and remove nuts
d. Hand drill: To drill holes in the machine.
e. Hark saw : to cut metals
f . G – clamp : To hold metals when cutting.
16. Galvanizing tools, insulating tools, store
tools in a dry place.
17. a . A blacksmith is a person who forge
metals and give it a desired shape.
b. For holding heated metal.
[Link], knife, metalic strove, hoe, panga.
b. To make the metal soft enough for
easy shaping with hand tool.
19. Anvil, bellow, tong , pliers, hammer.
20. Tools can injure the user.
21. To raise the car up when replacing the
tyre.
22. a. Anvil: provide working surface.
b. Bellow: to stir up fire
c. Pincher: for holding heated metal
d. Hammer: For forging metals
23. For tools not to be stolen or get lost, for
tools not to injure the user
24. a.i. Keep in a dry place
b.i. To fix and remove nuts ii. Mechanic
c. i. Wash after use ii. Masonry
d. i. Keep in a dry place
e. i. To transport manure ii. Wash after
use. iii. A famer
f. i. To hold metal ii. Keep in a dry place
1. 5. Simple machine
1. b, 2. b, 3. b, 4 c, 5 a, 6. d, 7. b, 8. a, 9. d,
10. b, 11. c.
12. a. Machine b. Fulcrum
c. Simple machine d. load,
e. compound machine f. effort.
13. A simple machine is any device which
can simplify work
14. A simple machine is a device made
up of few parts but simplify work while
a compound machine is a device
made up of many parts but simplify work
15. i. By reducing the effort needed.
ii. By increasing the speed of work.
iii. By changing the direction of force.
16. Pulleys, screws, inclined plane,
wheel and axle.
17. a. Lever.
b. First class lever, second class lever,
third class lever
18. Wheel barrows, staplers, bottle openers,
nut cracker, nail clippers, paper cutter.
19. a. Lever.
b. A. Load, B. Fulcrum, C. Effort
c. P- Load’s arm R -Effort’s arm
20 . The law of lever states that load
multiplied by the loads arm is equal to
the effort multiplied by the effort arm
21. For digging, opening and fixing nuts,
cutting trees, raising flag, cutting meat.
22. a . First class lever .
b. Because thr fulcrum is between the
load and the effort
c. Fulcrum
d. A Tailor.
23. Knife, a pair of scissor, a razor blade,
hoe , needle.
24.a.i. Lever 3, ii. Lever 1, iii. Lever 2
b. i. third , ii. first, iii. second, iv. first,
v. second vi. second, vii, third.
25. a. In first class lever the fulcrum is
between the load and the effort
b. In second class lever the load is
between the fulcrum and the effort.
c. In third class lever the effort is between
the load and fulcrum
26. A lever is said to be advantageous when
the load is nearer the fulcrum/when the
effort arm is longer than the loads arm.
27. a. true, b. false, c. true , d. false , e. false
f. true, g. false
28. a. Y- fulcrum/ pivot b. point Z
c. Because a lever is easy to use or
advantageous when the effort’s arm is
longer than the load’s arm.
d.

x-below letter Z on the diagram.

e. First class lever
f. Because the fulcrum is between the
load and the effort.
29. L X LA= E X EA
30kg X 8cm= WkgX12 cm
240/12 = 12W/12
20 = W
30 a. ________________________

b. L X LA= E X EA
90kg X 6m= 45kgX xm
540/45 = 45x/45
12m = x
Robert
90 kg
Chantal
45 kg
6m
xm
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31. a. wheel barrow/ lever
b. (Teachers/parents guidance)
c. Second class lever.
d. Because the load is between the effort
and the fulcrum.
e. Washing after use, oiling/greasing the
moving parts, handling it properly.
32. a. Vanessa
b. Because she is standing near to the
fulcrum.
c. X will be in the
symbol
d. First class
33. 1st class : Pair of scissor, pliers.
2nd class: Wheel barrow, bottle opener.
3rd class: Tong, Spade.
34. a. i= Z , ii. X, iii. Y.
b. Because the effort is between the
load and the fulcrum.
35. Wedges
36. Clamp, screw nails, car jack, bolts, nuts.
37. i. Lifting very heavy things.
ii. It makes movement upstairs easier.
38. Because metals are hard and cannot
break easily .
39 . a. Work is a product of force and
distance moved.
b. Distance
40.a. i. A, ii. B.
41. b. 60 joules c. 330 joules
d. 25 joules e. 418 joules
f.16 joules
42. a. W.D = F X D b. W.D = F X D
600N X 15m 8kg = 80newtons
9000 joules 80N X 30m
2400 joules
c W.D = F X D d W.D = F X D
60N X 200m 50kg = 500N
12000 joules 500N X 5m
2500 joules
43.a. To get money, to get basic need,
 to avoid boredom, to join the peer.
b. Low salary, harassment at work,
poor working condition
44. a. i. The lady pushing a wheel barrow.
ii. A man pulling the box.
b. The lady is using a simple machine
45. a. An axe b. wedge c. cutting big trees
46.a. Knife, axe, razor blade , chisel, nail,
needle.
b. a pair of scissor, needle and razorblade.
47. (See pupils book six, under simple
machines)
48. Fulcrum/pivot.
49.a. Screw jack/car jack.
b. Screws
c. Help mechanic to lift the car when
replacing tyre
50. It simplifies work of digging.
51. a. A pulley is a freely rotating wheel with
a grooved rim.
b. i. Single fixed pulley,
ii. Single movable pulley
iii. Block and tackle pulley.
52. To raise flag on a flag pole. To fold and
spread window curtains, to lift load
when building , for towing broken cars .
53. a.i. Pulley A- Single movable pulley
ii. Pulley B – Single fixed pulley.
b. Pulley A.
c. effort = load /mechanical advantage
50N/ 2 = 25 N
54.a. E =L /MA = 25/1 = 25N.
b. Pulley
55. a - iii, b - iv, c - vi, d - ii, e - v.
56.a. Door knob, screw driver, windlass,
brace.
b.i. Drawing water from underground
tanks using windlass/winch.
ii. Drilling holes in wooden materials.
iii. It helps in loosening the screws.
57. Single fixed pulley does not move with
the load but single movable pulley
moves with the load.
58. See question 53.a. in this unit
59. When the input energy is converted into
output energy.
The maintenance given to the machine.
60. Handling tools well, cleaning tools after
use , oiling moving parts of machines,
proper storage of tools.
61.a. An axe, b. hammer, c. wheel barrow,
d. hand saw/ bow saw.
62. A pair of scissor, razorblade
63. 1- iii, 2 - iv, 3 - i, 4 - v, 5 - ii.
64. a. block and tackle pulley.
b. E = L / M.A 150/2= 75N
c. Because its make work easier.
65.a. fulcrum, b. ramp, c. pulley, d. wedge,
[Link] cracker
66. a. Friction is the force which oppose
movement between two bodies
b. Help in walking, in writing, lighting
matches, opening drawer stopping car
67. Increase weight of an object, put treads
on tyres, roughen surface, put patterns
on soles of shoes.
68. Smoothening surface, using wheels,
oiling the surface, using rollers, polishing
surface.
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69. Friction produces heat, machines can
stop working, soles of shoes wear off.
1.6 Object production
1. b, 2. c. 3. a, 4. d, 5. b.
6.a. Toys are play materials for children.
b. Clay soil, banana fibre , reeds, wood,
papers.
7. i. Toy Aeroplane ii. Doll
iii. Toy bird iv. Toy car.
8. For pay materials not to get damaged
For play materials to last for long
For play materials not to get lost.
9. Modeling is the activity shaping object
using clay or any other soft materials
10. Clay soil.
11. a - iv, b - ii, c - iii, d - i
12. Basketry
13. Banana fibre, sisal fibre, papyrus,
raffias, Small stick.
14. Coiling, weaving, twisting, interwining.
15. For sale, for storing grains,for fishing,
for putting fruits, for storing clothes.
16. i. Razor blade. ii. Needle, iii. Scissors.
17. Mats, hat, balls, traditional curtains,
skipping rope.
18. Bush, swamps, .
19.i. Mortar and pistil ii. Flower vase,
iii. Smoking pipe iv. Basket.
20. Pots, cup, trays, vase,
21. Store them properly, handle them well,
use it for its particular work.
22. Pots- Clay while basket- plant fibres.
23. Swamps, Lakes , river bank
24. a. She is making pots
b. Clay soil.
c. For storing water, for cooking, for sale
25. For playing, develop craft industry,
promote culture, for storing seeds/grains.
26. Local materials are things in the
environment that we can use to make
play, utility and learning objects
27. Pair of scissor, razor blade, ruler, pencil.
28. i. Square. ii. Circle , iii. Triangle , iv. Star.
29. Panga , plane, hand saw.
30. Wooden spoon, mingling stick, mortar,
chair.
31. Learning materials are the resources
teachers use to deliver instruction when
teaching
32. Manilas, papers, markers , clay soil, pen.
33. (See pupils book five under object
production).
34. So that in case you make a mistake, you
can rub and correct
35.a. Knitting is a method by which yarn is
manipulated to create a textile or fabric
b. Socks, table cloth, scarf , hat, blanket,
and bag.
c. Thread, Small Scissors, Project Bag(s),
books, Stitch, markers, tape measure or
ruler, knitting needle.
36.a. Paper cut out, modal object, pots,
wooden spoon.
b. Store them properly, Handle them well,
dry materials made in clay
37. a - d, b - b, c - a, d - f, e - e , f - c.
38.i. Wearing gloves when modeling
ii. Handle tools like panga with attention
iii. Store tools properly
39. Octagon: 8(eight), pentagon 5(five)
40.a. For mingling posho/ubugali.
b. For serving food.
c. For storing seed/grains.
Topic area 2: Information and
communication technology
1. c, 2. a, 3. a, 4. d, 5. a, 6. c, 7. b, 8. c, 9. b,
10. c, 11. b, 12. a, 13. b, 14. b,15. b
16. a. computer b. information c. internet
17. i. Tablet computer, ii. Desktop computer,
iii. Laptop computer iv. Handheld computer.
18. a. Monitor, mouse, key board, antennae.
b. For typing letters , doing calculation,
Accessing internet, to manage project,
to store data, to play music, for drawing
19. a - v, b - i, c - iv, d - ii, e - iii
20. Press the power button and wait after
the click on start menu then shut down
on the xo icon on the popup menu,
choose shut down.
21. Camera
22. a. enter b. power button, c. camera,
d. screen. e. keyboard , f. antennae,
g. mouse
23 a. Watch B ( Analogue watch)
b. 10:18 am c. Watch A d. Watch B
e. For knowing time, for setting alarm,
for self programming
24. Watch, telephone, computer.
25. Camera, computer, projector, printer,
printer, flash disc, telephone.
26. a. Sugar input system devices which
allow a computer user to enter
information in the computer.
b. Key board, microphone, mouse,
camera, scanner
27. Computer input allows the user to enter
the information in a computer while
computer output allows the user to get
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information from the computer
28. Printer, speaker
29.a. Scroll bar- for moving up and down
the document
b. System unit:- for keeping hard disk and
other input and output device in a
single case.
[Link] children to develop computer skills
ii. Help children in making research
31. Laptop computer is small in size but
desktop computer is big in size.
Laptop can be carried easily but desktop
is difficult to carry.
Laptop has battery but desktop has no
battery
32. a. A. Screen, B. Calling button,
C. On/off button, D. Key pad
b. For displaying what is going on.
c. Press the number on the key pad then
press on calling button.
33. Sending text messages, calling, accessing
internet, taking picture , playing music.
34. i. It help a computer user to enter dada.
ii. for typing letters, numbers and symbols.
35. Because gnome is a graphic user
interface which has many applications
36. Sugar and Gnome
37. i. Neighborhood view. ii. Group view,
iii. Home view iv. Activity view
38.i. CPU: Central processing unit
ii. PDA: Personal digital Assistant
iii. PC: Personal Computer
iv. OLPC: One Laptop per Child.
v. USB: Universal Serial Bus
vi. SD: Secure Digital
vii. CD: Computer Disk.
viii. DVD: Digital versatile Disk.
ix. H/W: Hardware
x. S/W: Software
39. a. Data is what is entered and stored in
the computer.
 b. Document , photos, songs.
40. It goes through a boot process before
the windows start.
41. a. Sugar interface is a system software
designed for children to learn on.
b. Gnome interface:- is a graphic user
interface which has many application
designed to help you in your work
42. Erase/ delete
43. Journal
[Link] save or keep the record.
To rename document.

To delete file or document.

To send a document.

To open and to close external memories.

To copy data from flash to journal.
