MATHEMATICS

ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION
** A series in which the difference obtained by subtracting any term
from its immediately preceding term is constant throughout, is called
an Arithmetic progression
** To find “n” term of an A.P: Tn = a + [n – 1]d.
Where a = first term ; d = common difference.

[1] Which term of the series is : 1,4,7,….. is 52?

Solution: Tn = a + [n – 1]d
΅52 =1 + [n – 1]3
΅52 = 1 + 3n – 3 ΅3n =54 ΅ n = 18.
΅52 is the 18th term of the series.

[2] Which term of the series is : -9/4, -2, -7/4,… is zero?

Solution: “S.R”
Hint: Refer sum No:1
Ans: n =10.

[3] Which term of the series is: 7+11+15+…. Is 403?

Solution: “S.R”
Hint: Refer sum No:1.
Ans: n =100
[4] Find an A.P whose 4th term is 9 and the 9th term is [Link] also its
20th term?

Solution: Tn = a + [n – 1]d
΅T4 = a + 3d and T9 = a + 8d
΅ 9 = a + 3d…..[i] 19 =a + 8d…[ii]
On subtracting equation [i] from [ii]
a + 3d = 9
a + 8d =19
-5d =-10 ΅d = 2.
On substituting the value of d in [i]
9 = a + 6 ΅ a =3.
΅T20 = a + 19d
=3 +19[2] = 41.

[5] Third term of an A.P is 8 and the 17th term is 51/[Link] the 23rd term
Solution: “S.R”
Hint: Refer sum No:4.
Ans: 33

[6] Mr. Narang was drawing a salary of ₹ 400 per month during 11th
year of service and ₹760 during the 29th year. it is known that his
salary per month of different years of service are in A.P. Find his
starting salary and rate of increment. What should be his salary at
the time of retirement just on completion of 36 years of service?
Solution: Let ₹ a per month be the starting salary of Mr. Narang and
d be the annual increment.
΅ By the given condition.
T11 = a + 10d and T29 = a + 28d
΅400=a + 10d….[i] ΅760 =a +28d…[ii]
 On subtracting equation [ii] from [i]
a + 10d =400
a + 28d =760
-18d = -360 ΅d = 20.
On substituting the value of d in [i]
a + 10[20] = 400 ΅a =200.
Hence the starting salary will be ₹200 per month and the annual
increment will be ₹20.
Now: T36 = a + 35d ΅T36 = 200 + 35[20] =₹900.
Hence his salary at the time of retirement ie during 36th year of
service will be ₹900.

[7] A man buys every month certificates of value exceeding the last
years by ₹[Link] the 25th year the total value of the certificates
purchased by him is ₹7250. Find the value of the certificates
purchased by him in the 13th year?
Solution: “S.R”
Hint: Refer sum No:6
Ans: a =₹6650, d =₹25, ₹6950

[8] If 7 times the 7th term of an A.P is equal to 11 times its 11th term,
show that the 18th term of A.P is zero.
Solution: 7T7 = 11T11
΅7[a + 6d] =11[a + 10d] ΅7a +42d = 11a + 110d
΅ - 4a = 68d ΅a = -17d …[i]
Now: T18 = a +17d ΅-17d +17d = 0
** “S”, the sum of n terms is given by…
Sn = n/2 [2a + (n -1 )d]
Where..Sn = sum of n terms; a = first term; d = common difference.

[9] The sum of n terms of the series 25,22,19, 16 is 116. Find the
number of terms and the last term ; if the given series is in A.P?
Solution: a =25; d = -3; Sn =116; n =?
Sn =n/2 [2a + (n - 1 ) d] ΅116 = n/2 [50 + (n – 1 )d]
΅232 =n[50 – 3n + 3] ΅232 = 53n – 3n2
΅3n2 – 53n + 232 = 0 ΅[n- 8] [3n – 29] =0
΅n = 8 or n = 29/3

[10] A man repays a loan of ₹3250 by paying ₹20 in the first month and
then increases the payment by ₹15 every month. How long will it
take to clear his loan?
Solution: “S.R”
Hint: Refer sum No:9. Sn =3250; a =20; d =15; n =?
Ans: n =20.

