Types of solution and Expressing the concentration of soliution.

(Theoretical Questions)
Topics
(i) Types of solution.
(ii) Methods for expressing the concentration of solutions : units
of concentration.
(iii) Mass percentage or volume percentage, Parts per million,
Molarity of a solution, Molality of a solution, Mole fraction,
Questions carrying 1 marks each.
[Link] a solution.
[Link] component determines the physical state of a solution?
[Link] one example of a gaseous solution.
[Link] one example of a liquid solution.
[Link] one example of a solid solution.
[Link] is mass percentage (w/w)?
[Link] is meant by ppm?
[Link] mole fraction. What is the unit of mole fraction?
[Link] molarity (M).
[Link] molality (m).
[Link] concentration unit is independent of temperature?
[Link] concentration unit depends on volume of solution?

Questions carrying 2 marks each.

[Link] parts per million (ppm) and state its use.
[Link] molarity. Why does it depend on temperature?
[Link] molality. Why is it preferred over molarity?
[Link] the advantage of using ppm in expressing concentration.
5. Calculate the mass percentage of a solution containing 25 g of solute in
175 g of solvent.
[Link] the volume percentage of ethanol in water if 20 mL ethanol is
present in 200 mL solution.
7. Calculate the ppm of a solution containing 0.002 g solute in 1 kg
solution.
[Link] the mole fraction of ethanol in a solution containing 46 g
ethanol and 54 g water.
[Link] the molarity of a solution containing 10 g NaOH in 500 mL
solution.
[Link] the molality of a solution containing 5 g urea in 95 g water.
[Link] the molarity of a solution prepared by dissolving 4 g NaOH in
250 mL solution.
[Link] molality of a solution containing 3 g solute dissolved in 150 g
solvent (molar mass = 60 g/mol).
[Link] why mass-based concentration units are temperature
independent.
14. Calculate the mole fraction of ethylene glycol (C2H6O2 ) in a solution
containing 20% of C2H6O2 by mass. (NCERT)
15. Calculate the molarity of a solution containing 5 g of NaOH in 450 mL
solution. (NCERT)
16. Calculate molality of 2.5 g of ethanoic acid (CH3COOH) in 75 g of
benzene. (NCERT)
17. Calculate the mass percentage of benzene (C6H6) and carbon
tetrachloride (CCl4) if 22 g of benzene is dissolved in 122 g of carbon
tetrachloride. (NCERT)
[Link] the mole fraction of benzene in solution containing 30% by
mass in carbon tetrachloride. (NCERT)
19. Calculate the molarity of each of the following solutions: (a) 30 g of
Co(NO3)2. 6H2O in 4.3 L of solution (b) 30 mL of 0.5 M H2SO4 diluted to
500 mL. (NCERT)
20. Calculate the mass of urea (NH2CONH2) required in making 2.5 kg of
0.25 molal aqueous solution. 1.5 Calculate (a) molality (b) molarity and (c)
mole fraction of KI if the density of 20% (mass/mass) aqueous KI is 1.202
g mL-1. (NCERT)
21. Calculate the mass percentage of aspirin (C9H8O4 ) in acetonitrile
(CH3CN) when 6.5 g of C9H8O4 is dissolved in 450 g of CH3CN.
(NCERT)
22. Calculate the amount of benzoic acid (C6H5COOH) required for
preparing 250 mL of 0.15 M solution in methanol. (NCERT)
23. If 11 g of oxalic acid are dissolved in 500 mL of solution (density = 1.1
g mL), what is the mass % of oxalic acid in solution ?
24. 2.46 g of sodium hydroxide (molar mass = 40) are dissolved in water
and the solution is made to 100 cm? in a volumetric flask. Calculate the
molarity of the solution.
25. Calculate the molality of a solution containing 20.7 g of potassium
carbonate dissolved in 500 mL of solution (assume density of solution = 1 g
mL-4)
26. 2.5 g of ethanoic acid (CH,COOH) ts dissolved in 75 g of benzene.
Calculate the molality of the solution.
27. 2.82 g of glucose (molar mass = 180) are dissolved in 80 g of water.
Calculate (a) the molality (b) mole fraction of glucose and water.
28. A solution is 25% water, 25% ethanol and 50% acetic acid by mass.
Calculate the mole fraction of each component.
29. A solution of glucose (molar mass = 180 g mol-1) in water is labelled as
10% by mass. What would be the molality and molarity of the solution ?
(Density of solution = 1.2 g mL-1)
30. A sugar syrup of weight 214.2 g contains 34.2 g of sugar (C 12H22O11.
Calculate : (t) molal concentration, and (it) mole fraction of sugar in the
syrup.
31. Calculate the percentage composition in terms of mass of a solution
obtained by mixing 300 g of a 25% and 400 g of a 40% solution by mass.
32. 18 g of glucose (molar mass 180 g mol-1) is present in 500 cm? of its
aqueous solution. What is the molarity of the solution? What additional
data is required if the molality of the solution is also required to be
calculated ?
33. A solution of glucose (C6H12O6) in water is labelled as 10% by weight.
What would be the molality of the solution?
Questions carrying 3 marks each.
1. A solution of glucose in water is labelled as 10% w/w, what would be
the molality and mole fraction of each component in the solution? If
the density of solution is 1.2 g mL–1, then what shall be the molarity
of the solution? (NCERT)
2. A solution is obtained by mixing 300 g of 25% solution and 400 g of
40% solution by mass. Calculate the mass percentage of the resulting
solution. (NCERT)
3. An antifreeze solution is prepared from 222.6 g of ethylene glycol
(C2H6O2 ) and 200 g of water. Calculate the molality of the solution.
If the density of the solution is 1.072 g mL–1, then what shall be the
molarity of the solution? (NCERT)
4. A sample of drinking water was found to be severely contaminated
with chloroform (CHCl3 ) supposed to be a carcinogen. The level of
contamination was 15 ppm (by mass): (i) express this in percent by
mass (ii) determine the molality of chloroform in the water sample.
(NCERT)
MCQs

1.A solution is a:
A. heterogeneous mixture B. homogeneous mixture
C. compound D. element

2. The component present in largest amount is called:

A. solute B. solvent C. mixture D. phase

3. Solutions are:
A. always solids B. always liquids
C. homogeneous mixtures D. heterogeneous

4. Number of components in a binary solution is:

A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. many

5. Solute is the component present in:

A. larger amount B. smaller amount
C. equal amount D. none

6. Which determines physical state of solution?

A. Solute B. Solvent C. Temperature D. Pressure

7. A solution of gas in gas is:

A. heterogeneous B. homogeneous C. solid D.
liquid

8. Air is an example of:

A. liquid solution B. solid solution C. gaseous solution
D. colloid

9. Brass is a mixture of:

A. Cu + Zn B. Cu + Ni C. Cu + Sn D. Zn + Sn

10. Oxygen dissolved in water is:

A. gas in gas B. gas in liquid C. liquid in gas D. solid in liquid
11. Ethanol in water is:
A. gas in liquid B. liquid in liquid C. solid in liquid D. gas
in gas