45. a. A. Antennae B. Left built in speaker
C. Power button D. Key board,
E. Touch pad F. Screen rotates button
G. Game pad H. Screen.
b. For displaying what is going on in the
computer.
c. Part D is use for typing.
d. Antennae (part A)
e. Part C is use for switching on computer
f. So that it cannot be damaged
46. Children and their laptop
47.a. i. Hardware are parts of the computer
we can see and touch.
ii. Soft ware are the computer application
or programs.
b. Key board, mouse, monitor, scanner,
system unit.
48. a. i. System software.
ii. application software.
b. ROM (Read Only Memory)
RAM (Random Access Memory
49. a - iv, b - iii, c - ii, d - i, f - ii
50. A storage device is devices which is used
to keep data
51. Help the computer user to store or keep
 data
52. i. Internal storage ii. external storage
53. External hard disk, SD card, flash disk,
memory card, CD, DVD,
54. A. Neighborhood view B. Group view
C. Home view D. Activity view
55. Data is anything that you enter in the
computer while information is processed
data
56. Is the ability to share the same data
resource with multiple/many users.
57. Locate your PC’s USB port, plug your
memory stick into the USB port, wait
for the memory stick’s interface to
appear, select the files you would like to
add to the memory stick, hold down Ctrl
and tap C to copy your files. click the
memory stick window.
58. To make research, to save document,
to develop computer skills.
[Link], information, technology, computer,
Website, mobile phone, internet, Wi-Fi,
communication,
60. RAM, ROM, hard disk, memory stick.
61. It help the user to access data without
the flow electricity,
It Stores data permanently
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62. This is because when the power goes off
it loses everything.
63. This is because when the power goes
off, the information which is saved in
ROM remains
64.a. Hard disc, b. RAM, c. ROM, d. CD/DVD,
e. Flask disk, f. SD Card.
65.i. RAM – Random Access Memory
ii. ROM – Read Only Memory
iii. URL- Uniform Resource Locator
iv. USB- Universal Serial Bus
v. SMS- Short Message Service
vi. OS. Operating System
vii. Unlimited Power Supply.
viii. High Definition Medium Interface.
66. a. 4 (four)
b.i. A – Monitor B- System Unit (CPU)
C – Keyboard D- Mouse
ii. For typing letters
67. Microprocessor (CPU)
68. System unit.
69.a. Communication is the sending and
receiving of information.
b. Telephone, radio, television computer.
70. Keyboard, Mouse, system unit, monitor.
71. For displaying what is going on in the
computer.
72 a. Technology is the practical way of
applying scientific knowledge to do work.
b. i. Modern technology
ii. Traditional technology
73. a. A device is anything that can be
connected to the computer.
b. i. Input device ii. Output device
iii. Storage device.
74. Internet.
2.2 Writing skills
1. d, 2. c, 3. c, 4. a, 5. c, 6. a, 7. c, 8. a, 9. b,
10. b, 11. a, 12. d, 13. c
14. a - iii, b - iv, c - ii, d - i
15. Primary tool bar is the main tool bar
 with several icon while Secondary tool
bar appear when you click on one the
icon of a primary icon.
16. Type the sentence ‘‘ I love my teacher’’.
Select the sentence you wrote.
Go to formatting tool.
Change the font size to 12 or 14.
17. Open AbiWord.
Write the text you want.
Go to file tab and click on save option.
Then click on save icon.
18. i. Backspace key. ii. Arrows keys.
iii. Enter key iv. Space bar.
19. a. For inserting rows on a table.
b. For deleting column in a table
c. For underlining a word or sentence
20. i. sheet 1, ii. CTRL +S iii. active cell,
iv. a, v. c
21. a - iv, b - iii, c - ii, d - i
22. a. false. b. true, c. true d. true.
23. a - ii, b - i, c - iv, d - iii
24. Collaboration is sharing an activity on
XO laptop with a friend.
25. Grammatical mistake is when a sentence
is the well phrase or punctuated but
spelling mistake is when a word is not
spell well
26. 1. A, 2. S, 3. D, 4. (F,G), 5. (H. J), 6. K, 7. L
27. c
28. When you want to open an existing
document go to File tab, select open
option, Find the file you want to open and
click on open
29. a. A file is a saved document.
b. A folder is used for organizing files
30. i. From the home view
ii. From the journal
iii. From the invitation/ Collaboration
31. a - vi , b - iv, c - ii, d - v, e - i, f - iii
32. Rows and column .
33. a. A: Rows, B: Columns
b. i. 4 columns ii. 6 rows , iii. 24 cells
c. Open spreadsheet, select rows and
 column in worksheet, click on ok.
d. A cell is the interaction between rows
and column in a spread sheet but
active cell in the currently open or
selected in the spread sheet.
34. i. b, ii . d.
35.a. A a spreadsheet is a file made of rows
and column that help to sort data.
b. To sort data.
To arrange data.
To do calculation.
c. Tool bar, menu bar, name box, cells ,
scroll bar, status bar, formula bar.
36. Right click on the file you want to
rename, press erase button to delete the
existing name, then type the name you
want press enter
37.a. False. b. false c. true
38. CTRL + A
39 a. A workbook is a collection of
spreadsheet
b. A workbook is a collection of
spreadsheet while worksheet is
particular page of a spreadsheet
e.g sheet 1, sheet 2.
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40. It help learners to acquire computer
skills which they can apply in getting
basic knowledge such as technical
drawing, waste management,
prevention of diseases through
computer research.
41. a. Projector b. XO laptop c. Printer
d. Photocopier
42. A recycle bin is a special folder where
deleted files are stored or sent.
43. i. CTRL +B ii. CTRL+I,
iii. CTRL+U iv. CTRL+C
2.3 Graphic and multimedia
1. b.
2. Square, triangle, rectangle, rhombus.
3. Paint environment.
4. a. false, b. true, c. true.
5.a. A comment is a short text added to the
picture
b. To explain the meaning of the picture
6.a. A paint activity is how to frame up the
art work by matching tones and colours
b. It help children to match colours
in order to produce beautiful colours
7. a - v, b - iv, c - ii, d - i, e - iii.
8. Primary tool bar, Secondary tool bar(edit),
Secondary tool bar (shape)
[Link] delete part of the active layer/section.
[Link] select image/colour from the selection
box.
c. To transfer colour from active layer to
either primary or secondary colour slots
2.4 Computer research
1. a
2. b.
3. c
4. a. false b. true. c. true, d false e. true.
5. A search engine is a soft ware system that
is designed to search for the information
on the World Wide Web.
6.a. Google, Yahoo, bing, [Link], MSN,
 Netscape, Wikipedia.
b. World Wide Web.
7. i. General search egine,
ii. Social science search engine
iii. Meta- search engine
iv. Science specific search engine.
v. Art - Humanity search engine
8. [Link], Netscape, Wikipedia.
9. i. Searching for information
ii. Sending information
iii. Receiving information
iv. Saving important document
10.i. Key word searching ii. Phrase searching
11.i. Books ii. Media iii. Others iv. Knowledge
v. Image.
12. 1 - d, 2. e, 3. b, 4. a, 5. c.
13. Is a messages sent by electronic means
from one computer user to one or more
recipients via a network.
14. Names, date of birth, phone number,
e-mail address, password, your photo.
15.a. Electronic mail
b. Enter the website, click on log in, enter
the e-mail address, enter the
password then press enter .
c. Click on profile icon , click on sign out.
16.i. You can send the mail.
ii. Receiving the mail
iii. Having access to social media
iv. Having access to other web page
v. Saving important documents
17. It can be time wasting , can lead to theft
since it requires money to buy network
service if one is not working, it can cause
immorality, it can lead to child abuse.
18. a. Mozilla fire fox, ii Google chrome
b. (Use your name).
19. It help because two or more people may
be having the same name.
20.a. is an animation or image which
replaces an unchanging computer
display after a period of inactivity.
b. Right-click the desktop and choose
 personalize, click the Screen Saver
button, from the Screen Saver drop-
down list, choose a screen saver, click
the preview button to preview your
screen saver of choice, click to stop the
preview, click OK, and then click the
close button.
21.a. Paragraph alignment refers to how
the left and right edges of a paragraph
align on a page
b. For aligning text on the left, right
center and justify.
22. a. true. b. true c. true d. true.
23. a - iii, b - i, c - v, d - vi, e - ii, f - iv
24. Playing games, listening to music,
watching movies, editing photos typing
letters
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2.5 Programming for children
1. a. Programming.
b. Scratch activity, Turtle, java script,
python, luo/hablox.
2. Scratch interface is a visual programming
environment which allow the user to
learn programming.
3. a. Moves the turtle forward the number
of pixels entered.
b. Moves the turtle backward the number
of pixels listed.
c. Changes the turtle’s direction to the
turtle’s left by the angle specified.
d. Clears the screen of all drawings and
sends the turtle to the middle/center.
4.a. To allow the computer user to program
interactive stories and games.
b. b.
c. block palette, stage, script area,
sprite list.
5. i. Sprite is an object that performs an
action in a dialogues and cartoons.
ii. Animation is the act of giving an object
a human character like speaking and
movement.
6. Spriting.
7. A script is a group of command block
which interlock with each other.
8. Click scratch activity, go to file menu,
select new command block needed to
create a script, drag blocks into the script
area .
9. A background is an image of stage with a
script on it.
10.a. A soft ware use for selecting and
recording sound
b. To play sound using sound block which
control volume tempo and others.
c. Edit tab is a sugar interface used to
divide screen into several plane.
11. For recording sound, For playing sound
 For modifying sound, For editing sound
For removing background sound
12. a. They are objects with specific (definite)
shapes
b. Rectangles, square, circle, triangle,
parallelogram, rhombus, cuboids.
c. A trapezium is a quadrilateral with
one opposite side parallel while a
rhombus is a quadrilateral with all
sides equal, two opposite sides are
parallel and two opposite angles are
equal.
13. arc angle 90 radius 100.
14. Etoys is a software environment that
allows you to learn real programming.
15. Etoys screen
16. Navigator bar, supplies and Etoys book
17. They look just like real world thing
They have small oval surrounding when
you right click on them
18. i. Addition. ii. Subtraction
iii. Division iv. Multiplication
19. a - iii, b - iv, c - i, d - ii, e - iv
20. Help the computer user to find the
meaning of new words
21 a . For deleting rows in a table.
b. For changing colour of the text.
c. For underling word or a sentence.
d. For entering/inserting column in a
table.
22.a 1. Search key, 2. Control key,3. Shift key
4. Alter key 5. Space bar, 6. Arrow key
7. Enter key. 8. Erase/delete key.
9. Volume control key
10. Brightness control key.
11. Frame key 12. View key.
b. For typing letters.
23. iii.
24.a. Helping in making research
Make communication easy
Help in getting new
b. It is expensive
It can cause un acceptable behaviour
 It can be time wasting if not properly
used.
TOPIC AREA 3: Air, wind and sound
3.1 Air and wind.
1. b, 2. a, 3. d, 4. b, 5. d
6. a. Air is a mixture of gases.
b. i. Oxygen ii. Carbon dioxide.
iii. Nitrogen. iv. Rare gases.
7. a. Nitrogen b. Carbon dioxide
8. i. For breathing ii. Support burning
iii. Help in seed germination
iv. Help green plants to carry out
photosynthesis.
9. Because water contains oxygen which
support burning
10. a. A: Oxygen B: Rare gases
C: Carbon dioxide D:Nitrogen
b. Photosynthesis
11. i. Help in germination
ii. Supports burning iii. For breathing
12. To put off fire/it does not support
burning
13. a. Oxygen b. Carbon dioxide c. Oxygen
d. Oxygen e. Nitrogen f. Carbon dioxide
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14. a. Carbon dioxide.
b. To preserve the drink/soda.
c. To allow the liquid inside to expand
when it is hot
15. i. Preservation of food/ drinks
ii. Help plants to carry out
photosynthesis.
iii. use in fire extinguisher to put off fire.
16. i. Air has weight ii. Air occupies space
iii. Air move things iv. Air exerts pressure
v. Air expand when heated.
17. a. Air has weight.
b. Because it contain air and air
has weight.
18. a. true b. true c. false
[Link] [Link] e. false
19. During Photosynthesis plants release
carbon dioxide which animals need for
respiration.
20. a. Air expand when heated.
21. To allow fresh air into the house.
22. Because plants respirate oxygen
at night so it can cause soffucation or
death
23. i. Causes air pollution
ii. Lead to global worming
24. Can cause death, it can cause
soffacation/ difficulty in breathing
25.a. It is lowered because the oxygen in
water was being used for burning.
b. There was no supply of oxygen.
c. To find out if oxygen support burning
26. Because air exert pressure.
27. a. Air exert pressure.
28. Charcoal.
29. Air occupies space.
30. Wind.
31. i. Breeze wind ii. light wind
[Link] wind iv. Strong wind
32. For winnowing, source of electricity,
to move boats, cools our body, drying
 clothes, help birds to fly.
