Geomorphic process + volcano
★ Geomorphology it was description and classification of earth topography {papa:- william Morris}
—-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Endogenous forces:-
★ Endogenic process is internal geomorphic process + get their force in earth {convection current}
★ All relief features are due to endo or exo forces | himalyas- continuously increase for endogenic
force and aravli- they are continuously decrease because of more exogenic force
★ Hydrology- the study of distribution and movt. Of water both below the earth surface also human
★ Important points :- about convection current
1. Convection current in asthenosphere in upper mantle provide energy to endogenic forces
2. develops due to primordial or residual heat and radioactive decay + theory “Arthur holmes 1930”
★ Effect of endogenic force:-
● Diastrophism:- it was a process of deformation and movt. Of earth crust {responsible for shaping}
1. Orogeic force:- oro {mountain} + geic{formation}- mountain building force , horizontal, small, faster
2. Epeirogenic process:- epiro {crust} + geic {formation}- it involves upliftment of large part of earth
3. Earthquake:- shaking of earth 4. Plate tectionc {major landform are created , subterranean movt}
● Volcano:-they are commonly described as openings/vents where lava erupts
—-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exogenous force:-
● It was process that was occur on earth surface + {denudation- long term process cause wearing
away the earth surface, leading to reduction in elevation and relief of landforms and landscapes}
● Source for exogenic forces:- sun + some more agents {wind, glaciers, water}
Process Force
1. Weathering {breaking of rocks} gravitational / molecular stress/ chemical actions
2. Mass movement { weathering not but aids } Gravitational force
3. Erosin / transportation {situ pr., wind,water} Kinetic energy
● Weathering:- physical, chemical, biological
1. Physical weathering process:- it was direct contact with atmorpheric conditions {heat,water,ice}
Types:- unloading and expansion, temperature change , freezing, thawing, frost, salt weathering
# exfoliation:- process - large curved plate,slabs of rock striped away from outer surface of rock mass
# tor:- rounded hill, seen in granite rock # salt cryst:- most effective weathering, high rate of evop.
{largest exfoliation dome of granite rock:- bhongir town in andhra pradesh
2. Chemical weathering:-due to oxidation/reduction, carbonation, solution, hydration, spheridial- types
{chemical like nitrates, sulphate , potassium, carbonates are rone to leaching, hence easily washed away
3. Biological weathering- due to living organism, earthworms, rodents
● Mass movt:- rapid {mudflow}, slow {creep, solifluction- in permafrost region}
● Slump:- a specific type of movt., where a coherent mass of soil/rock slide makespoon shaped curved
● Erosion:- it involves transportation of rock debris through geomorphic agents {water,
glacier,wind,waves}- it was an ex-situ process