12. Glucose in water is:

A. solid in liquid B. gas in liquid C. liquid in gas D. gas in gas

13. Camphor in nitrogen gas is:

A. liquid in gas B. solid in gas C. gas in gas D. solid in liquid

14. Hydrogen in palladium is:

A. gas in solid B. solid in gas C. liquid in solidD. gas in liquid

15. Amalgam is:

A. gas in liquid B. liquid in solid C. solid in gas D. gas in solid

16. Copper in gold is:

A. solid in solid B. liquid in solidC. gas in solid D. solid in liquid

17. Which is NOT a liquid solution?

A. Gas in liquid B. Solid in liquid C. Liquid in liquid D. Gas
in solid

18. Number of types of solutions based on physical state:

A. 3 B. 6 C. 9 D. 12

[Link] gaseous solution, solvent is:

A. solid B. liquid C. gas D. none

20. Concentration of solution refers to:

A. amount of solvent B. amount of solute in given solvent/solution
C. total mass D. density

21. 1 ppm means:

A. 1 g/L B. 1 mg/kg C. 1 mol/L D. 1%
22. Fluoride ions in water are measured in:
A. molarity B. molality C. ppm D. normality

23. High concentration of fluoride causes:

A. tooth decay B. mottle of teeth C. stronger teeth D. no effect

24. Low concentration of fluoride:

A. harmful B. prevents tooth decay C. toxic D. useless

25. Composition of a solution depends on:

A. temperature only B. pressure only C. concentration of components
D. color

[Link] is an example of solid solution?

A. Air B. Brass C. Sugar solution D. Oxygen in
water

[Link] mixture means:

A. non-uniform composition B. uniform composition throughout
C. solid only D. liquid only

[Link] solution consists of:

A. one component B. two components
C. three components D. many components

[Link] is defined as:

A. moles of solute per kg solvent B. moles of solute per litre solution
C. grams per litre solvent D. mole fraction

[Link] depends on:

A. volume B. temperature C. mass of solvent D. pressure

[Link] unit is temperature independent?

A. Molarity B. Molality C. Normality D. ppm
[Link] fraction is:
A. ratio of masses B. ratio of moles of a component to total
moles
C. moles per litre D. grams per mole

[Link] stands for:

A. parts per mole B. parts per million C. per mole mass
D. percent per mol

33.1 molal solution means:

A. 1 mole solute in 1 L solution B. 1 mole solute in 1 kg
solvent
C. 1 mole solute in 1000 g solution D. 1 mole solute in 100 g
solvent

[Link] temperature increases, molarity:

A. increases B. decreases C. remains same D. zero

[Link] of pure water is:

A. 1 B. 55.5 C. 100 D. 18

[Link] depends on:

A. equivalent weight B. molecular weight only C. pressure
D. volume only

37. Mole fraction of solvent in dilute solution is close to:

A. 0 B. 1 C. 0.5 D.
2

38. Molarity of 1 mole solute in 500 mL solution:

A. 1 M B. 2 M C. 0.5 M D. 0.2
M

39. Molality of 2 moles solute in 2 kg solvent:

A. 1 m B. 2 m C. 0.5 m D. 1 m

40. Mole fraction of A if 2 mol A + 3 mol B:

A. 2/3 B. 3/5 C. 2/5
D. 5/2

41. ppm of 1 mg solute in 1 kg solution:

A. 1 ppm B. 10 ppm C. 0.1 ppm D. 100 ppm

42. Mass % =
A. (mass solute / mass solution) ×100 B. (mass solvent / mass solute)
×100
C. mole ratio D. volume ratio

43. Which concentration unit is best for colligative properties?

A. Molarity B. Molality C. Normality D. ppm

44. Dilution affects:

A. molality B. mole fraction C. molarity D. mass
%

45. Mole fraction is always:

A. >1 B. <1 C. ≤1 D. negative

46. Sum of mole fractions in a solution is:

A. 0 B. 1 C. 100 D. depends

47. ppm is generally used for:

A. concentrated solutions B. very dilute solutions C. solids only
D. gases only.

48. Relation between molarity (M) and molality (m) depends on:
A. density B. pressure C. temperature only D. volume

49.. 1 L of 1 M solution contains:

A. 1 mole solute B. 2 mole solute C. 0.5 mole D.
100 mole

[Link] density increases, molarity:

A. increases B. decreases C. same D. zero
[Link] fraction is dimensionless because:
A. units cancel out B. it has units C. depends on temperature
D. depends on pressure

52. A 0.1 M solution means:

A. 0.1 mol/L B. 1 mol/L C. 10 mol/L D. 0.01 mol/L

53. Which unit uses mass of solution?

A. Molality B. Molarity C. Mass % D. Mole
fraction

[Link] solvent mass doubles, molality:

A. doubles B. halves C. same D. zero

[Link] mole fraction of binary solution:

A. 2 B. 0.5 C. 1 D. depends

56. ppm can also be written as:

A. mg/kg B. g/kg C. mol/kg D. mol/L

[Link]: Molarity decreases with increase in temperature.

Reason: Volume of solution increases with temperature.
Choose the most appropriate answer-
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation
of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct
explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) Assertion and reason are false.

58. Assertion: Molarity decreases with increase in temperature.

Reason: Volume of solution increases with temperature.
Choose the most appropriate answer-
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation
of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct
explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) Assertion and reason are false.

59. Assertion: Molality does not change with temperature.

Reason: It depends on mass of solvent.
A. Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct
explanation
B. Both are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation
C. Assertion is true, Reason is false
D. Assertion is false, Reason is true

60. Assertion: Mole fraction is dimensionless.

Reason: It is a ratio of moles.
A. Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct
explanation
B. Both are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation
C. Assertion is true, Reason is false
D. Assertion is false, Reason is true

61. Assertion: Molarity is preferred over molality in colligative properties.

Reason: Molarity is independent of temperature.

A. Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct
explanation
B. Both are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation
C. Assertion is true, Reason is false
D. Assertion is false, Reason is true

62. Assertion: ppm is used for very dilute solutions.

Reason: It expresses concentration in very small quantities.

A. Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct
explanation
B. Both are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation
C. Assertion is true, Reason is false
D. Assertion is false, Reason is true

63. Assertion: Molality is always greater than molarity for dilute aqueous
solutions.
Reason: Density of water is approximately 1 g/mL.

A. Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct
explanation
B. Both are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation
C. Assertion is true, Reason is false
D. Assertion is false, Reason is true

64. Assertion: Sum of mole fractions in a solution is always 1.

Reason: Mole fraction is defined as ratio of moles of component to total
moles.

A. Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct
explanation
B. Both are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation
C. Assertion is true, Reason is false
D. Assertion is false, Reason is true
65. Assertion: Molarity depends on density of solution.
Reason: Volume is related to density.

A. Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct
explanation
B. Both are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation
C. Assertion is true, Reason is false
D. Assertion is false, Reason is true

66. Assertion: Normality is equal to molarity for all solutions.

Reason: n-factor is always equal to 1.

A. Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct
explanation
B. Both are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation
C. Assertion is true, Reason is false
D. Assertion is false, Reason is true

67. Assertion: Mass percentage is independent of temperature.

Reason: It depends on masses, not volume.
A. Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct
explanation
B. Both are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation
C. Assertion is true, Reason is false
D. Assertion is false, Reason is true

68. Assertion: Mole fraction of solvent in dilute solution is nearly 1.

Reason: Amount of solute is very small.

A. Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct
explanation
B. Both are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation
C. Assertion is true, Reason is false
D. Assertion is false, Reason is true

69. Assertion: Molality is expressed in mol/kg.

Reason: It is moles of solute per kg of solvent.

A. Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct
explanation
B. Both are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation
C. Assertion is true, Reason is false
D. Assertion is false, Reason is true

70. Assertion: Molarity can be used for precise scientific calculations at

different temperatures.
Reason: It depends on volume, which changes with temperature.
A. Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct
explanation
B. Both are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation
C. Assertion is true, Reason is false
D. Assertion is false, Reason is true
71. Assertion: ppm can be expressed as mg/kg.
Reason: ppm means parts per million.

A. Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct
explanation
B. Both are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation
C. Assertion is true, Reason is false
D. Assertion is false, Reason is true

72. Assertion: Dilution changes molality.

Reason: It changes mass of solvent.

A. Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct
explanation
B. Both are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation
C. Assertion is true, Reason is false
D. Assertion is false, Reason is true

73. Assertion: Mole fraction remains unchanged on dilution.

Reason: Ratio of moles remains same if only solvent is added.

A. Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct
explanation
B. Both are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation
C. Assertion is true, Reason is false
D. Assertion is false, Reason is true

74. Assertion: Normality depends on type of reaction.

Reason: Equivalent factor changes with reaction.

A. Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct
explanation
B. Both are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation
C. Assertion is true, Reason is false
D. Assertion is false, Reason is true
75. Assertion: Molality is preferred over molarity in thermodynamic
studies.
Reason: It is temperature independent.

A. Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct
explanation
B. Both are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation
C. Assertion is true, Reason is false
D. Assertion is false, Reason is true

76. 2.5 litre of 1 M NaOH solution are mixed with another 3 litre of 0.5 M
NaOH solution. Then the molarity of the resulting solution is
(a) 0.80 M (b) 0.1M (c) 0.73 M (d) 0.50

77. The number of moles of NaCl in 3 litres of 3 M solution is

(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 9 (d) 27

78. “The importance of many pure substance in life depends on their

composition.” Which of the following statement justify the above fact?
(a) 1 ppm of fluoride ions in water prevents tooth decay.
(b) 1.5 ppm of fluoride ions causes tooth decay.
(c) Concentration above 1.5 ppm can be poisonous.
(d) All of the above.

79. The molarity of the solution containing 7.1 g of Na2SO4 in 100 ml of

aqueous solution is
(a) 2 M (b) 0.5 M
(c) 1 M (d) 0.05 M

80. The term homogenous mixtures signifies that

(a) its composition is uniform throughout the mixture.
(b) its properties are uniform throughout the mixture.
(c) both composition and properties are uniform throughout the mixture.
(d) neither composition nor properties are uniform throughout the mixture.

81. Which of the following concentration terms is/are independent of

temperature?
 (a) Molality only
(b) Molality and mole fraction
(c) Molarity and mole fraction
(d) Molality and normality

82. .Molarity and molality of a solution of NaOH is calculated.

If now temperature of the solution is increased then which of the following
statement(s) is/are correct ?
(i) Molarity of solution decreases
(ii) (ii) Molality of the solution increases

(a) Both statements are correct

(b) Statement (i) is correct only
(c) Statement (ii) is correct only
(d) Both statements are incorrect.

83.
84.

85. Homogeneous mixture of two or more than two components is called:

(a) solute
(b) solvent
(c) both (a) and (b)
(d) solution

86. Which of the following is an example of gaseous solution?

(a) Camphor in nitrogen gas
(b) Solution of hydrogen in palladium
(c) Chloroform mixed with nitrogen gas
(d) Both (a) and (c)

87. In amalgam of mercury with sodium, solvent is:

(a) mercury
(b) sodium
(c) amalgam
(d) none of these

88. What is the mass percentage of carbon tetrachloride if 22 g of benzene

is dissolved in 122 g of carbon tetrachloride?
(a) 84.72%
(b) 15.28%
(c) 50%
(d) 44%

89. A solution is obtained by mixing 200 g of 30% and 300 g of 20%

solution by weight. What is the percentage of solute in the final solution?
(a) 50%
(b) 28%
(c) 64%
(d) 24%

90. What will be the mole fraction of ethanol in a sample of spirit

containing 85% ethanol by mass?
(a) 0.69
(b) 0.82
(c) 0.85
(d) 0.60
91. What is the mole fraction of glucose in 10% w/w glucose solution?
(a) 0.01
(b) 0.02
(c) 0.03
(d) 0.04

92. How many grams of NaOH are present in 250 mL of 0.5 M NaOH
solution?
(a) 7.32 g
(b) 3.8 g
(c) 5 g
(d) 0.5 g
92. How many Na+ ions are present in 100 mL of 0.25 M NaCl solution?
(a) 0.025 × 10^23
(b) 1.505 × 10^22
(c) 15 × 10^22
(d) 2.5 × 10^23

93. What is the mass of urea required for making 2.5 kg of 0.25 molal
aqueous solution?
(a) 37 g
(b) 25 g
(c) 125 g
(d) 27.5 g
94. Concentration terms like mass percentage, ppm, mole fraction and
molality do not depend on temperature. However, molarity is a function of
temperature because:
(a) volume depends on temperature and molarity involves volume
(b) molarity involves non-volatile solute while all other terms involve
volatile solute
(c) number of moles of solute change with change in temperature
(d) molarity is used for polar solvents only

95. Express the terms representing the following formulae:

(i) No. of moles of solute / Volume of solution in litres = (W)
(ii) No. of moles of solute / Mass of solvent in kg = (X)
(iii) No. of moles of component / Moles in the solution = (Y)
(iv) Mass of component / Mass of solution = (Z)
W X Y Z
(a) Molality, Molarity, Mass fraction, Mole fraction
(b) Molarity, Molality, Mass fraction, Mole fraction
(c) Molarity, Molality, Mole fraction, Mass fraction
(d) Molality, Molarity, Mole fraction, Mass fraction

MCQ Answer Key (1–95)