33. a. Barometer.
b. Measure air pressure.
c. Vacuum.
34. a. Is the daily condition of a place
recorded for a short period of time
b. Wind, rain fall, humidity, air pressure,
clouds, temperature, sunshine.
c. Sunshine, wind, Temperature
35. a. i. Destroys houses. ii. Causes floods.
iii. Kills animals and people.
iv. Make boads capsize in water.
v. Wind is an agent of soil erosion.
b. i. Planting trees.
ii. Building house with strong materials.
36. a. A: Cloudy weather B: Wind weather
C: Rainny weather D: Sunny weather
b. i. Destroy houses, kills animals,
kills people, it causes soil erosion
c. By using an umburella
d. To feel warm/avoid coldness.
37. a. Wind vane, direction
b. West.
38. a - iii, b - i, c - iv, d - ii
39. Wind pollinate crops
40. A: Wind make boats capsize in water.
B: Wind destroy houses.
3.2 Sound
1. Sound
2. Animals, drums, birds, piano, wind.
3. By blowing.
4. Gas, solid, liquid
5. a. Solid.
b. Because the molecules are close to
each other.
6. Because there is no medium or air in the
vaccum
7. To communicate, when mating, when
they are in danger
8. Music is an organised sound, noise is a
disorganised sound
9. a. Aquatic animals can communicate in
water
 b. It causes echo.
10. a. A vacuum is an empty space
b. No.
c. Because it has no medium.
d. Radio, telephone, television
11. a. A guitar.
b. By plucking.
c. Through sound waves.
d. Using DVD, Phone, CD, memory card
12. Echo.
13. Soft obstacle, hard obstacle.
14. Using earmuff, reducing the volume
of sound
15. a - iv, b - iii, c - i, d - ii
16. Using memory card, sound recorder.
17. Radio, television, telephone
18. i. noise ii. music
19. a. Drum A b. Drum D
[Link] help him or her to record or play music
21. a. Yes
b. By using sound recorder, tapes.
22. Yes: Sound can travel through metals.
23. Small object vibrates faster producing
high sound.
24. a. Music is an organised sound.
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b. 7 notes.
25. Because few objects are vibrating at
night while during the day many objects
are vibrating.
26. a. Sound can be reflected (echo).
b. Reflection of sound when sound
waves meet a very hard surface.
27. a. Regular vibration, irregular vibration.
b. Regular vibration.
28. Noise is a disorganised sound while
music is an organised sound.
29. To absorb sound and prevent it from
travelling long distance.
30. a. Reflection of sound.
b. Echo sound(SONAR).
31. a. i. Make us to feel headache.
ii. we cannot understand well.
b. By putting on ear mauff.
32. To amplify sound.
Topic area 4: Soil.
4.1 Soil.
1. b, 2. d, 3. b, 4. d, 5. a, 6. c, 7. , 8. d, 9. b
10. a, 11. c, 12. a,
13. Soil.
14. i. Decomposition ii. Weathering
15. Rock particles, water, mineral salt,
humas, air, living organism
16. Humas.
17. For growing crops, for making pots,
for building houses.
18. a. sand soil. b. loam soil. c. clay soil.
19. a. When plants and animals die and
decompose in soil
b. They aerate soil
20. a - ii, b - iii, c - i
21. Making terraces,planting trees.
22. Help in germination, Help living
organisms to breathe
23. Top soil, sub soil, gravel, rock particles.
24. It contain a lot of humas and other
nutrients
25. Earth worm, moles, termites
26. a. Vertical arrangement of soil layers.
b. Top soil
27. a. X: Top, soil, Y: Sub soil, W: Gravel,
Z: Stones/rocks.
b. Top soil
c. Leaching, Over cultivation, soil erosion.
28. a. A: Clay soil, B: Loam soil, C: Sand soil
b. Building houses
c. Source of income, Source of food.
d. Pottery
29. It is easy to dig, it is dark in colour,
it has lot of nutrients, has good drainage.
30. a. Soil erosion is the carrying away of top
soil from one place to another.
b. Running water, Strong wind, animals,
people
31. Gulley erosion, sheet erosion,
rill erosion, river bank erosion.
32. Deforestation, Bush burning,
over grazing , over cultivation.
33. Making terraces, crop rotation,
planting trees, bush fallowing.
34. It can cause soil erosion.
35. Destroy crops, reduce soil fertility
36. Make soil fertile, provide timbers for
building, help in rain formation, source
of fuel.
37. Sand soil
38. Help to control soil erosion,
help to control crop pest and diseases.
39. Aforestation is the planting of trees
where they never exist but
Re- afforestation is the planting trees
where they have been cut
40. It has less humas, it has poor drainage.
41. a. Deforestation is the cutting down of
trees in large number.
b. Causes soil infertility, lack of rain fall,
air pollution.
42. By preventing soil erosion.
43. When all the plants are burnt , it make
soil remain uncovered and get exposed
 to agents of soil erosion.
44. a. A: Sand soil, B: Loam soil, C: clay soil
b. It has big soil particles
45. Adding manure, bush fallowing.
4.2 Soil preparation
1. b, 2. a, 3. c,4. d,
5. a. Are steps taken to prepare land before
planting
b. To open land for growing crops
To increase productivity
To make crops grow fast
To make soil soft
To increase soil fertility
6. i. Land clearing.
ii. Primary cultivation.
iii. Secondary cultivation.
iv. Application of manure.
v. Levelling.
7. a. Yes
b. Food is necessary for human life
To increase food production.
To to reduce hunger.
To get money
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c. Reduces rainfall, destroys eco-system,
lead to environmental degradation,
leads to drought.
8. Fertilizers are substance added to soil to
make it more fertile.
9. Organic(natural), inorganic( chemical)
10. An axe, panga.
11. a. Compost manure, Green manure,
organic mulch, farm yard manure.
b. Organic fertilizers are made from
remains of plants and animals but
chemical fertilizers are made from
non living materials.
12. a. NPK: Nitrogen, Phosphorous and
Potassium.
b. SSP: Single Supper Phosphate.
c. CAN: Calcium Ammonum Nitrate.
13. Improves soil fertility,
Support plant growth
14. It can destroy crops, It can spoil the soil
15. Compound fertilizers, Straight fertilizers
16. Apply orgnic fertilizers before chemical
fertilizers, wear gloves when applying
fertilizers, wash your hand with soap
after applying fertilizers, respect the
doze, apply fertilizers when soil is moist
17. a. true, b. false, c. true, d. false
18. To avoid posioning
19. Fertilization.
20. Wheel barrow, Rake, Spade, Garden fork
21. a. Addition of harmful substance into
soil
b. Plastic, polythene, concrete, metals
22. It pollute soil and make it infertile
23. a. Are ways of proctecting soil from
erosion and being exhusted.
b. It help to maintain soil fertility
24. Adding manure, planting trees, making
terraces, mulching the garden
Topic area 5: Classification of
animals
5.1 Classification of vertebrates
1. b, 2. c, 3. b, 4. a, 5. c, 6. c, 7. d,8. a, 9. b,
10. d, 11. a, 12. c
13. Vertebrates, invertebrates
14. Vertebrates are animals which have
backbones.
15. Mammals.
16. Vertebrates have backbones but
invertebrates have no back bones.
17. a - V, b - iv, c - ii, d - i, e - iii
18. a. Invertebrates
b. Bees, butterfly, housefly, mosquito.
19. i. Warm blooded animals.
ii. Cold blooded animals.
20. Are animals whose blood temperature is
constant.
21. All have backbone
22. Because their blood temperature do not
change.
23. Water
24. a. Reptile
b. Warm blooded animals while cold
blooded animals.
25. a. A: Birds B: Amphibians C: Mammals.
D: Fish E: Reptiles
b. They are cold blooded,
They reproduce by laying eggs.
c. Both are warm blooded, both breathe
through lungs.
d. In water.
e. Snake.
f. All have back bone.
g. They reproduce by giving birth.
26. a. Reptile
b. Amphibians
c. Crocodile, Tilapia
d. A tilapia lay eggs while a monkey give
birth, Tilipia have external fertilization
but monkey has internal fertilization.
27. a. Because it does not have backbone.
b. Amphibians
28. Because its blood temperature keep
changing
29. Both are warm blooded, Both breathe
through lungs
5.1.1 Mammals
1. Are animals with mammary gland and
their bodies are covered with hair/fur.
2. They have mammary gland, Reproduce by
giving birth, warm blooded.
3. To produce milk for the young ones.
4. Human being, kangaroo, lion, whale.
5. Bat
6. Spiny ant eater, Duck billed platypus.
7. a. Toad, Shark, crocodile.
b. Toad, Shark, hen, crocodile.
c. A cat give birth while others lay eggs.
d. Amphibians.
8. They have mammary gland, Their bodies
are covered by hair
9. A lion feed on meat but man feed on both
meat and plants
10. a. Omnivorous animals feed on meat
and plants
b. Man, Pig, bear, Monkey
11. a. Pouch mammals or marsupials.
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b. Kangaroo, koala bear, wallabies,
opossums
12. a. All of them lay eggs
b. Mammals
c. Both live in water
d. All are vertebrates.
13. Whale, dolphins, porpoise, seals and
dugongs.
14. a. A: Horns B: Hoof C: Testis D: hump
b. For fighting/protection
c. Udder
d. 146 bulls X 4 legs= [Link]
15. Because it chew cud, it has 4 stomach
chembers.
16. Goat, sheep.
17. a. O: Rumen P: Abomasum Q: Reticulum
R: Omasum
b. Plants
18. Ruminants chew cud but non- ruminants
don’t
5.1.2 Birds
1. a. Feathers.
b. Because its blood temperature is
constant
2.a. They have feathers, They breathe
through lungs, they reproduce by
laying eggs, most birds move by flying
b. beak
3. For flying, to keep the body warm, to
incubate eggs, to brood the chicks.
4. Ostrich, Sunbird, eagle, chicken,duck.
5. a. R: Beak S: Wing T: Claws U: Tail feather
b. To pick food
6. a. They have poorly developed wings,
they are to heavy.
b. Kiwi, ostrich, emu, penguin, cassowary.
7. a. Nest.
b. by laying eggs.
8. a. To pick up food
b. It feeds on meat/flesh.
c. It has sharp beak for tearing flesh.
 d. Beak C
e. Bird A
9. For holding tree, for scratching food.
10. Destroys crops, dirty environment.
11. a. Are animals which mainly feed on
grains
b. Rice, maize, millet, sorghum
12. Both have scale on their bodies,
both reproduce by laying eggs
13.a. A: Gullet/food pipe B: Crop
C: Stomach D: Gizzard E: Vent
b. To soften food.
c. (both are found on the head)
5.1.3 Amphibians
1. In water.
2. Frog, toad, newt, salamander.
3. Because it uses both lungs and skin to
respirate or breathe
4. External fertilization.
5. Mammals give birth while amphibians lay
eggs.
6. Tadpole.
7. Web legs.
8. Lungs and skin.
9. a. All are vertebrates
b. Animal A give birth while other animals
lay eggs
c. Reptile
d. By hiding in its shell
e. Bilharzias
f. It can bite and kill you.
10. They are cold blooded, Reproduce by
laying eggs.
11. A tad pole uses gills while adult frog
uses skin, lung and mouth cavity.
12. Both of them lay eggs.
13. both breathe through gills, both have
tails for swimming.
5.1.4 Fish
1. Are animals whose body/blood
temperature keep changing
2. Because it has backbone.
3. because fish breahe dissolve Oxygen
 through the gills
4. Protects its skin/body.
5. Nile perch, Silver fish, rays, Tilapia, Shark
6. Both live in water.
7. Proteins.
8. a. A: Scale B: Gill cover C: Lateral line
D: Tail fin (caudal fin) E: Dorsal fin
b. To protect itself from enemies.
c. To detecting sound
9. Gill cover/operculum.
10. External fertilization.
11. They have fins, they are cold blooded,
they breathe through gills, they have tails
12. Both breath through gills, both live in
water, both have tails
13. A snake breath through lungs but a fish
uses the gills.
14. Spiracles.
15. Source of income, source of food.
16. Both have scales on their bodies,
both have back bone, both lay eggs.
17. For tasting food, for smelling
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18. a. List A are cold blooded while list B are
warm blooded.
b. Both live in water
5.1.5 Reptiles
1. Their bodies are covered with scale,
they reproduce by laying eggs, they are
cold blooded, move by crawling.
2. To protect the skin.
3. Crocodile, snake, turtle.
4. They have very short legs
5. Crocodile, chameleon, snake, lizard
6. By laying eggs.
7. Snake.
8. To trap insects.
9. Internal fertilization.
10. Source of food, their skin are use for
making drums.