[11] On 1st January every year a person buys N.S.C [National savings
certificate] of value exceeding that of his last years purchase by
₹100. After 10 years he finds that the total value of the certificates
held by him is ₹[Link] the value of the certificates purchased
by him [i] in the first year and [ii] in the 8th year?
Solution: “S.R”
Hint: Refer sum No:9
Ans: [i] a =₹5000 ; [ii] ₹5700
[12] A contractor who fails to complete a building in a certain specified
time is compelled to forfeit ₹200 for the first day of extra time
required and forfeit thereafter is increased by ₹25 every day. If he
loses ₹9450 for how many days did he overrun the contract time
Solution: “S.R”
Hint: Refer sum No:9
Ans: 21 days.

[13] Find the sum of all natural numbers between 100 and 1000 which
are multiples of 5?
Solution: The given numbers will be 105 + 110 + 115 +….+ 995
΅ a = 105; d =5; Tn =995
Tn =a + [n – 1]d ΅995 = 105 + [n -1 ]5 ΅n = 179
Now: Sn =n/2[2a + (n – 1 )d] ΅Sn= 179/2 [2(105) + 178 x5]
΅Sn = 98450.

[14] Find the sum of all numbers between 500 and 1000 which are
divisible by 13?
Solution: “S.R”
Hint: Refer sum No:13.
Ans: 28405

** If three terms are given to be in A.P; it is convenient to take them as

a – d; a ; a + d.
**If four terms are given to be in A.P; it is convenient to take them as
a – 3d; a – d ; a + d; a +3d.
**If five terms are given to be in A.P; it is convenient to take them as
a – 2d; a – d; a; a + d; a + 2d.
[15] Find three numbers in A.P whose sum is 15 and whose product is
105?
Solution: Let the three numbers be a – d; a ; a + d.
΅By the given condition
a – d + a + a +d = 15. ΅3a = 15. ΅a =5.
And: [a – d]X a X [a + d] = 105.
΅a[a2 – d2] = 105 ΅5[25 – d2] = 105 ΅5d2=20 ΅d=+ 2
Hence the numbers will be 3;5;7 or 7;5;3.

[16] Find three numbers in A.P whose sum is 15 and the sum of the
squares of the two extremes is 58.
Solution: “S.R”
Hint: Refer sum No:15
Ans: 3;5;7 or 7;5;3

[17] The sum of three numbers in A.P is 12 and the sum of their cubes
is 408. Find the numbers.
Solution: “S.R”
Hint: Refer sum No:15
Ans: 1;4;7 or 7;4;1.

[18] Divide 20 into 4 parts which are in arithmetic progression and such
that the product of the first and fourth is to the product of second
and third in the ratio 2:3
Solution: Let the four parts in A.P be: a – 3d; a – d; a + d; a +3d
΅By the given condition.
a – 3d + a –d + a +d + a +3d =20 ΅4a =20 ΅a =5.
 And: [a – 3d] [a +3d] = 2 ΅a2 – 9 d2 = 2 ΅ 25 – 9d2 =2
[a – d] [a + d] 3 a2 –d2 3 25 – d2 3
΅75 – 27d2 = 50 -2d2 ΅25d2 = 25 ΅d = + 1
Hence the numbers are 2;4;6;8 or 8;6;4;2.

[19] Find four numbers in A.P whose sum is 6 and product of whose
extremes is 10 times the product of means
Solution: ”S.R”
Hint: Refer sum No:18
Ans: -12; -3; 6; 15 or 15; 6; -3; -12

[20] The sum of four numbers in A.P is 32 and the sum of their squares
is 276. Find the numbers.
Solution: “S.R”
Hint: Refer sum No:18
Ans: 5;7;9;11 or 11;9;7;5