1. B 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. B 6. B
7. B 8. C 9. A 10. B 11. B 12. A
13. B 14. A 15. B 16. A 17. D 18. C
19. C 20. B 21. B 22. C 23. B 24. B
25. C 26. B 27. B 28. B 29. B 30. C
31. B 32. B 33. B 34. B 35. A 36. A
37. B 38. B 39. A 40. C 41. A 42. A
43. B 44. C 45. C 46. B 47. B 48. A
49. A 50. A 51. A 52. A 53. C 54. B
55. C 56. A 57. A 58. A 59. A 60. A
61. D 62. A 63. A 64. A 65. A 66. D
67. A 68. A 69. A 70. D 71. A 72. D
73. D 74. A 75. A 76. C 77. C 78. D
79. B 80. C 81. B 82. B 83. - 84. -
85. D 86. D 87. A 88. A 89. D 90. A
91. B 92. C 93. C 94. A 95. C
SOLUBILITY OF GASES AND SOLIDS IN LIQUIDS
Topics
(i) Solubility of Solids in Liquids.
(ii) Factors affecting the solubility of a solid in a liquid.
(iii) Solubility of Gases in Liquids
(iv) Factors affecting the solubility of a gas in a liquid.
(v) Henry’s law.
(vi) Applications of Henry’s law.
Questions containing one marks each
[Link] solubility.
[Link] is a saturated solution?
[Link] unsaturated solution.
[Link] Henry’s law. Write Henry’s law equation.
[Link] is KH?
6. What is the Effect of pressure on the solubility of gases?
7. What is the Effect of temperature on the solubility of gases?
[Link] one gas highly soluble in water.
[Link] one gas poorly soluble.
10What is bends?
[Link] is anoxia?
Questions containing two marks each
1. Define saturated and unsaturated solutions.
2. Write Henry’s law and explain terms.
3. Explain effect of pressure on gas solubility in liquids.
4. Explain effect of temperature on the solubility of solids.
5. Why solubility of solids are unaffected by pressure?
6. What is KH? How does it vary with temperature?
7. Why does gas solubility decrease with temperature?
8. Give two applications of Henry’s law.
9. Explain why CO₂ is dissolved in soft drinks.
[Link] do scuba divers use helium?
[Link] do aquatic organisms prefer cold water?
12. Explain solubility of solids in liquids with examples. Discuss
factors affecting solubility.
[Link] Henry’s law equation.
[Link] effect of temperature using Le Chatelier principle.
[Link] effect of pressure on gas solubility with example.
[Link] graphical representation of Henry’s law.
[Link] applications of Henry’s law in daily life.
[Link] do scuba divers suffer from bends? Explain.
[Link] variation of KH with temperature?
20. If N2 gas is bubbled through water at 293 K, how many millimoles
of N2 gas would dissolve in 1 litre of water? Assume that N2 exerts a
partial pressure of 0.987 bar. Given that Henry’s law constant for N2 at
293 K is 76.48 kbar. (NCERT)
21. Henry’s law constant for CO2 in water is 1.67×108 Pa at 298 K.
Calculate the quantity of CO2 in 500 mL of soda water when packed
under 2.5 atm CO2 pressure at 298 K. (NCERT)

22. Why do gases always tend to be less soluble in liquids as the

temperature is raised? (NCERT)

23. State Henry’s law and mention some important applications.

24. Calculate the amount of CO2, dissolved at 4 atm in 1 dm3 of water

at 298 K. The Henry's law constant for , at CO2 298 K is 1.67 Kbar.

25. At a same temperature, hydrogen is more soluble in water than

helium. Which of them will have a higher value of KH, and why ?
MCQs

[Link] of a substance depends on:

A. Nature of solute only B. Nature of solvent only
C. Temperature only D. Nature of solute, solvent, temperature
and pressure

[Link] dissolves readily in water?

A. Naphthalene B. Anthracene C. NaCl D. Benzene

[Link] involves:
A. Only separation B. Only combination C. Dynamic equilibrium
D. None

4. At equilibrium:
A. Dissolution stops B. Crystallisation stops
C. Both occur at same rate D. None

[Link] solution means:

A. No solute present B. Maximum solute dissolved
C. Minimum solute dissolved D. None

[Link] solution means:

A. No solute B. More solute can dissolve
C. Cannot dissolve more D. None

7. Solubility is:
A. Amount dissolved at any condition
B. Maximum amount dissolved at given conditions
C. Minimum amount dissolved
D. None

[Link] is maximum at:

A. Low temperature B. High temperature
C. Depends on nature D. None
[Link] endothermic dissolution, solubility:
A. Decreases B. Increases
C. Remains constant D. None

[Link] exothermic dissolution, solubility:

A. Increases B. Decreases
C. Constant D. None

11. Dissolution follows:

A. Boyle’s law B. Charles law
C. Le Chatelier’s principle D. None

12. Solubility of gases with temperature:

A. Increases B. Decreases C. Constant D. None

[Link] of gases is:

A. Endothermic B. Exothermic
C. Neutral D. None

14. Increase in temperature causes:

A. More gas dissolves B. Less gas dissolves
C. No change D. None

[Link] Chatelier principle predicts:

A. Direction of reaction B. Equilibrium shift
C. Solubility change D. All

16. Solubility of solids usually:

A. Decreases with temperature B. Increases
C. No change D. None

17. Pressure affects solubility of:

A. Solids B. Liquids C. Gases D. None
18. Solubility of solids with pressure:
A. Increases B. Decreases C. No effect D. None

19. Solubility of gases increases with:

A. Decrease in pressure B. Increase in pressure
C. No change D. None

[Link] effect is negligible for:

A. Gases B. Solids C. Both D. None

[Link] of gas leads to:

A. Less dissolution B. More dissolution
C. No change D. None

[Link]’s law relates:

A. Pressure and volume B. Pressure and solubility
C. Temperature and pressure D. None

[Link] of Henry’s law:

A. p ∝ x B. p ∝ 1/x
C. x ∝ T D. None

[Link]’s law equation:

p = K_H x
KH depends on:
A. Nature of gas B. Temperature
C. Both D. None

[Link] KH means:
A. Higher solubility B. Lower solubility
C. No effect D. None

26. Henry’s law is valid at:

A. High pressure B. Low pressure
C. All conditions D. None
27. Slope of graph (p vs x):
A. KH B. 1/KH C. Constant D. None

28. Gas solubility is proportional to:

A. Total pressure B. Partial pressure
C. Volume D. None

29. Henry’s law constant increases with:

A. Decrease in temperature B. Increase in temperature
C. No relation D. None

[Link] N₂ and O₂, KH increases with:

A. Temperature B. Pressure C. Volume D. None

[Link] pressure doubles, solubility:

A. Doubles B. Halves C. No change D. None

[Link]’s law is useful for:

A. Solids B. Liquids C. Gases D. None

[Link] solubility is highest at:

A. High T, low P B. Low T, high P
C. High T, high P D. None

34. Mole fraction is:

A. Ratio of moles B. Ratio of masses C. Volume ratio
D. None

35. Soda water contains CO₂ under:

A. Low pressure B. High pressure
C. No pressure D. None

36. Scuba divers suffer from:

A. Fever B. Bends C. Cold D. None

[Link] is due to:

A. O₂ bubbles B. N₂ bubbles C. CO₂ bubbles D. None
38. Divers use helium because:
A. Less soluble B. More soluble C. Reactive D. None

[Link] high altitude:

A. O₂ pressure increases
B. O₂ pressure decreases
C. No change
D. None

40. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

(a) A solution in which no more solute can be dissolved at the same
temperature and pressure is called a saturated solution.
(b) An unsaturated solution is one in which more solute can be
dissolved at the same temperature.
(c) The solution which is in dynamic equilibrium with undissolved
solute is the saturated solution.
(d) The minimum amount of solute dissolved in a given amount of
solvent is its solubility.

41. Low concentration of oxygen in the blood and tissues of people

living at high altitude is due to _________.
(a) low temperature
(b) low atmospheric pressure
(c) high atmospheric pressure
(d) both low temperature and high atmospheric pressure

42. The value of Henry's constant KH is _______.

(a) greater for gases with higher solubility.
(b) greater for gases with lower solubility.
(c) constant for all gases.
(d) not related to the solubility of gases.