11. a. i. Tortose ii. Snake iii. Chameleon
b. Reptiles.
c. O: By entering in its shell
Q: By changing colour
12. Chameleon.
13. Because they have very short legs and
others have no legs
14. Crocodile, snake
15. Both breathe through lungs
16. Amphibians
17. i. Rat- mammal iicrocodile-Reptiles
18. Both lay eggs, both breathe through
lungs, both have scales
5.2 Animals mode of life
1. Locomotion
[Link] search for food, to move a way from
danger, to look for mates, to search for
water.
3. Both move by flying.
4. Animal move, animals reproduce,
animals breathe, animals feed.
5. a - v, b - i, c - ii, d- iii, e- iv
6.a. Flesh/meat.
b. Lion, jaguar, dog, tiger, wolf, cat cheeta.
7. To get energy, to prevent diseases, to
grow, to keep alive.
8. Carnivores feed on flesh while herbivores
feed on plants.
9. Cow, zebra, bufallo, goat, sheep, antelop.
10. They have long sticky tongue to trap
insects and others have strong claws to
dig the soil.
11. a. Carnivore b. Insectivore
c. Grainivore d. Herbivore e. omnivore.
12. a. They have sharp claws, they have
sharp inscesor teeth
b. Rabbit, Rat
c. Carrots, cassava, sweet potatoes
13. a - iv, b - v, c - i, d - ii, e - iii
14. a. The process by which food and
Oxygen burn in the body cells to
release heat energy.
b. Oxygen
15. a. Oxygen b. Carbon dioxide
16.a - iii, b - v, c - ii, d - i, e - iv
17. Carbondioxide and water vapour
18. a. Both are used for breathing
b. Crabs, tadpole
c. i. fish, crabs, tadpole, water snail.
ii. people, lizard, chicken, lion
iii. earth worm,leech, bristle
iv. bees, housefly, mosquito, ants.
19. Both breathe through lungs.
20. a. R: Gills, Q: Mouth
b. (M - is pointing at the eye)
c. For absorbing oxygen( for breathing)
21.a. Rat: giving birth.
b. Fish: laying eggs.
c. Tortose: laying eggs.
d. Human being: giving birth.
22. External fertilization.
23. Oviparous are anmals which reproduc
by laying eggs while viviparous are
animals give birth to young one.
24. a. i. Walking ii. carnivore iii. Give birth
b. i. insectivore ii. skin and lungs iii. Lungs
c. i. Flying ii. Granivore iii. Lungs
 d. i. Crawling ii. Lungs iii. Lay eggs
e. i. Walking/ jumping ii. Roden ii. Lungs
f. i. Swimming ii. isectivore ii. Lay eggs
5.3 Insects
1. Invertebrates are animals without
backbones.
2. Housefly, tsetse fly, grasshopper, bees,
cockroach, moth, wasp, mosquitoes,
beetle, butterfly, dragon fly, Prey mantis.
3. a. Source of food, pollinate crops
b. Spread diseases, string and kill people
4. a. P: Antenna W: Spiracles X: Head
Y: Thorax Z: Abdomen
b. For smelling, sensing
c. For breathing .
d. On the thorax.
e. 6.
5. They have three body parts,
they have pair of antenna, it has six leggs,
they breathe through spiracles.
6. Because it has eight legs, two body parts
and breathe through book lungs.
7. Mandible
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8. a. A: Eggs B: Nymph C: Adult
b. B has no wings but C has wings.
c. Destroy papers, eat clothes and papers
it spread diseases like typhoid
d. Locust, termites.
9. Both spread diseases.
10. White ants, grasshopper.
11. A housefly has 4 stages of growth but a
cockroach has 3 stages.
12. Because it does not have backbone.
13. (to be done in your note book)
14.a. Bee.
b. Housefly.
c. Bee, butterfly.
d. Spider, ticks.
e. Housefly, bee, grasshopper, butterfly.
15.a. A: Adult B: Eggs
C: Larva(caterpillar) D: Pupa
b. It destroys plants
c. In leaves of palnt
16. They help to carry out pollination in
plants
17. a. In stagment water.
b. Anopheles mosquito.
c. Plasmodium.
18. Drain off stagnant water, Cut bushes
around home, sleep under mosquito net,
spray with insectcide.
19. It can cause respiratory diseases to
people , it pollute air.
20.a. Insect in glass A will die first.
b. because its spiracle is inside water.
TOPIC AREA 6: Animal
management
6.1 Rabbit keeping
1. Rabbitary is the keeping of domestic
rabbits
2. Labour, capital, land, market, breeds of
animals.
3. a - iv, b - v, c - iii, d - i, e - ii
4. A group of animals having smilar
 characteristics.
5. Local breed, exotic breeds.
6. Should be healthy, should grow fast,
should be young.
7. a. true b. false c. false d. false
8. Source of income, source of manure,
source of meat, skin and fur.
9. They are less expensive to buy, they do
not need a lot of space.
10. They get sick easily, needs a lot of care.
11. A buck.
12. Cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, chicken.
13. a. A: Tail B: Ear/ pinna C: Eye
D: Leg/thigh
b. For hearing
14. Because it has a big pinna.
15. Walking/ jumping
16. To allow enough air inside the hutch.
17. a. Poles, wire, nails, iron sheet
b. To protect rabbit from crawling
predators
18. Hutch should be dry, should be
large enough, should be strong,
should not leak, should be clean.
19. To prevent diseases, to keep rabbit
warm.
20. By bulding raised hutch above the
ground.
21. Over crowding rabbits, poor housing.
22. a. Coccidiosis, pneumonia, ear scabies,
snufflies, tape worm, weepy eye.
b. Keep the hutch dry, vaccinate rabbits,
keep the hutch clean, isolate infected
rabbit.
23. Loss of weight, rough hair, loss of
appetite, diarrhoea with some blood.
24. To prevent unnecessary mating.
25. A group of young rabbits
26. a. Pneumonia
b. Invite the veternary doctor for
treatment, use antibiotic to treat
rabbits, kepp the hutch dry and clean.
27. Meat, manure, fur.
28. They have sharp inscisor, they burrow
the ground, they feed on root
29. a. H: Mouth I: Small intestine
J: Large intestine K: Stomach
L: Caecum
30. Carrots, edible weeds, cabbage, pellets.
31. Pellets.
[Link] prevent diseases like tape worm.
33. 30 days.
34. To allow reproduction.
35. Choose healthy rabbits, choose the one
big in size, choose the high productivity,
choose the one resistane to diseases.
36. To provide them with mineral salts.
37. Where it gives birth.
38. a - iv, b - iii, c - ii, d - i
39. a. a buck
b. a bunny
c. burrows, hutches
d. Litter
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6.2 Chicken farming
1. Is the rearing/ keeping of chicken
2. Ducks, goose, turkey
3. Hen, cock
4. Salmonella.
5. a. Coop/poultry house.
b. Should be clean, should be strong,
should be raised above the ground,
should be airy (well ventilated)
6. i. Layers, ii. Broilers iii. Dual purpose.
7. For meat production , source of income,
for egg production, provide manure.
8. By cross breeding local with exotic breed.
9. They get eggs.
10. Feather.
11. To keep them warm, to brood chicks,
to incubate eggs.
12 i. Layers : White leghorn, New Hamshire,
ii Broilers : Cornish cross, Light Sussex.
iii. Dual purpose : Ancona, black Australlup
13. a. Layers b. Proteins
14. Battery cage system, free range system,
dip litter system, falt system.
15. Free range system.
16. Is system where birds are allowed to
move around home area to look for their
own food.
17. a. Hen is small in size but a cock is big.
Hen has dull feathers but a cock has
shinny feathers.
b. i. To peak food ii. To protect itself
iii. For scratching food in soil
iv. For indentification
18. Incubation is giving eggs necessary
conditions so that it can hutch.
19. Natural incubation, artifical incubation
20. Warmth, oxygen
21. a. 21 days b. 30 days c.14 days d. 28 days
22. A device or a structure for the rearing of
young chickens.
23. Reflectors, heating source, brooder
 guard.
24. a. P: egg shell Q: Albumen X: Air space
Y: Chalaza Z: Yolk
b. To protect inside part
c. Oxygen
d.(a back spot inside part Z)
e. Calcium
25. To get much nutrients from the feeds,
for easy digestion.
26. a. Chick mash b. Growers mash
c. Broilers mash
27. Egg shell contain calcium which help in
growth of strong bones and formation of
strong egg shell.
28. a. i. Removing sturbon or infected hen.
ii. Controlling animals movement to
prevent spread of diseases.
b. Prevents chicken from moving from
one area to another.
29. a. Thursday.
b. 156 eggs.
c. Tuesday and saturday.
d. 162 X 90 Frw = 14580 Frw.
e. 1099.
f. Number of eggs X price per egg
1099 X 90 = 98 910 Frw.
30. a. Giving special care to chicks
b. Natural brooding , Artificial brooding
c. Should lay many eggs, it should care
for its chick.
31. An organism which lives on another
organism called host and cause
harm.
32. Mites,lice,fleas,tape worms.
33. Coccidiosis, bronchititis, salmonella,
Ascarid, Gumboro.
34. Over crawding, poor hygien in the coop.
35. Keep the coop clean and dry, Vaccinate
chicken
36. Are bad behaviours among chicken.
37. Canibalism, fighting, egg eating.
38. a. Lack of calcium in their diet.
b. Feed chicken on a balance, avoid over
 crawding chicken.
6.3 Cattle and goat keeping
1. Pen or goat shed, cow shed or kraal
2. Size, quality, productivity,age.
3. Local breeds, exotic breed.
4. Source of income, source of milk,
source of meat, provide manure.
5. Is the act of giving birth in goats.
6. Boar, galla, nubian goat, toggen burg,
saanen goat, alphine goat
7. Alpine goat and toggen burg.
8.b. Give little milk ii. Give a lot of milk.
c. Have long hornes iii. have short hornes.
9. Poles, iron sheet, nails.
10. Protect animals from bad weather.
Protect animals from dangerous animals
For easy control of farm animals
For easy carrying out of farm operation.
For easy provision of feeds and water
11. Should have enough air space.
Should have slanting floor.
Should be kept clean.
Should be strong enough.
Should have good drainage.
12. To prevent diseases and dirtness.
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13. A goat uses lungs while a fish uses gills.
14. Are methods of feeding farm animals.
15. Increase productivity, animals become
healthy, improves on the quantility,
prevent diseases.
16. A: Zero grazing B: Teathering
C: Paddocking
b. Herding (free range grazing).
17. To prevent some diseases.
18. Because of lack of enough land/ it does
not need a lot of space
19.a. Elephant grass.
b. Friday.
c. Elephant grass
d. Concentrates are made by mixing maize
grain, coffee husk , rice husk and some
crushed bones and fish meal.
e. i. Friday ii. Monday
20. Castration, drenching, culling,milking
dehorning, spraying ,dipping, feeding
21. a. 5 months( 150 days).
[Link], Milk, Skin, manure.
22. Shoes, bags, belts, clothes.
23. a. Good happetite, heaving smooth skin,
eyes are clear and bright, animal walk
steadily, nostrils are cold and wet.
b. East coast fever, heart water, red water.
24. 1 - iii, 2 - iv, 3 - i, 4 - v, 5 - ii
25. a period when a nanny goat/cow is
ready to be mated.
26. Becomes restless (unsettled)
The vulva swells and becomes reddish.
Whitish discharge from the vulva
Mounting other goats.
Standing still when mounted.
Loss of appetite.
27. Pasture, Fodder crops, concentrates.
28. External parasites, internal parasites.
29. a. Ticks, mites, tsetsefly, lice.
b. Causes diseases.
c. Give goats clean feeds, deworming
 goats/cattle.
30. Anthrax, mastitis, pneumonia, nagana
foot and mouth disease, , tuberculosis,
rinderpest, east coast fever.
31. a. Separate infected animals, treat with
antibiotics, keep good hygien, spray
with acaricide
b. To prevent the spread of internal
parasites
33. East coast fever, red water, heart water.
34. Mastitis.
35. High fever, fast death, loss of appetite.
36. Acaricides.
37. Hand milking, machine milking.
38. Washing hands, washing udder
39. Boiling, pastralization, freezing.
40. It can spread some diseases.
41. Proteins, vitamins.
42. a. A: Exotic breed( fresian).
B: Local breed(inyambo).
b. A has no horn B has long horn
c. Breed A because it gives a lot of milk
Breed B because it is resistance to
diseases.
43. Their skin are raw materials for making
shoes
44. Milk, meat, manure, skin
45. It help to control cattle diseases
46. It spread nagana
47. Source of income.
Topic area 7:
Water, Sustainable waste
management and air pollution
7.1 Water
1. b
2. c
3. c
4. a. Rain, wells, lakes, springs, taps, seas,
oceans, bore hole.
b. Rain
5. Water has no colour, water has no taste,
water has no smell, water has no shape,
pure water boils at 1000c.
