UNIT 1: Python Basics and Programming Concepts
1. Introduction to Python
Python is a high-level, interpreted, object-oriented programming language. It is simple,
platform-independent, and widely used in data science, machine learning, web development,
automation, and scientific computing.
Features of Python
• Easy to learn and use
• Interpreted language
• Platform independent
• Rich standard library
• Supports multiple programming paradigms
2. Data Types and Operations
Numeric Types: int, float, complex
String: Immutable sequence of characters
List: Ordered and mutable collection
Tuple: Ordered and immutable collection
Dictionary: Key-value pair data structure
Arithmetic Operations
+, -, *, /, //, %, **
3. Dynamic Typing
Python determines variable types at runtime. Variables can change type during execution.
4. Statements and Syntax
Assignments, expressions, and statements form the basic building blocks of Python programs.
Loops
for loop and while loop are used for iteration. Control statements include break, continue, and pass.
Comprehensions
Concise way to create lists, dictionaries, and sets with improved readability and performance.
5. Functions
Functions are reusable blocks of code that improve modularity and reduce redundancy.
Function Arguments
Positional, keyword, default, and variable-length arguments (*args, **kwargs).
Advanced Functions
Lambda functions, recursion, map, filter, reduce, and decorators.
6. Modules and Packages
Modules are Python files containing code. Packages are collections of modules used for better
organization.
7. Classes and OOP
Classes are blueprints for objects. OOP concepts include encapsulation, inheritance,
polymorphism, and abstraction.
Operator Overloading
Custom behavior of operators using special methods like __add__, __sub__, __mul__.
8. Exceptions
Runtime errors handled using try, except, else, and finally blocks.
Parallel System Tools
threading, multiprocessing, and [Link] are used to improve performance.