43. Scuba divers may experience a condition called ______. To avoids

this, the tanks used by scuba divers are filled with air diluted with
_____ .
(a) Migrains, Hydrogen (b) Cramps, Nitrogen
(c) Nausea, Oxygen (d) Bends, Helium

44.

45. People living at high attitudes often reported with a problem of

feeling weak and inability to think clearly. The reason for this is.
(a) at high altitudes the partial pressure of oxygen is less than at the
ground level.
(b) at high altitudes the partial pressure of oxygen is more than at the
ground level.
(c) at high altitudes the partial pressure of oxygen is equal to at the
ground level.
(d) None of these.
46. “If temperature increases solubility of gas decreases”. For this
situation which of the following statement(s) is/are correct ?
(i) Reaction is endothermic
(ii) Le-chatelier’s principle can be applied
(a) Statement (i) and (ii) both are correct
(b) Statement (i) is correct only
(c) Statement (ii) is correct only
(d) Both statement(s) (i) and (ii) are incorrect

47. Read the following statements carefully and choose the correct
option.
(i) Different gases have different KH values at the same temperature.
(ii) Higher the value of KH at a given temperature, lower is the
solubility of the nature of gas in the liquid.
(iii) KH is a function of the nature of the gas.
(iv) Solubility of gases increases with increase of temperature.

(a) (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct.

(b) (ii) and (iv) are correct.
(c) (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct.
(d) (i) and (iv) are correct.

48. Read the following statements and choose the correct option.
(i) Polar solutes dissolve in a polar solvent.
(ii) Polar solutes dissolve in a non-polar solvent.
(iii) Non-polar solutes dissolve in a non-polar solvent.
(iv) Non-polar solutes dissolve in a polar solvent.

(a) (i) and (ii) are correct.

(b) (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct.
(c) (i) and (iii) are correct.
(d) (ii) and (iv) are correct.

49. Solubility of a substance is its maximum amount that can be

dissolved in a specified amount of solvent. It depends upon:
(i) nature of solute
(ii) nature of solvent
(iii) temperature
(iv) pressure
(a) Only (i), (ii) and (iii)
(b) Only (i), (iii) and (iv)
(c) Only (i) and (iv)
(d) (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)

50. According to Henry’s law the partial pressure of the gas in vapour
phase (p) is proportional to the mole fraction of the gas (x) in the
solution. For different gases the correct statement about Henry’s
constant is:
(a) higher the value of KH at a given pressure, higher is the solubility
of the gas
(b) higher the value of KH at a given pressure, lower is the solubility
of the gas
(c) KH is not a function of nature of gas
(d) KH value for all gases is same at a given pressure
51. The law which indicates the relationship between solubility of a
gas in liquid and pressure is:
(a) Raoult’s law
(b) Henry’s law
(c) Lowering of vapour pressure
(d) van’t Hoff law

52. The value of Henry’s law constant for some gases at 293 K is
given below. Arrange the gases in increasing order of their solubility:
He: 144.97 kbar, H2: 69.16 kbar, N2: 76.48 kbar, O2: 34.86 kbar
(a) He < N2 < H2 < O2
(b) O2 < H2 < N2 < He
(c) H2 < N2 < O2 < He
(d) He < O2 < N2 < H2
53. At high altitudes the partial pressure of oxygen is less than that at
the ground level. This leads to:
(a) low concentrations of oxygen in the blood and tissues
(b) high concentrations of oxygen in the blood and tissues
(c) release of dissolved gases and formation of bubbles of nitrogen in
the blood
(d) thickening of blood and tissues

54. Partial pressure of a solution component is directly proportional to

its mole fraction. This is known as:
(a) Henry’s law
(b) Raoult’s law
(c) Distribution law
(d) Ostwald’s dilution law
55. Maximum amount of a solid solute that can be dissolved in
a specified amount of a given liquid solvent does not depend
upon ________.
(a) temperature
(b) nature of solute
(c) pressure
(d) nature of solvent

56. Low concentration of oxygen in the blood and tissues of

people living at high altitude is due to ________.
(a) low temperature
(b) low atmospheric pressure
(c) high atmospheric pressure
(d) both low temperature and high atmospheric pressure

[Link] value of Henry’s constant KH is ________.

(a) greater for gases with higher solubility
(b) greater for gases with lower solubility
(c) constant for all gases
(d) not related to the solubility of gases
[Link]: Pressure does not have any effect on solubility of
solids in liquids.
Reason: Solids and liquids are highly incompressible.

[Link]: Aquatic species are more comfortable in warm

waters than cold waters.
Reason: KH values for both N2 and O2 decrease with increase
of temperature.
60. KH values for Ar(g), CO2(g), HCHO(g) and CH4(g) are
40.39,
1.67, 1.83 × 10-5 and 0.413 respectively. Arrange these gases
in the order of their increasing solubility.
(a) HCHO < CH4 < CO2 < Ar
(b) HCHO < CO2 < CH4 < Ar
(c) Ar < CO2 < CH4 < HCHO
(d) Ar < CH4 < CO2 < HCHO

MCQ Answer Key

1. D 2. C 3. C 4. C 5. B 6. B
7. B 8. C 9. B 10. B 11. C 12. B
13. B 14. B 15. D 16. B 17. C 18. C
19. B 20. B 21. B 22. B 23. A 24. C
25. B 26. B 27. A 28. B 29. B 30. A
31. A 32. C 33. B 34. A 35. B 36. B
37. B 38. A 39. B 40. d 41. b 42. b
43. d 44. - 45. a 46. c 47. c 48. c
49. d 50. b 51. b 52. a 53. b 54. c
55. b 56. b 57. A 58. D 59. d
 1. Vapour Pressure of Liquid Solutions
2. Vapour Pressure of Liquid -Liquid Solutions
3. Raoult’s law
4. Vapour Pressure of Solutions of Solids in Liquids
5. Ideal and Non ideal Solutions
6. Azeotropes, minimum boiling azeotrope and maximum boiling
azeotrope

Questions carrying 1 marks each.

1. Define vapour pressure.
2. Define Raoult’s law.
Define ideal solution.
3. Define non-ideal solution.
4. Define positive deviation.
5. Define negative deviation.
6. Define colligative property.
7. Define vapour pressure
lowering.
8. Define boiling point.
9. Why is the time saved when
cooking is done in a
pressure cooker ?
10. Two liquids A and B are
mixed and the resulting
solution is found to be
cooler. What do you
conclude about deviation
from ideal behaviour ?
11.

Questions carrying 2 marks each.

1. Differentiate ideal & non-ideal solutions
2. Explain positive deviation
3. Explain negative deviation
4. Give examples of ideal and non ideal solutions
5. Explain ideal and non ideal solution graph.
 6. Explain the effect of hydrogen bonding in the vapour pressure
curve.
7. Derive an expression of Raoult’s law for binary solution.
8. Explain ideal solutions with graph
9. Explain non-ideal solutions with graph.
10. Discuss positive deviation with diagram
11. Discuss negative deviation with diagram
12. The vapour pressure of ethyl alcohol at 298 K is 40 mm of
Hg. Its mole fraction in a solution with methyl alcohol is 0.80.
What is its vapour pressure in solution if the mixture obeys
Raoult’s law?
13. The vapour pressure of pure liquid A at 310°C is 0.158 bar.
The vapour pressure of this liquid in solution with liquid 5 is
0.095 bar. Calculate the mole fraction of A in the solution if the
mixture obeys Raoult’s law.
14. Two liquid A and B boil at 145°C and 190°C respectively.
Which of them has higher vapour pressure at 80°C ?
15.