6. To prevent diseases like cholera, typhoid.
7. For drinking, for cooking, for washing,
for bathing, for watering plants.
8. a. Ice b. By melting or heating
9. a. 1000centigrade b. 00centigrade
10. a. A: Drinking or human food.
B: For washing clothes.
C: For swimming or recreation.
D: For cooking.
11. a. Is the process of watering plants in a
large scale.
b. Dry season
12. a. Juice, soda, beer, wine, milk.
b. For washing, for cooling machines.
13.a. Is how rain is formed
b. Heats the sun and make it to evaporate
14. a. Change of state from liquid to gas
b. Process by which gas change into
water
c. Process by which plants loose water
into the atmosphere
d. process by which water fall down
inform of rain.
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15. Support plant growth, people get water
for domestic use, rain fills lakes and
rivers with water, it remove dust from
environment.
16. a. C: Water body D: Sun E: Clouds F: Rain
b. A: Evaporation B: Condensation.
c. To heat the water body and cause
evaporation.
d. Transpiration.
17. Kills people, destroy plants, kills animals,
causes soil erosion, spread diseases,
make the environment dirty.
18. Planting trees, Making terraces
19. a. Water cycle
b. Water vapour
c. Sun (source of heat)
d. To cool down hot vapour to form water
e. Heat energy
20. B: Water body. C: Water vapour. D: Rain.
21. Deficating and urinating in water,
washing cars and clothes in water,
throwing dirty thing in water.
22. a. Is the addition of harmful substances
into water.
b. Water pollutant.
23. Industralization, poor disposal of waste.
24. Animal carcass, domestic waste, faeces,
industrial waste, animal dungs, urine,
agricultural chemicals.
25. Don’t defecate near water, don’t bath or
swim in a water source, proper disposal
of waste, treate waste from industries.
26. Diarrhoea, typhoid, cholera, hepatitis,
dysentery, worm infection
27. 30 meters.
28. Because it is not clean, it is not treated,
it is dirty.
29. a. Children polluting water while others
fetching.
b. Urine, faeces
30. a. Sorting, soaking, washing properly,
 rinsing out, drying.
b. You consider colours and materials of
clothes fabrics.
31. Are different steps taken to obtain
pure water from dirty water.
32. Boiling, chlorination, decanting,
filtration, distilation, screening.
33. Is the keeping of water clean.
34. a. 1: Charcoal 2: Course sand 3: Gravel
4: fine gravel/fine sand 5: Cotton. or
1: Gravel 2: Sand 3: Charcoal
4: Course sand 5: Cotton
b. Filtration.
35. Prevent water contamination, prevent
the spread of germs.
36.a. Sand soil.
b. a -ii, b - i, c - v, d - iv, e - iii.
c. Decantation, shifting.
37. To prevent the spread of germs or
diseases.
38. It spreads bilharzias.
39. a. Are diseases spread through drinking
pollutes water.
b. Hepatitis, cholera, typhoid, worm
infections, diarrhoea, dysentry.
40. Germs/microbes.
41. a. A: Faeces B: Flies C: Food D: Finger
b. Because it can lead the spread of
diseases.
42. Cholera, typhoid, dysentery, diarrhoea.
43. Proper waste management, treating
water before drinking.
44. a. Because it can easily spread from one
person to another
b. AIDS, typhoid, diarrhoea, tuberculosis,
scabies, dysentery,cholera.
c. Washing fruits before eating, wash
hands before eating, keep personal
hygiene and sanitation, always use
boiled or treated water, keep food
hygiene.
45. They can crawl in dirty area, babies eat
anything they come across.
46. Tape worm.
47. It can spread diseases.
48. Trachoma, cholera, typhoid, diarrhoea
worm infection.
49. Drinking dirty water, eating dirty food,
eating half cooked food.
50. Tape worm, Hook worm, flat worm,
pin worm, round worm, liverfluke.
51. A condition caused by lack of enough
water in the body.
52. Fever, prolonged diarrhoea, vomiting.
53. So that the person can regain or recover
the lost water.
54. a. Dehydration is loss of water while
rehydration is to get back the lost
water from the body
b. Sunken eye, little or no urine.
55. ORS: Oral Rehydration Solution.
SSS: Salt, Sugar,Solution.
3Ds: Diarrhoea Dehydration Death.
4Fs: Faeces Flies Food Finger.
56. Salt, Sugar, clean water.
[Link] recover the lost water from the body.
58. 1(salt), 8(sugar).
59. Sugar 8 X 4= 32spoons salt = 4 spoons.
60. To prevent contamination.
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61. i. Wash the hand with clean water.
ii. Measure on liter of water in a container
iii. Measure 8 tea spoon of sugar.
iv. Measure 1 tea spoon of salt.
v. Stir the solution, taste the solution.
62. Stagnant water.
63. Female anophlese mosquitoes.
64. Plasmodium.
65. Sleep under mosquito net, spraying with
insecticide, draining stagnant water,
using mosquito coil.
66. it can cause lung diseases to people.
67. Should have toilets, rubbish pit, kitchen.
68. Toilets, dirty places, rotten food.
69. Breeds mosquitoes, Produces bad smell.
70. To prevent it from being contaminated
or dirty.
7.2 Sustainable waste management.
1. a. For deposting faeces and urine.
b. For putting rubbish.
2. Is spread of diseases, poor sanitation.
3. Are the activities and actions required to
manage waste from its inception to its
final disposal.
4. Biodigradable waste, Non- biodigradable
waste, Harzardous waste, recyclable
waste.
5. Dust bin, rubbish pit.
6. a. A: Children sweeping compound.
B: Washing hand after visiting toilet.
7. To prevent diseases or germs.
8.i. Toilet: Girl ii. Latrine: Boy.
9. Bad smell, easy spread of disease.
10. Recycling is the process of converting
waste products into new products.
11. Glass, plastics , electronics, metals,tires,
textile.
12. Help to reduce pollution caused by
waste, it also reduces needs to use new
raw materials.
13. Reuse, Recycle, Return, Reject/Refuse,
 Reduce.
14. Biodigradable waste are waste which
can easily rot but non biodigradable
waste are waste than can not rot easily.
15. a. Food waste, papers, leaves,
grass chippings, animal waste.
b. Plastic products, glasses, metal scraps.
16. To avoid bad smell, to stop flies from
carrying germs to our food.
17. To ensure proper waste removal.
18. Because it spoil soil, it does not rot
easily.
19. Land fills ( using rubbish pit), recycling,
combution (open burning), composting.
20. Are waste which are harmful to human
health or the environment.
21. Chemicals, paints, pesticide,plastics,
batteries
22. a - iii, b - iv, c - v, d - ii, e -i
23. Easy spread of diseases, Environment
pollution.
24. Is lowering of the quality of the
environment.
25. Industrialisation, bush burning,
deforestation, using chemicals for fishing.
26. Collection of waste, Safe transportation
Treatement/ processing, Maximize reuse
and recycling, compositing.
27. a. At least 10 meters away.
b. It can easily block the pipe.
c. To promote hygiene and sanitation,
help in proper disposal of human waste
28. Cholera, typhoid, dysentery, diarrhoea.
29. a. To keep rabbish.
b. in the class, in office, female toilets on
road sides.
30. To protect the environment, to reduce
water pollution, to protect human
health, reduce air pollution, help to
conserve energy, reduce pollution, we
get fresh air to breathe.
31. Cholera, typhoid, dysentery, diarrhoea.
7.3 Air pollution
1. Addition of harmful substance into air.
2. Industries, cars, insecticides, ciggarates
rotten materials, dirty toilets.
3. Industrialisation, smoking, bush burning,
poor disposal of waste.
4. Air pollutant.
5. Smoke, fogs and mist, dust, sprays.
6. It can cause diseases, it can lead to global
warming.
7. Proper disposal of human waste, Treating
smoke from factories, planting trees, not
smoking tobacco in public places.
8. a. Are diseases which can easily spread
through breathing
b. Tuberculosis, anthrax, whooping caugh,
influenza, chicken pox.
c. Living in a well ventilated house, keep
your environment clean.
9. To prevent bad smell.
10. i. industries, ii. insecticide
11. a. is the notabal increase in temperature
caused by damage of ozone layer.
b. Bush burning, charcoal burning,
deforestation, stone quarring.
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12. Affects ozone layers, less rain,
increase in temperature.
13. Influenza, whooping caugh.
14. it releases lots of of smoke from
cars and industries.
15. a. Ozone is a belt of naturally occuring
gas one.
b. Protect us from direct sunlight.
16. Trees absorb carbon dioxide from air
during photosynthesis
17. Global warming.
18. a. Producing a lot of smoke from
factories.
b. Cutting down trees for making
charcoal.
c. Fishing.
d. Throwing polythene bags on soil.
19. It provide energy which can be used for
cooking, making people not to cut trees.
20. Addition of harmful substance into the
environment.
21. To prevent air pollution which causes
respiratory diseases.
22. It causes global warming.
23. It pollute air, it causes soil erosion,
destroy eco- system.
Topic area 8: Plant life
8.1 Plants
1. c, 2. b, 3. a, 4. d, 5. c, 6. a, 7. c.
8. a. Are plants which bear flowers
b. Shoot system, root system
9. They grow, they feed, they reproduce,
they make their own food.
10. Plant make their own food while animals
get food from plants.
11. Germination is the growing of of seed
into seedling.
12. Oxygen, moisture, warmth, healthy and
mature seed
13. Seedling.
14. Epigeal and Hypogeal germination,
[Link] germination where the cotyledon
comes out of the soil whilw hypogeal of
germination where the cotyledon
remains in the soil.
16. a. A seed is a mature ovule.
b. i. Monocotyledonous seed.
ii. Dicotyledonous seed.
17. To absorb water into the seed during
germination
18. a. Beans, peas, soya beans, ground nut
b. Epigeal germination
19. a. A: Plumule B: Radicle C: Cotyledon
D: Testa or seed coat
b. To protect inside part of the seed
c. Stores food for the germinating
embryo
d. Cotyledon.
20. a. Are seeds with only one cotyledon.
b. Maize, Rice, sorghum, millet.
c. Because it has one cotyledon.
21. Lack of conditions for germination,
some time when it is not mature
22. a. L: Cotyledon, M: Endosperm,
J: Plumule, K: Radicle, Q: Stalk scar
b. Deelops into shoot system
c. To store food for the embryo
d. Hypogeal germination
23. a. Cotyledon b. Cotyledon
24. a. True, b. False, C. False, d. True, e. True
25. a. Germination
b. 13.5 Cm - 8.5 Cm = 5 Cm
c. Warmth, moisture, Oxygen.
26. Source of food for animals, Help in rain
formation
27. a. A: Fruit B: Leaf C: Roots D: Stem
E: Flower
b.i. Help in photosynthesis.
ii. Help in breathing/respiration.
iii Help in transpiration.
28. Chlorophyll
29. Stomata
30. a. Simple leaf. b. Compound leaf.
31. To make food for the green plant.
32. Transpiration.
33. To carry out photosynthesis
34. Oxygen
35. Leaves and green stems
36. Photosynthesis is the process by which
green plantsmake their own food while
transpiration is loss of excess water
from plants.
37. a. A: Apex, B: Margin, C: Vein,
D: Leaf stalk
38. a. is the process by which green plants
make their own food.
b. Sunlight, carbondioxide, chlorophyll,
and water
39. Oxygen
40. Starch
41. Carbondioxide, water
42. Oxygen
43. Help plants to get food, give oxygen to
animals
44. Because there is no sunlight
45. a. Transpiration
b. Help in rain formation
46. a-iii, b- iv, c- v, d- i, e- ii
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47. Transpiration
48. Animals provides plants with
carbondioxides
49. To carry water and minerals from roots
to other parts, to hold leaves, flowers
and fruits.
50. Sugar cane, green dodo
51. To support plant in the soil, to absorb
water from the soil, some roots stores
food some make food dor plants.
52. a. Are roots which store food for the
plants
b Cassava, sweet potatoes, carrots.
53. (you can see pupils book four SET)
54. A flower is a reproductive part of plant.
[Link] decoration, for showing love, for sale
for making perfume, some flowers are
[Link] are used as a sign of welcome.
56. To protect the seed
57. Vitamin C
58. a - iii, b - i, c - v, d - iv, e - ii.
59. a. A: Fleshy leaf B: Terminal bud
C: Stem D: Bulb E: Roots
b. To absorb water and minerals for the
plant
60. Fibrous root
61. Sugar cane
62. a - iii, b - iv, c - v, d - i, e - ii.
8.2 Plant and environment.
1. Animals, plants.
2. Source of fuel, help in rain formation,
Prevent soil erosion, source of local
medicine.
3. Medical plants used to make harbal
medicine.
