Tutorial 3
1. A sample of drinking water was found to be contaminated with chloroform (CHCl3). The
level of contamination is 15 ppm by mass. Find the moles of the chloroform present per kg
of the water.
2. A mixture is 10.0 mole% ethyl alcohol, 75.0 mole% ethyl acetate (C4H8O2), and 15.0
mole% acetic acid. Calculate the mass fractions of each compound. What is the average
molecular weight of the mixture? What would be the mass (kg) of a sample containing 25.0
kmol of ethyl acetate?
3. A gaseous mixture of CO, CO2, CH4, and N2 is analyzed with a gas chromatograph. The
output appears on a strip chart recorder, as shown here. For each of the three species, the
area under the peak is approximately proportional to the number of moles of the indicated
substance in the sample. From other information, it is known that the molar ratio of
methane (CH4) to nitrogen is 0.200. What are the mole fractions of the four species in the
gas? What is the average molecular weight of the gas mixture in the above question?
4. A reverse osmosis unit treats feed water (F) containing fluoride and its output consists of a
permeate stream (P) and a reject stream (R). Let CF, Cp, and CR denote the fluoride
concentration in the feed, permeate, and reject streams, respectively. Under steady-state
conditions, the volumetric flow rate of the reject is 60% of the volumetric flow rate of the
inlet stream, and CF = 2 mg/L and Cp = 0.1 mg/L. The value of CR in mg/L, up to one
digit after the decimal point, is
5. A liquid-phase chemical reaction A⟶B takes place in a well-stirred tank. The
concentration of A in the feed is CA0 (mol/m3 ), and that in the tank and outlet stream is CA
(mol/m3). Neither concentration varies with time. The volume of the tank contents is V
(m3) and the volumetric flow rate of the inlet and outlet streams is v̇ (m3 /s). The reaction
rate (the rate at which A is consumed by reaction in the tank) is given by the expression r
(mol A consumed/s) = kVCA where k is a constant. a) Is this process continuous, batch, or
semi-batch? Is it a transient or steady state? b) What would you expect the reactant
concentration to equal if k = 0 (no reaction)? d) Write a differential balance on A, stating
which terms you discarded in the general balance equation (accumulation = input +
generation - output - consumption) and why you discarded them. Use the balance to derive
the relation between the inlet (CA0) and outlet (CA) reactant concentrations.
6. Strawberries contain about 15 wt% solids and 85 wt% water. To make strawberry jam,
crushed strawberries and sugar are mixed in a 45:55 mass ratio, and the mixture is heated
to evaporate water until the residue contains one-third water by mass. Draw and label a
flowchart of this process.
7. Three hundred gallons of a mixture containing 75.0 wt% ethanol (ethyl alcohol) and 25%
water (mixture specific gravity = 0.877) and a quantity of a 40.0 wt% ethanol–60% water
mixture (SG = 0.952) are blended to produce a mixture containing 60.0 wt% ethanol. The
object of this problem is to determine V40, the required volume of the 40% mixture. Draw
and label a flowchart and calculate V40.
8. 1000 kg/hr of a mixture containing equal parts by mass of methanol and water is distilled.
Product streams leave the top and the bottom of the distillation column. The flow rate of
the bottom stream is measured and found to be 673 kg/hr, and the overhead stream is
analyzed and found to contain 96.0 wt% methanol. Draw and label a flowchart of the
process and do the Degree of freedom analysis.
9. A liquid mixture of benzene and toluene contains 55.0% benzene by mass. The mixture is
to be partially evaporated to yield a vapor containing 85.0% benzene and a residual liquid
containing 10.6% benzene by mass. Suppose the process is to be carried out continuously
and at a steady state, with a feed rate of 100.0 kg/h of the 55% mixture. Let ṁv (kg/h) and
ṁl (kg/h) be the mass flow rates of the vapor and liquid product streams, respectively. Draw
and label a process flowchart.
10. For the above case write and solve balances on total mass and on benzene to determine the
expected values of ṁv and ṁ1.