Questions carrying 3 marks each.

1. Vapour pressure of chloroform (CHCl3 ) and
dichloromethane (CH2 Cl2 ) at 298 K are 200 mm
Hg and 415 mm Hg respectively.
(i) Calculate the vapour pressure of the solution prepared by
mixing 25.5 g of CHCl3 and 40 g of CH2 Cl2 at 298 K and,
(ii) mole fractions of each component in vapour phase.

2. The vapour pressure of pure liquids A and B are

450 and 700 mm Hg respectively, at 350 K . Find
out the composition of the liquid mixture if total
vapour pressure is 600 mm Hg. Also find the
composition of the vapour phase.

3. What is meant by positive and negative deviations

from Raoult's law and how is the sign of Hmix
 related to positive and negative deviations from
Raoult's law?

4. Heptane and octane form an ideal solution. At 373

K, the vapour pressures of the two liquid
components are 105.2 kPa and 46.8 kPa
respectively. What will be the vapour pressure of a
mixture of 26.0 g of heptane and 35 g of octane?

5. Calculate the mass of a non-volatile solute (molar

mass 40 g mol–1) which should be dissolved in 114
g octane to reduce its vapour pressure to 80%.

6. 100 g of liquid A (molar mass 140 g mol–1) was

dissolved in 1000 g of liquid B (molar mass 180 g
mol–1). The vapour pressure of pure liquid B was
found to be 500 torr. Calculate the vapour pressure
of pure liquid A and its vapour pressure in the
solution if the total vapour pressure of the solution
is 475 Torr.

7. An aqueous solution of glucose is made by

dissolving 10 g of glucose (C6H12O6) in 90 g of
water at 303 K. If the vapour pressure of pure water
at 303 K be 32.8 mm Hg, what would be the vapour
pressure of the solution?

8. Two liquids X and Y on mixing form an ideal

solution. The vapour pressure of the solution
containing 3 mol of X and 1 mol of Y is 550 mm of
Hg. But when 4 mol of X and 1 mol of Y are
mixed, the vapour pressure of the solution, thus,
formed ts 560 mm of Hg. What will be the vapour
 pressure of the pure X and pure Y at this
temperature ?

Vapour Pressure

1. Vapour pressure is:

A. Pressure of gas B. Pressure of vapour in equilibrium
with liquid
C. Atmospheric pressure D. Zero pressure

2. Raoult’s law applies to:

A. Ideal solutions B. Gases
C. Solids D. Electrolytes only

3. Ideal solution obeys:

A. Dalton’s law B. Raoult’s law
C. Henry’s law D. Boyle’s law

4. Total vapour pressure equals:

A. Product B. Sum of partial pressures
C. Difference D. Ratio

5. For ideal solution:

A. ΔHmix = 0 B. ΔHmix > 0
C. ΔHmix < 0 D. Infinite

6. Ideal solution has:

A. Volume change B. No volume change
C. Large expansion D. Contraction
7. Non-ideal solution shows:
A. No deviation B. Deviation
C. Constant pressure D. Zero pressure

8. Positive deviation means:

A. Lower vapour pressure B. Higher vapour pressure
C. No change D. Infinite

9. Negative deviation means:

A. Higher pressure B. Lower vapour pressure
C. Same pressure D. Zero pressure

10. Vapour pressure increases with:

A. Temperature B. Volume
C. Density D. Mass

11. Dalton’s law deals with:

A. Pressure B. Volume
C. Temperature D. Density

12. Vapour pressure depends on:

A. Temperature B. Volume
C. Shape D. Colour

13. Ideal solution example:

A. Benzene + toluene B. Water + ethanol
C. Acetone + chloroform D. HCl + water

14. Positive deviation example:

A. Ethanol + acetone B. Benzene + toluene
C. Hexane + heptane D. NaCl + water

15. Negative deviation example:

A. Acetone + chloroform B. Benzene + toluene
C. Ethanol + hexane D. Sugar + water

16. Partial pressure depends on:

A. Mole fraction B. Volume
C. Shape D. Density
17. Raoult’s law valid at:
A. Constant temperature B. Constant pressure
C. Constant volume D. None

18. Vapour pressure of solution with non-volatile solute:

A. Higher B. Lower
C. Same D. Infinite

19. Strong A–B interactions lead to:

A. Positive deviation B. Negative deviation
C. Ideal behavior D. No mixing

20. Weak A–B interactions lead to:

A. Negative deviation B. Positive deviation
C. Ideal D. No change

21. Ideal solution has:

A. Equal interactions B. Unequal interactions
C. No interactions D. Strong only

22. Non-ideal solution has:

A. Equal interactions B. Unequal interactions
C. Zero interaction D. None

23. Ideal solution graph is:

A. Linear B. Curved
C. Circular D. Zigzag

24. Non-ideal solution graph:

A. Linear B. Curved
C. Straight D. None

25. Higher vapour pressure →

A. Higher volatility B. Lower volatility
C. No change D. Zero
26. Lower boiling point →
A. High vapour pressure B. Low vapour pressure
C. Same D. Infinite