4. Rose mary, umuravumba, ginger.
5. Cash crops, food crops.
6. Food crops are crops grown for food.
7. i. Cassava ii. Mangoes iii. Onion iv. Maize.
8. Cassava, onion, beans, rice.
9. Food crops are grown for food but
 cash crops are grown for sale.
10. Maize, millet, rice, sorghum, wheat.
11. Because they are source of energy giving
food cereal crops are used for making
alcoholic drinks.
12. Sweet potato, carrots.
13. Are crops with root nodules.
14. Beans, ground nut.
15. a. A: Legums B: Root tubers C: Fruits
D: Vegetables E. Cereals
b. Proteins.
16. Insecticide and perfumes.
17. Sunflower, cotton, macademia.
18. Source of income, trees help in
rain formation, prevent soil erosion,
source of wood fuel charcoal.
19. a. PLanting of trees.
b. Planting trees where they have cut.
c. Planting trees together with crops.
d. cutting down trees in large number.
20. i. Sugar, sweets. ii. pyrethrum.
iii. Coffee. iv. Cooking oil, plastics.
v. Tobacco. vi. Peanut.
vii. Tea leaves. viii. Cotton.
21. To open land for agriculture,
to get timbers, to get charcoal and
fire wood.
[Link] making furniture, For building houses
23. Causes global warming , causes soil
erosion, lead to desertification,
destroys eco-system,less rainfall.
24. Help in rain formation, source of raw
materials, prevent soil erosion, source
of wood fuel.
25. Are ways of protecting trees.
26. It pollute air, affect rain formation.
27. Afforestation /re-afforestation,
bush fallowing, terracing hilly area,
rotational grazing, contour ploughing,
crop rotation, mulching.
8.3 Plant reproduction
1. a. The process by which living things give
birth to young ones.
 b. Assexual reproduction,
Sexual reproduction.
c. A flower.
2. a. M: Stigma. T: Petal. N: Anther.
S: Filament. O: Ovules. R: Sepal.
P: Ovary. Q: Flower stalk.
b. To produce the pollen grain
c. Stigma(part M)
d. Fruits
e. Filament(part S)
f. In the ovary( Part p)
g. To attract pollinators egg: birds, insects
and animals
3. Ovary.
4. Pistil and stamen.
5. Both produce male sexual cells.
6. In the Ovary.
7. Stigma, Ovary, Ovules, Style.
8. A seed, a fruit
9. Sperms.
10. a. G: Ovules, F: Stigma.
b. To receive the pollen grain.
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11. From the ovary.
12. Anther, filament.
13. a - ii, b - iv, c - iii, d - i.
14. Pollination in the transfer of pollen grain
from the anther to the stigma of a flower.
15. Cross pollination , self pollination.
16. Insects, animals, birds, wind.
17. They help to carry out pollination in
plants.
18. a. Cross pollination.
b. Help in the proccess of fertilization
and reproduction.
19. Pollination would not be easy.
20. Pollination is the transfer of pollen grain
from the anther to the stigma but
fertilization is the union of male and
female gamates to form a zygote.
21. In cross pollination the pollen grain is
carried from one flower to another while
self pollination the pollen grain is carried
within the same flower.
22
Insect pollinated
Wind pollinated
Have large petals
Have small petals
Produce scent
Produce no scent
Produce nectar
Produce no nectar
Produce few pollen
grains
Produce a lot of pollen grains
Have sticky stigma
Have hairy stigma
23. Is the union of male and female cells to
form a zygote.
24. i. Become a fruit. ii. Become a seed.
25.a. The scatting of seed.
b. Animals, wind, birds, self mechanism.
c. Help seed to spread in different areas.
26. Help to reduce compitition of nutrient
among the mango plant.
27. Grafting.
28. Mango, Avocado, Lemon, Orange
29. is the type of reproduction which does
not involve the union of gamates.
30. Stem cutting, suckers, grafting,
layering.
31. Asexual no union of gametes, sexual
union of gametes is involved.
32. a. Banana plant b. By suckers
c. Pine apple, sugar cane.
33. a - iii, b - iv, c - ii, d - i
34. a. Pistil b. Ovary c. Style d. Petals
e. Stamen f. Anther g. Sepal
Topic area 9: Human body
9.1 Human sensory organs.
1. d 2. c 3. d 4. d 5. b 6. b 7. a
8. a. Central nervous system.
b. The brain , Spinal cord, Nerves.
9. a. To transmit impulse to the brain.
b. true.
10. To be interpreted.
11. For thinking, controlling body activities,
for remembering, for reasoning.
12. Skin.
13. i: Eye ii: Nose iii. Tongue, iv. Skin v. Ear.
14. a. Skull.
b. Take enough rest, eat a balanced diet.
15. To make the brain rest, to relax the body
organs.
16. i: Feeling ii. Sensory nerve
iii. Ear iv. Auditory nerve,
iv. Smelling, vi. Eye,
[Link] nerve viii. Tasting
9.1.1 The skin
1. a. Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis
(fatty tissue).
b. Epidermis.
2. To keep the body warm.
3. Vitamin D
4. Help to keep the body warm
5. a. A: Epidermis. B: Dermis. C: Nerve.
 D: Sweat gland. E: Pores.
b. Muscular system/ Nervous system.
c. Sweat.
6. Melanin.
7. Sweat.
8. Protects the body, Sense organ for
feeling, keep the body warm.
9. Bathing daily, washing clothes, ironing
clothes, smearing with Vaseline.
10. To avoid bad body smell, to prevent
some skin diseases.
11. The soap has chemical which help to kill
germ and remove dirties from our body
12. Soap, sponge, clean water.
13. Scabies, chicken pox, tinza, eczema,
ring worm
14. Bathing daily, wear clean clothes, Ironing
clothes, avoid sharing clothing with
infected people.
15. Bathing regularly, avoid sharing clothing.
16. Albinism.
17. a. Activity A: Bathing B: Ironing.
b. Help to kill germs found in clothes.
18. Burns, insect bites, scald, bruises
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19. a. A burn is an injury caused by dry heat
b. Hot metal, Hot charcoal
c. Put an ice pack over the affected area
20. Burn is caused by dry heat but ascend is
caused by wet heat.
21. Keep sharp object away from bodies,
wearing shoes, use unculators to carry
hot objects.
22. Brain and ears
9.1.2 The tongue
1. Tasting
2. a. A: Sweet B: Salty C: Sour D: Bitter
b. Pink
c. Tasting food, Help in chewing and
swallowing, Cleaning teeth, Mixing food
and saliva, Help in speech.
3. Wash your tongue with clean water,
always brush your tongue with soft brush,
avoid taking very cold or hot drinks, Avoid
smoking.
4. It can affect our tongue and stomach.
5. Gustative nerve
6. To determine the food taste
7. To soften the food.
8. To produce saliva.
9. Canker Sores , Thrush .
10. a. Apple, honey, biscuit
b. Red Pepper
c. Lemon has sour taste while biscuit has
sweet taste.
11. Sore, swelling of tongue, loss of sense of
taste
12. It can damage our tongue
13. Bite, scald.
14. a - iv, b - v, c - i, d - iii, e - ii
15. Eye.
16. Brain.
17. a. true. b. false. c. False. d. True.
9.1.3 The nose
1. a. Smell.
b. For smelling, for breathing.
2. Nostrils.
3. a. X: Nasal bone Y: Nasal cavity
W: Nostril Z: Olfactory nerve
b. To stop dust from entering the our
lungs.
4. Clean your nose with a clean handker
chief, always breathe through the nose
5. Because the cilia/hair in the nose stop
dust from entering our lungs
6. a. Nasal tuberculosis, influenza, sinusitis
common cold.
b. By washing with clean water and soap,
cleaning using a clean handkerchief,
avoid smelling strange things,
7. a. handkerchief b. nostril.
c. smell. d. olfactory nerve.
8. Nose blockage, nose bleeding.
9. a. Some infection, high temperature,
accident
b. Let him/her sit in one position and
raise the head in upward position.
9.1.4 The ear
1. Hearing and body balance
2. Outer ear, middle ear, inner ear
3. Pinna
4. Auditory nerve
5. a. Hammer, Anvil, stirrup
b. To amplify sound
6. i. Cochlea ii. Auditory nerve, iii. Ossicles
iv. Auditory nerve v. ear drum.
7. The pinna collect sound, auditory canal
direct sound to ear drum,then to the
ossicles and cochlea where hearing take.
8. Prevent the ear drum damage.
9. Loud nose can damage our eardrum.
10. a. 1: Outer ear 2: Middle ear 3: inner ear
b. A: Pinna. B: Auditory nerve
C: Auditory nerve D: Ear drum
E: Semi Circular canal F: Cochlea
c. Eustachian tube
d. Cochlea (part F)
e. Semi circular canal(part E)
11. Both help in controlling body balance
12. Otitis, meniere’s diseases, tinnitus,
Vertigo, deafness.
13. a. Deafness
b. Infection
c. Partial deafness, sensory deafness,
permanent deafness.
14. Ear drum.
15. a - iv, b - iii, c - I, d - ii
16. By removing the ear wax
17. Wash your ears daily and keep them dry,
do not use sharp objects for cleaning
your ears, eating a balanced diet to
keep healthy, avoid staying near noisy
places, Remove the ear wax regularly
9.1.5 The eye
1. Seeing
2. Light energy
3. Outer layer( cornea sclera), middle layer
( choroid layer), inner layer(retina)
4. To supply blood the outer layer
5. a. A: Pupil B: Iris C: sclera D: Eye brows
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b. Controls the size of the iris to reduce
or increase light entering the eye.
c. Because it prevent sweat coming from
fore head from entering our eyes.
6. a. Vitamin A
b. To carry light impulse to the brain.
7. Iris
8. Wash your eyes with clean water.
Eat food rich in vitamin A.
Avoid rubbing your eyes with dirty finger.
Wear sun glasses on a bright shinningday.
9. Because it bright light can affect our eyes.
10. a. F: Iris G: cornea H: Pupil
I: lens J: Retina K: Optic nerve
b. To send light impules to the brain.
c. Retina ( part J).
[Link] strain, abnormal shape of the eye
lens, abnormal shape eye ball,
eye diseases
12. a. A: Short sightedness ( myopia).
Long sightedness ( Hypermetropia).
b. A- The image is form in front of the
retina but B. The image is form
behind the retina
c. A: Using concave lens B: Using convex
13. By contracting when the light is bright
and relaxing on dim light
14. Short sighted is the inability to see
distant object while long sightedness is
inability to see nearby objects.
15. The image is upside down, the image
laterally inverted
16.a. Short sight ( myopia)
b. Wearing glasses with concave lens
17. a. Concave lens
b. Short sightedness
18. Trachoma, river blindness, glaucoma,
night blindness, conjunctivitis
19. Housefly
20. It can easily eye and skin diseases
9.2 The human skeleton
1. d, 2. b, 3. b, 4. d 5. d 6. a 7. a 8. b 9. c 10. d
11. b 12. c 13. a 14. c 15. b 16. b
17. a. A skeleton is the frame work of bones
in the body.
b. Head, trunk, limbs.
18. Support the body, give the body shape,
help in body movement, protects delicate
body organ, production of blood cells.
19. Endo skeleton, exo-skeleton, hydrostatic
skeleton.
20. Because it does not have back bone.
21. Femur.
22. Help to join bones in the body, allows
movement.
23. Bones.
24. 206, 24, 33, 14.
25. Calcium and phosphorous.
26. Endo skeleton is where bones are found
inside the muscles while exo skeleton is
where had materials are found outside.
27. Short bones, long bones, flat bones,
irregular bones
28. a. Head/skull/cranium.
b. Q: Eye orbit(Zygomatic).
P: Neck vertebrate.
R: Teeth.
S: Frontal.
29. To protect their head in case of accident.
30. Doing sport, keeping good sitting
posture, eating a balanced diet,
brushing teeth.
31. Heart, lungs
32. a. Skull or cranium.
b. Ribs.
c. Vertebral/colour.
d. Pelvis.
33. Joints.
34. Limbs in made up of legs and arms.
35. a. A: Humerus. B: Radius. C: Ulna.
b. X: Ball on socket joint.
36. Calcium and vitamin D help in the
growth of strong bones
37. i: Ligament. ii. Tendon.
38. Femur, Tibia, Humerus, ulna, fibula,
radius.
39. a. X: Pelvis Y: Femur Z: Patella(Knee cap)
40. a. A: Sternum. B: Vertebral bone. C: Ribs
b. Lungs, heart.
41. a. i. Femur, tibia, ulna , Humerus, fibula.
ii. Carpals, tarsal, Meta carpal.
iii. Ribs, skull.
iv. Vertebral column, pelvis.
b. To prevent vertebral deformation.