27. Hydrogen bonding leads to:

A. Negative deviation B. Positive deviation
C. Ideal D. No effect

28. Breaking H-bond causes:

A. Positive deviation B. Negative deviation
C. Ideal D. None

29. Ideal solution has:

A. ΔH = 0 B. ΔH ≠ 0
C. ΔH > 0 D. ΔH < 0

30. Non-ideal solution has:

A. ΔH = 0
B. ΔH ≠ 0
C. ΔH = ∞
D. None

31. Raoult’s law applies to:

A. Liquid-liquid B. Gas-liquid
C. Solid-liquid D. Gas-solid

32. Henry’s law applies to:

A. Gas-liquid B. Liquid-liquid
C. Solid-liquid D. Solid-solid

33. Vapour pressure lowering depends on:

A. Mole fraction B. Mass
C. Volume D. Shape

34. Colligative properties depend on:

A. Number of particles B. Nature
C. Colour D. Shape

35. Non-volatile solute:

A. Lowers vapour pressure B. Increases
C. No effect D. Infinite

36. More solute →

A. More lowering B. Less lowering
C. No change D. Infinite

37. Vapour pressure relates to:

A. Escaping tendency B. Density
C. Colour D. Volume

38. Strong attraction →

A. Lower vapour pressure B. Higher vapour pressure
C. Same D. Infinite

39. Ideal solution shows:

A. Linear relation B. Curved
C. No relation D. None

40. Non-ideal shows:

A. Deviation B. No deviation
C. Ideal D. None

41. Positive deviation:

A. Weak forces B. Strong forces
C. Equal D. None

42. Negative deviation:

A. Strong forces B. Weak forces
C. Equal D. None

43. Total pressure depends on:

A. Composition B. Colour
C. Shape D. Volume
44. More volatile →
A. Higher pressure B. Lower pressure
C. Same D. None

45. Less volatile →

A. Lower pressure B. Higher pressure
C. Same D. None

46. Temperature increase →

A. Pressure increase B. Decrease
C. Same D. None

47. Vapour pressure lowering →

A. Colligative property B. Intensive
C. Extensive
D. None

48. Ideal solution →

A. No heat change B. Heat change
C. Infinite D. None

49. Non-ideal →
A. Heat change B. No change
C. Infinite D. None

50. Vapour pressure proportional to

A. Mole fraction B. Mass
C. Volume D. Density

51. Strong forces →

A. Lower pressure B. Higher pressure
C. Same D. None

52. Weak forces →

A. Higher pressure B. Lower pressure
C. Same D. None

53. Positive deviation →

A. Weak interaction B. Strong
C. Equal D. None

54. Negative deviation →

A. Strong interaction B. Weak
C. Equal D. None

55. Vapour pressure increases with

A. Temperature B. Mass
C. Volume D. Shape

56. Vapour pressure decreases with

A. Solute addition B. Heating
C. Pressure D. None

57. Raoult’s law valid for

A. Ideal solution B. Non-ideal
C. Gas D. Solid

58. Which of the following units is useful in relating concentration of

solution with its vapour pressure?
(a) mole fraction (b) parts per million
(c) mass percentage (d) molality

59. The decrease in the vapour pressure of solvent depends on the

(a) quantity of non-volatile solute present in the solution
(b) nature of non-volatile solute present in the solution
(c) molar mass of non-volatile solute present in the solution
(d) physical state of non-volatile solute present in the solution

60.
61. PA and PB are the vapour pressure of pure liquid components, A
and B, respectively of an ideal binary solution. If XA represents the
mole fraction of component A, the total pressure of the solution will
be.
(a) PA + XA (PB – PA) (b) PA + XA (PA – PB)
(c) PB + XA (PB – PA) (d) PB + XA (PA – PB)

62. Two liquids X and Y form an ideal solution. At 300 K, vapour

pressure of the solution containing 1 mol of X and 3 mol of Y is 550
mm Hg. At the same temperature, if 1 mol of Y is further added to this
solution, vapour pressure of the solution increases by 10 mm Hg.
Vapour pressure ( in mm Hg) of X and Y in their pure states will be,
respectively
(a) 300 and 400 (b) 400 and 600
(c) 500 and 600 (d) 200 and 300
63. A solution containing components A and B follows Raoult's law
when
(a) A – B attraction force is greater than A – A and B – B
(b) A – B attraction force is less than A – A and B – B
(c) A – B attraction force remains same as A–A and B –B
(d) volume of solution is different from sum of volume of solute and
solvent

64. Mixtures of ethanol and acetone show positive deviation. The

reason is
(a) In pure ethanol, molecules are hydrogen bonded.
(b) In pure acetone, molecules are hydrogen bonded
(c) In both molecules are hydrogen bonded
(d) None of these

65.

66. According to Raoult's law, relative lowering of vapour pressure

for a solution is equal to
(a) moles of solute
(b) moles of solvent
(c) mole fraction of solute
(d) mole fraction of solvent

67. The relative lowering of the vapour pressure is equal to the ratio
between the number of
(a) solute molecules to the solvent molecules
(b) solute molecules to the total molecules in the solution
(c) solvent molecules to the total molecules in the solution
(d) solvent molecules to the total number of ions of the solute.

68. Read the following statements carefully and choose the correct
option
(i) The vapour pressure of a liquid decreases with increase of
temperature.
(ii) The liquid boils at the temperature at which its vapour pressure is
equal to the atmospheric pressure.
(iii)Vapour pressure of the solvent decreases in the presence of non-
volatile solute.
(iv) Vapour pressure of the pure solvent and solution is a function of
temperature.
(a) (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct
(b) (i), (iii), and (iv) are correct
(c) (ii), (iii), and (iv) are correct
(d) (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct

69. 3 moles of P and 2 moles of Q are mixed, what will be their total
vapour pressure in the solution if their partial vapour pressures are 80
and 60 torr respectively?
(a) 80 torr
(b) 140 torr
(c) 72 torr
(d) 70 torr

70. What are the conditions for an ideal solution which obeys Raoult’s
law over the entire range of concentration?
(a) ΔmixH = 0, ΔmixV = 0, Ptotal = P°A xA + P°B xB
(b) ΔmixH = +ve, ΔmixV = 0, Ptotal = P°A xA + P°B xB
(c) ΔmixH = 0, ΔmixV = +ve, Ptotal = P°A xA + P°B xB
(d) ΔmixH = 0, ΔmixV = 0, Ptotal = P°B xB

71. Which of the following solutions shows positive deviation from

Raoult’s law?
(a) Acetone + Aniline
(b) Acetone + Ethanol
(c) Water + Nitric acid
(d) Chloroform + Benzene

72. Which of the following solutions is an example of negative

deviation from Raoult’s law?
(a) Acetone + Ethanol
(b) Carbon tetrachloride + Chloroform
(c) Acetone + Chloroform
(d) Water + Ethanol

73. When acetone and chloroform are mixed together, hydrogen

bonds are formed between them. Which of the following statements is
correct about the solution made by mixing acetone and chloroform?
(a) On mixing acetone and chloroform will form an ideal solution.
(b) On mixing acetone and chloroform positive deviation is shown
since the vapour pressure increases.
(c) On mixing acetone and chloroform negative deviation is shown
since there is decrease in vapour pressure.
(d) At a specific composition acetone and chloroform will form
minimum boiling azeotrope.

74. When acetone and chloroform are mixed together, which of the
following observations is correct?
(a) A–A and B–B interactions are stronger than A–B interactions.
(b) A–A and B–B interactions are weaker than A–B interactions.
(c) A–A, B–B and A–B interactions are equal.
(d) The liquids form separate layers and are immiscible.

75. Match the column I with column II and mark the appropriate
choice:
Column I:
(A) ΔHmix = 0, ΔVmix = 0
(B) ΔHmix ≠ 0, ΔVmix ≠ 0
(C) ΔHmix < 0, ΔVmix < 0
(D) ΔHmix > 0, ΔVmix > 0

Column II:
(i) Non-ideal solution
(ii) Positive deviation
(iii) Ideal solution
(iv) Negative deviation

(a) (A) → (i), (B) → (iii), (C) → (ii), (D) → (iv)

(b) (A) → (iii), (B) → (i), (C) → (iv), (D) → (ii)
(c) (A) → (ii), (B) → (iii), (C) → (iv), (D) → (i)
(d) (A) → (iii), (B) → (ii), (C) → (i), (D) → (iv)

76. Match the column I with column II and mark the appropriate
choice:
Column I:
(A) Ethyl alcohol + Water
(B) Benzene + Toluene
(C) Henry’s law
(D) Raoult’s law

Column II:
(i) p = p°x
(ii) Effect of pressure on gas solutions
(iii) Ideal solution
(iv) Azeotropic mixture

(a) (A) → (i), (B) → (iii), (C) → (ii), (D) → (iv)

(b) (A) → (i), (B) → (ii), (C) → (iii), (D) → (iv)
(c) (A) → (iv), (B) → (iii), (C) → (ii), (D) → (i)
(d) (A) → (iii), (B) → (ii), (C) → (i), (D) → (iv)

77. Which of the following units is useful in relating concentration of

solution with its vapour pressure?
(a) Mole fraction
(b) Parts per million
(c) Mass percentage
(d) Molality
78. Assertion: Decrease in the vapour pressure of water by adding 1
mol of sucrose to one kg of water is higher than that produced by
adding 1 mol of urea to the same quantity of water at the same
temperature.
Reason: Molecular mass of sugar is less than that of urea.
Choose the most appropriate answer-
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct
explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct
explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) Assertion and reason are false.