42. Help pedestrian to cross the road safely.
43. Femur, tibia, fibula, Humerus, ulna,
radius.
44. Over loading, Diving on high speed,
playing on road, bad roads.
45. a. O: Pelvis. P: Ulna. Q: Carpals.
R: Skull ( frontal). S: ribs. T: Humerus.
U: Tibia V: Femur X: Meta tarsal
46. a - ii b - iii c - iv d - i
47. Keep good sitting posture, eat food rich
in calcium and phosphorous, doing
physical exercise.
48. Rickets.
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49. a. A fracture is the broken bones in the
body.
b. Simple fracture/closed fracture,
compound fracture/open fracture,
green stick fracture.
c. Because their bones are still soft.
50. Vehicle accident falls, sporting injuries,
jumping from high places.
51. Swelling over the bones, bleeding,
deformity of an arm or leg
52. a. A: Closed fracture B: Open fracture
b. B(Open fracture)
53. To support the broken harm
54. A fracture is a broken bone in the body
while dislocation is when the bone move
from its normal position.
55. a. Joint.
b. Movable joint, immovable joint
c. Hinge joint allows movement in only
one direction but ball and socket allow
movement in all direction
d. To allow easy movement at joint
56. a. Pelvis. b. Vertebrae. c. Skeleton.
d. Tendon.
57. a. i. Skipping ii. Foot ball.
b. Help in growth of strong bones and
muscles
c. The child can give any
58. White blood cells.
59. a. Vanessa
b. Prevent bone deformation, make us to
look smart.
60. It causes vertebral deformation.
61.a. Rickets, polio, bone cancer,
vertebral tuberculosis.
b. Rickets.
62. a. A: Kyphosis B: Lordosis C: Scoliosis
b. Poor sitting and walking posture,
accident, some diseases.
63.a. Fracture. b. Dislocation. c. Dislocation.
9.3 Muscules.
1 - a, 2 - a, 3 - c, 4 - d.
5.a. Are elastic substance found in animals
body.
b. Red, white.
6. Controls body movement, joins bones in
the body.
7. Circular or round muscles, flat muscles.
8.a. true b. false, c. true d. true e. false
9. Controls body movement, attaches bones,
maintaining body poster, to regulate
body temperature.
10. Help to pump blood to all parts of the
body.
11. Voluntary muscles/ skeletal, cardiac
muscles, involuntary muscles/ smooth.
12 Masseter, Temporalis, Frontalis.
13. Biceps, triceps, abdominal muscles,
calf muscles.
14.a. Contracting, relaxing.
b. Overuse of a muscle, dehydration,
Keeping in a position for a long time.
15. Voluntary muscle are muscles whose
movement can be controlled while
involuntary are muscles whose
movement are automatic.
16. a . A: Triceps. B: Biceps.
17.a. Cardiac muscles.
b. pectoral muscles, abdominal muscles ,
dorsal muscles.
18. Lips muscles, eyelid muscles, muscles
of blood vessels, muscles of reproductive
organs.
19. Scurvy, polio, cerebral palsy.
20. Doing physical exercise, bathing daily,
having enough rest, eating a balanced diet,
avoid too much alcohol.
21. Muscles are elastic, muscles contract
and relax.
22. i. Ligament connects bone to bone.
ii. Tendon connect bones to muscles.
9. 4 Digestive system
1. b.
2. Digestion.
3. Mouth and end in small intestine.
4. To produce digestive juices.
5. To determine the taste of food.
6. To soften food, make swallowing easy,
it contains enzymes which digest starch.
7. Make digestion easy , prevent indigestion
8. Enzymes.
9. a. A: Mouth. B: Gullet/food pipe.
C: Liver. D: stomach.
E: pancreas. F: Colon/ large intestine.
G: Ileum/ small intestine I: Rectum.
b. Gastric juice.
c. F: Absorption of digested food.
G- Absorption of water.
10. To produce bile, to regulate blood sugar,
control body temperature, removes
poisonous substances from blood.
11. It should be washed with clean water.
12.a. Mouth to anus.
b. Salivary gland , gastric gland, liver,
pancreas, wall of small intestine.
13. Pancreas and liver.
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14. Ingestion, digestion, absorption
assimilation, egestion.
15. Peristalsis.
16. Epiglottis.
17. Food can chock you. Food can enter
wind pipe.
18. Carbohydrates/starch.
19 a. To digest proteins.
b. Kills some germs swallowed with food.
20. Alimentary canal.
21. Gastric gland
22. i. ingestion.
ii. The breaking down of food into smaller
particles.
iii. The process by which digested food is
absorbed into the blood stream.
iv. Egestion.
23.a. Doing physical exercise, chewing food
properly, eating a balanced diet, avoid
very cold and hot food, washing hands
before eating, eating well cooked food.
b. To prevent digestive disorders.
24.a. To avoid food contamination.
b. Diarrhoea, cholera, dysentery, typhoid,
worm infection , appendicitis.
25. Milk/ breast milk.
26. i. Amino acid.
ii. Glucose.
iii. Fatty acid/ glycerol.
27. a. Proteins.
b. To kill some germs which are
swallowed with food.
c. Alcohol, medicine.
28.a. Indigestion, constipation, vomiting,
intestinal obstruction.
b. Chewing food properly, avoid eating
too much food, include fruits and
vegetable in your diet.
29.a. Bile. b. Mouth.
c. pancreas. d. gastric.
e small intestine.
30. 1. Food enters the mouth.
2. saliva start to digest carbohydrates.
3. Food move through the
esophagus/ gullets.
4. Stomach enzymes break down food.
31.a. To receive food.
b. to produce saliva that soften food
c. to carry food to the stomach
d. to store food
e. to store faeces
32.a.i saliva.
b. i. Gastric gland ii. Rennin.
c. i. Liver ii. Pancreatic juice.
iii. No enzymes.
d. i. intestinal juice.
9.4.1 Teeth
1. In the mouth.
2. Milk teeth, permanent teeth.
3. Help in mechanical digestion of food ,
help to break down food, for chewing food.
4. Dental hygiene is the keeping of our teeth
clean.
5. Brushing teeth after a meal, eating food
rich in calcium and vitamin D, avoid
eating too much sugary food., do not use
your teeth to open bottle top of soda.
6. It can break your teeth.
7. Incisors 8, Canines 4, Premolars 8,
Molars 12, Total 32.
8. Dentist.
9.a. P: Incisor Q: Canines
R: Premolars S: Molars
b. 16 teeth.
10. Dental caries.
11. To remove food particles , to avoid bad
smell, to prevent teeth diseases.
12.a. i. A. Incisor – For biting/cutting food.
ii. B. Molars – For grinding food.
iii C. Premolars – For chewing.
iv. Canines – For tearing food.
b. Both can be used for chewing and
grinding food.
c. it has sharp pointed head/crown.
13. Brushing teeth after eating.
14. Calcium and phosphorus
15.A. A dental formula is the arrangement
of teeth in the jaw bone.
b. Adult= I 2/2 , C1/1,PM 2/2, M3/3 =8/8
X2 16/16 = 32
Child I 2/2 , C1/1,PM 2/2, = 5/5 X2
10/10 =20
16. a. A-Crown, B- Neck, C-Root, D-Enamel,
E-Dentine, F- Pulp cavity, G- Gum.
b. Molar teeth/premolar teeth
c. Skeleton system/digestive system
9.4.2. Food and nutrition
1. Food is anything good to eat or drink
2. For body growth, prevent diseases,
to keep the body alive. to give energy to
the body, for normal body function.
3. Balanced diet is a meal containing all food
values in their right amounts.
4 To consider the food nutrients in the food
to be prepared.
5. Body building food , energy giving food,
body protective food.
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6. It makes digestion and absorption of food
easy
It forms the basis of blood plasma
It reduces body temperature by sweating
It quenches thirst
It helps to remove waste products from
the body.
7. A balanced diet.
8. a. A- energy giving food B- Body building
food, C- Body protective food.
b. Group B
9. Maize, bread, honey, rice, yams,
Irish potatoes, sweet potatoes cassava.
10. Because it help in body growth and
repair of worn out body tissue
11. Carbohydrates, mineral salt, water, fats
and oil/lipids
12. a. To build the body/body growth
Repair worn out body cells.
Help in formation of new cells
Prevents kwashiorkor in childr
b. Seven(7) classes 13 Vitamins.
13. Vitamin C.
14. Fish, chicken, meat, egg, milk, beans,
peas, soya beans.
15 a. beans and milk.
b. Carrots.
c. Source of vitamins and roughages.
d. Carrots ,oranges, milk
e. Carbohydrates
16. a. Deficiency diseases are diseases
caused by lack of certain food values
in the body.
b. Kwashiorkor, marasmus, goitre, night
blindness, scurvy, anaemia, rickets,
beriberi, pellagra.
17. By eating a balanced diet.
18. Children do not make choice of the food
they want to eat.
19. a. Kwashiorkor b. Anaemia.
c. Goitre, d. Beriberi.
20 I would advise her to give her baby food
rich in vitamin C like mangoes, oranges,
avocado, yellow banana.
21. The children are likely to suffer from
kwashiorkor, scurvy, night blindness.
22. a. Marasmus is caused by lack energy
giving food/carbohydrates
b. Old man’s face, thin body , always
hungry, general body weakness,loss
of body weight
c. Give the children food rich in
carbohydrates or energy giving food.
13.a. Is caused by lack of protein or body
building food in the body.
b. Eat food rich in proteins
c. Swollen belly, swollen moon face,
swollen feet and hands, Skin rash,
little brown hair.
24. a. Carrots, green vegetable.
b. It causes night blindness
c. Night blindness
d. Eat food rich in vitamin A.
25. a. Kwashiorkor
b. to give the child food rich in proteins.
c. Proteins, vitamins, mineral salt, lipids.
26. Lack of vitamin C.
27. Mangoes, apple, guava, pawpaw,
oranges grapes, water melon.
28. a. Green dodo.
b. Green dodo contains iron which
c. This is because beans is source of
proteins which prevents kwashiorkor.
29. Vitamin D
30.a. Calcium and phosphorus.
b. Green vegetable, dry fish, meat,
common salt, milk, eggs , grains.
c. Lack of iron.
d. Liver, eggs, cereals, kidney.
e. Goitre.
31. a. Rickets.
b. Give the child food rich in calcium
and vitamin D
32. a. iii - b - v, c - iv, d - ii, e - i.
33.a. Help in formation of blood.
For growth of strong bones and teeth.
b. Iron, Calcium, Phosphorus, Iodine,
Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium,
34. Help to prevent constipation
35. Carbohydrates supplies the body with
energy
36.a. Boiling, deep frying, shallow frying,
baking, roasting, baking, grilling.
b. Washing food.
c. To make it soft, to kill germs,to make it
edible,to increase nutrients
37. a. Using dirty utensils.
Cooking in dirty kitchen/environment.
Not covering cooked food.
Not washing hands before eating.
b. Use clean utensil, cover cooked food,
keep the kitchen clean,washing fruits
before eating
38. a. Family B b. Vitamins
c. Family D d. Proteins and Vitamins.
39. a. Goitre, b. beriberi,
c .Scurvy, d. anaemia.
i. Carbohydrates ii. Proteins,
iii. Vitamin A iv. Vitamin D/calcium.
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40.a. Food preservation is methods of
keeping food for a long time.
b. A-freezing, B-sun drying C- Smoking.
c. Salting, tinning/ canning, grilling,
roasting, deep frying.
d. Fruits, meat, fish, vegetables, milk.
9. 5 Reproductive system
1. a, 2.d, 3.c, 4.b, 5.a. 6.a, 7.b, 8.d, 9.c, 10.b,
11.b, 12.c, 13.b, 14.a, 15.b , 16.b, 17.a., 18.c,
19. c, 20, b, 21.b,
22. a. Fertilization b. 2….fallopian
. c. 9 months/40 week d. uterus.
e. sperm ….ovum f. cervix
g. vagina/cervix h. testis
23. a. Reproduction is the process by which
living thing increase in number by
giving birth to young ones.
b. Sexual reproduction,
Asexual reproduction
24. Childhood, adolescence and adulthood.
25.a. Adolescence is the period between
childhood and adulthood
b. Diseases, poverty poor feeding,
drug abuse, sexual violence, accident
26. Increase in size and height
Growth of hair around the pubis
Sweat gland become more active
Development of muscular force
Pimples appear on the face
27. For urinating ,for sexual intercourse
production of ovum, produce female
sexual hormones, act as birth canal.
28. Growth of breast, Menstruation begins,
hips become big, voice become soft,
ovulation starts
29. i. sperms ii. ovum.
30. a. A- Clitoris. B-Urinary opening.
C-Vaginal opening. D-Labia majora.
E- Labia minora.
b. Lead to school dropout , you can die
at birth, causes shame to the family.
31. a child.
32. a. O-Penis, P-Gland,
Q-Scrotum, R- Pubic hair.
b. The penis become big , wet dreams
begin, the voice become deep,
production of sperms, widening of
chest ,growth of beard.
33. Fertilization is the union of sperm and
ovum to form a zygote.
b. Zygote
34.a. Oviduct/fallopian tube

b. people have internal fertilization but

a frog have external fertilization.
35.a. cell K – Ovum. ii. cell H- Sperm.
b. cell K (sperm)
c .Ovum is big while sperm is small.
Ovum is round in shape but sperm
look like a tadpole.
d. To allow fertilization.
e. Both have nucleus.
36.a. Bathing regularly/keeping body clean.
b. abstaining from sex, avoid drug abuse
through sex education, a void bad peers.
37. a. K- Oviduct, L- Ovary, M- Cervix,
N-Vagina, O-Uterus/womb
b. fertilization.
c. To produce and store ovum.
To produce female sexual hormones.
d. Implantation and pregnancy
[Link] them clean through regular
bathing, abstain from sex,drying the
organs with a clean towel after
washing,people infected with STDs
should seek medical treatment from
healthy workers immediately, Iron under
wears ,Avoid sharing under wears.
39. It connects the embryo to the mother
at the placenta in the uterus.
40. Ovulation.
41. a - iv, b - iii, c - i, d - ii.
42.a. Menopause is when the woman’s
ovary stop to produce ovum
 b. 45 to 50 years .
43. For sexual intercourse, for urinating,
production of sperms
44. a. To control the flow of urine and sperm
b. To carry sperm from epididymis
to the sperm urethra
45. Zygote –embryo-foetus- baby
46 a. O-Seminal vesicle, P-Sperm duct
Q-Testis R-Epididymis,
S-Urethra T-Prostate gland.
b. To produce sperm
c. Part R (epididymis)
47.a - iii, b - iv, c - i, d - ii.
48.a . Family planning are way avoiding
unwanted pregnancy.
b. Abstaining from sex, using condom,
using contraceptive pills, prolonged
breast, Using IUD (Intra uterine device
c. Shame to the mother, make the
mother weak, little love for the child.
49.a. Abstaining from sex.
b. This is because when most women are
breast feeding, they do not start
ovulation and so no pregancy
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50. a. STIs- sexually transmitted Infections
b. AIDS. Acquired Immune Deficiency
Syndrome.
c. HIV –Human Immunodeficiency Virus
d. PID – Pelvic inflammatory Disease
e. IUD- Intra uterine device
f. STDs- Sexually transmitted Diseases
51 a. AIDS/HIV, Gonorhoea, syphilis,
Candidiasis, Tricomoniasis,Chancroid,
Genital warts, Genital herpes
b. Because it is spread through sexual
intercourse.
52. Both are spread through unprotected
sexual intercourse with an infected
person.
53.a. HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
b. [Link] sexual intercourse.
ii. Transfusion of infected blood.
[Link] infected mother to the baby.
iv Sharing sharp cutting and piercing
object with infected people.
54. Abstain from sex, being faithful,
correct use of condom, keep personal
hygiene, avoid sharing underwear.
55. a. To prevent the mother from infecting
the new born baby.
b. To abstain from sex.
9.6 Circulatory system
1. b. 2 .d.
3. To circulate/supply carry blood to all parts
of the body
4.a. Blood, blood vessel , Heart
b i. White blood cells ii. Red blood cells
5.i. To pump the blood to all body parts.
ii. To give oxygen to blood and remove
carbon dioxide
iii. To filter urine from blood.
6. i. Right atrium ii Right ventricle i
[Link] atrium, [Link] ventricle
7. a. body to heart b. heart to lungs
c. heart to body d. lungs to heart
8.a. Circulatory system
b. A. Vena cava, C. Aorta ,
D. Pulmonary vein, E. Left ventricle
c. Both carries blood back to the heart
d. To prevent the back flow of blood
e. Letter M should be on pulmonary
artery
f. Oxygenated blood.
g. De-oxygenated blood.
9. Capillaries
10. Veins
11.a. Iron
b. Anaemia
12. Aorta.
13. Platelets.
14. a - ii, b - iv, c - i, d - iii
15. Lungs.
16. Artery/arteries.
17. Hepatic portal vein.
18. Carries deoxygenated blood from
intestine to the liver.
19 To get oxygen and release carbondioxide
20. Plasma
21. Excess water, urea, carbon dioxide,
uric acid, dead cells, sweat.
22. Pulmonary vein curries oxygenated
blood from the lungs to the heart but
pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated
blood from the heart to the lungs
23 Stethoscope.
24. Smoking, Alcoholism, eating fatty food.
25. AIDS/HIV
26. Prevents back flow of blood
27. a. A -Vena cava, B Aorta
C -Pulmonary artery,D .pulmonary vein
b. W-Heart.
c. Oxygenated blood.
28. Hemoglobin.
29.a. Plasma is the liquid parts of blood.
b. Waste material, carbon dioxide,
hormones, In active cells.
30. To protect the heart and lungs.
31. Renal artery.
32. Liver.
33. Pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein.
34. To prevent the back flow of blood
35.i. Pulmonary circulation

ii. Systemic circulation

36. Blood carried to the kidneys is not
purified but blood removed from the
kidney is purified or clean
37. Veins
38. To prevent the back flow of blood
39.i. Blood carries oxygen to all body parts
ii. Blood seals wounds
iii. To keep the body warm
iv. Blood carries digested food in the body
v .Blood protect the body frominfection
[Link] carries carbon dioxide from all
body parts to be excreted through
the lungs
40. Because it pumps oxygenated blood
which has high pressure
[Link] get oxygen and release carbondioxide
42. a. To prevent deoxygenated blood from
mixing with oxygenated blood
b. Septum
c. It has think wall
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[Link] get oxygen and release carbondioxide
44. Lungs
45. a. Deoxygenated blood.
b. Oxygenated blood.
46. Prevent back flow of blood
47. Because the lungs and respiratory.
system needs more oxygen.
48. i. To pump blood to all part of the body.
ii. To carry blood back to the heart.
iii. To carry blood a way from the heart.
iv. To connect veins and arteries.
49.i. Veins carry blood to the heart but
arteries carry blood away from the heart.
ii. Veins have values but arteries have no
valves
iii. Veins have wide lumen while arteries
have narrow lumen
iv. Veins have thin wall while arteries
have thick wall
50. Because they carry blood with high
pressure
51.a. i. White blood cell ii. Platelets,
[Link] iv. Red blood cells
b. Platelet
c. Plasma
52. a. A person who gives/donate blood.
b. A person who is given/receive blood.
53. To help to donate to those who lack
blood cause by accident ,Child delivery
or malaria infected people.
54. Blood group O.
55. To be given quickand right blood group
in case of any sickness or accident.
56.i. Deoxygenated blood. [Link] vein.
iii. Oxygenated blood. iv. Heart.
57. Is a safe procedure in which blood is
given to same one else.
58. Blood group A,B, AB and O.
59. To prevent the spread of same diseases
like AIDS.
60.i. Doing physical exercise.
 ii. Not eating too much fatty food.
iii. Eating a balance diet.
iv. Having enough rest.
v. Avoid smoking and alcoholism.
61. Help to save people lives by quick
transportation of blood.
62. Muhanga district (south province).
63.a. No
b. Pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated
blood
64. a. Bleeding is the flow of blood out of
blood vessels
b. Internal bleeding, External bleeding.
c. Cuts ,Child delivery, animal bite,
Compound fracture.
65. Cardiac arrest , heart failure
66.a - iii, b - iv, c - i, d - ii.
67. Excretion is removal of waste from the
body.
68. Lung , skin, kidney, liver.
69. Kidney.
70.i. Carbondioxide, Water vapour.
71. Bile.
72. Excess water.
73. To remove urine from blood.
74. i. Help to remove waste products from
the body.
Regulate the amount of water in the
body.
75. Urea, Uric acid.
76. Kidney.
[Link] to cool down the body temperature.
78. a - ii. b - i. c - iv d - iii.
79.a. W. Kidney. X. Ureter.
Y. Urethra. Z. Urinary bladder.
b. To carry urine from kidney to the
urinary bladder
80. i. Doing physical exercise
ii. Eating a balanced diet
81.a. 4, b. 5, c. 1, d. 2, e. 3.
82. b.
83. c.
9.7 Respiratory system
1. a. The process by which food burn with
oxygen in body cells to release energy.
b. Lungs.
2. To allow the exchange of gases.
3. To stop dust and some microbes from
entering our lungs.
4. a. The process of taking air into and
expelling it from the lungs.
b. i. In breathing (inhalation).

ii. Out breathing (exhalation).

c. Oxygen and Carbon dioxide.
5. It provide living organism with energy to
perform all other necessary functions to
maintain life.
6. Inspired air has more oxygen and less
carbon dioxide and expired air has more
carbon dioxide and less oxygen.
7. The hair in the nose help to stop dust or
microbes.
8. Doing physical exercise, eating
a balanced diet, avoid smoking tobacco,
drink fluids rich in vitamins ,wear warm
clothes during cold weather,
always breathe through the nose.
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9. a. Respiratory system/ Excretion system.
b. A: Trachea/wind pipe. B: Bronchus.
C: Air sacs/Alveoli. D: Diaphragm.
E: Bronchioles.
10.a. Exchange of gases
b. Pneumonia, influenza
11. Ribs
12. Use clean handkerchief to clean your
nose, avoid smoking , Avoid living in
dusty areas.
13. a. To feel warm, because of peer group.
b. Active smoking, Passive smoking
c. Active smoking is when a person
smoke tobacco / Cigarette but passive
smoking is inhalation of smoke.
14. Tuberculosis, Bronchitis, Lung cancer
Whooping cough, Asthma.
15. Nicotine, tar.
16.a. Lungs, mouth, heart, blood vessel, eyes
b. Respiratory system.
17.a. Suffocation, death, fainting.
b. It contains blood vessels which help in
exchange of gases.
18. In the alveoli or air sacs.
19. Cell.
20. Respiration.
21. As it contracts the volume of the
thoracic cavity increases and air is
drown into the lungs.
22. Inhalation is the action of breathing in
and exhalation is the action of breathing
out.
23. Respiration help to supply an organism
with necessary energy of perform all
other body function.
24. i. Diphtheria, chicken pox, Influenza,
measles, tuberculosis, cough.
ii. Asthma.
25. a. Suffocation is condition caused by
shortage of oxygen into the lungs.
b. Near drowning, smoky kitchen,
 chocking.
c. i. Put a person in an open place where
there is enough supply of oxygen,
ii. Give a person mouth to mouth of life.
26. a. Smoking
b. Causes diseases, pollute air
c. Tuberculosis, lung cancer.
27. a. Lung cancer, Influenza, Pneumonia,
Bronchitis, Tuberculosis, Diphtheria
Asthma
b. a - iv, b - v, c - I, d - iii, e - ii.
28. Lack of enough oxygen supply in the
lungs.
29. a. Communicable disease are diseases
which can easily spread from one
person to an other.
b. Cholera, typhoid, diarrhoea, AIDS,
ebola, dysentery, scabies, syphilis,
gonorrhea, tuberculosis.
c. Because it can easily spread from one
person to an other.
30.a. Are diseases which cannot spread
from one person to another.
b. Diabetes, asthma, cancer, stroke,
Heart attacks.
31. i. Supply energy to the body.
ii. Removes waste from the body.
32. a. Is when a person is drowned in a
water sources like lakes and rivers.
b. To save the person life.
c. In lakes, rivers, ponds, ocean, seas.
33. Eating a balanced diet, doing physical
exercise, keeping good body hygiene.
34. a. 2, b. 3, c. 1, d. 5, e. 4.
Topic area 10: Forms of energy
10.1 Light energy.
1. c. 2. b. 3. c. 4. d 5.a 6. d 7. c. 8. b.
9. A ray.
10. Beam.
11. It is because there is no light.
12. a. True. b. true. c. false. d. true.
e. false. f. true. g. true. h. false.
13. a. Sun, stars, lightening, glow worms,
 volcanic eruption.
b. Moon reflects/get its light from the sun.
14. Light travel in a straight line.
Light travels in all direction.
15. During thunderstorm, lightening is seen
before sound is heard
At international race light of a starter gun
is seen before sound.
16. Help in rain formation, help us to see,
for drying clothes, for drying harvested
crops, help plants to carry out
photosynthesis, sunlight give us vitamin D
17. The eye.
18. To cover our private parts . Opaque
clothe do not allow light to pass through
and people cannot see our nakedness.
19.a. Hurricane lamp.
b. To allow air/oxygen which support
burning into the glass.
c. To allow all light to pass through it.
d. Paraffin/kerosene.