79. Assertion: In an ideal solution, ΔmixH is zero.

Reason: In an ideal solution, A–B interactions are lower than A–A and
B–B interactions
Choose the most appropriate answer-
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct
explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct
explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) Assertion and reason are false.

MCQ Answer Key (Vapour Pressure)

1. B 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. A 6. B
7. B 8. B 9. B 10. A 11. A 12. A
13. A 14. A 15. A 16. A 17. A 18. B
19. B 20. B 21. A 22. B 23. A 24. B
25. A 26. A 27. A 28. A 29. A 30. B
31. A 32. A 33. A 34. A 35. A 36. A
37. A 38. A 39. A 40. A 41. A 42. A
43. A 44. A 45. A 46. A 47. A 48. A
49. A 50. A 51. A 52. A 53. A 54. A
55. A 56. A 57. A 58. a 59. a 60. -
61. d 62. b 63. c 64. a 65. - 66. c
67. a 68. c 69. c 70. a 71. b 72. c
73. c 74. b 75. c 76. c
 1. Colligative Properties and Determination of Molar Mass.
2. Relative Lowering in vapour Pressure.

Theoretical Questions..

1. The vapour pressure of pure benzene at a certain temperature is

0.850 bar. A non-volatile, non-electrolyte solid weighing 0.5 g
when added to 39.0 g of benzene (molar mass 78 g mol-1).
Vapour pressure of the solution, then, is 0.845 bar. What is the
molar mass of the solid substance?

MCQS

[Link] boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which its vapour

pressure equals:
A. External pressure B. Zero
C. Critical pressure D. Internal pressure

2. Vapour pressure of a liquid increases with:

A. Decrease in temperature B. Increase in temperature
C. Increase in volume D. Addition of solute

3. On adding a non-volatile solute, vapour pressure:

A. Increases B. Decreases
C. Remains same D. Becomes zero

4. The boiling point of a solution is:

A. Less than solvent B. Equal to solvent
C. Greater than solvent D. Zero

5. Elevation in boiling point is represented by:

A. Tb⁰ − Tb B. Tb − Tb⁰
C. Tb × Tb⁰ D. Tb / Tb⁰

6. The elevation in boiling point depends on:

A. Nature of solute B. Nature of solvent
C. Number of solute particles D. Temperature
7. Colligative properties depend on:
A. Mass of solute B. Volume
C. Number of particles D. Density

8. Which is a colligative property?

A. Viscosity B. Surface tension
C. Elevation of boiling point D. Colour

9. The boiling point of pure water at 1 atm is:

A. 300 K B. 273 K
C. 373 K D. 350 K

10. Ebullioscopic constant is denoted by:

A. Kf B. Kb
C. Ka D. Kw

11. The SI unit of Kb is:

A. mol kg⁻¹ B. K kg mol⁻¹
C. kg mol⁻¹ D. K mol⁻¹

12. ΔTb is proportional to:

A. Mole fraction B. Molality
C. Molarity D. Pressure

13. Formula for elevation of boiling point:

A. ΔTb = Kf × m B. ΔTb = Kb × m
C. ΔTb = m/Kb D. ΔTb = Kb/m

14. Vapour pressure of solution is always:

A. Higher B. Lower
C. Equal D. Zero

15. A non-volatile solute:

A. Evaporates easily B. Does not evaporate
C. Has high vapour pressure D. Boils quickly
16. Kb depends on:
A. Solute B. Solvent
C. Pressure D. Temperature only

17. For dilute solutions, ΔTb is:

A. Non-linear B. Directly proportional to m
C. Inversely proportional D. Constant

18. Vapour pressure lowering leads to:

A. Decrease in boiling point B. Increase in boiling point
C. No change D. Freezing

19. Boiling occurs when vapour pressure equals:

A. Atmospheric pressure B. Internal pressure
C. Osmotic pressure D. Zero

20. ΔTb depends on:

A. Mass of solvent B. Number of moles of solute
C. Volume D. Pressure

21. A solution boils at higher temperature because:

A. Vapour pressure increases B. Vapour pressure decreases
C. Density increases D. Volume decreases

22. If Kb = 0.52 and m = 0.1, ΔTb =

A. 0.052 K B. 0.52 K
C. 5.2 K D. 0.0052 K

23. If ΔTb = 0.052 K, new boiling point of water =

A. 373.052 K B. 372.95 K
C. 373 K D. 374 K

24. If molality doubles, ΔTb:

A. Halves B. Doubles
C. Constant D. Zero
25. If ΔTb = 0, solution is:
A. Concentrated B. Dilute
C. Pure solvent D. Gas

26. If Kb = 2 and ΔTb = 1, m =

A. 2 B. 1
C. 0.5 D. 3

27. 18 g glucose (M = 180) in 1 kg water, m =

A. 1 B. 0.1
C. 0.01 D. 10

28. For above, ΔTb =

A. 0.052 K B. 0.52 K
C. 5.2 K D. 0.0052 K

29. Unit of ΔTb is:

A. K B. mol
C. kg D. g

30. If w₂ increases, ΔTb:

A. Decreases B. Increases
C. Same D. Zero

31. If Kb increases, ΔTb:

A. Decreases B. Increases
C. Same D. Zero

32. If number of particles increases, ΔTb:

A. Decreases B. Increases
C. Same D. Zero

33. ΔTb depends on:

A. Volume B. Temperature
C. Concentration D. Pressure
34. If 2 m solution, ΔTb =
A. 2Kb B. Kb
C. Kb/2 D. 0

35. If Kb = 0.5 and m = 2, ΔTb =

A. 1 B. 0.5
C. 2 D. 0

36. If ΔTb = 1 and Kb = 0.5, m =

A. 1 B. 2
C. 0.5 D. 3

37. If m = 0, ΔTb =
A. 1 B. 0
C. Infinite D. Undefined

38. ΔTb is zero for:

A. Solution B. Pure solvent
C. Gas D. Solid

39. Assertion: Boiling point increases on adding solute

Reason: Vapour pressure decreases
Choose the most appropriate answer-
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct
explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct
explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) Assertion and reason are false.

40. Assertion: ΔTb depends on nature of solute

Reason: Colligative properties depend on number of particles
Choose the most appropriate answer-
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct
explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct
explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) Assertion and reason are false.

41. Assertion: Kb is constant for a solvent

Reason: It depends on solvent properties
Choose the most appropriate answer-
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct
explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct
explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) Assertion and reason are false.

42. Assertion: Molality depends on temperature

Reason: Mass changes with temperature
Choose the most appropriate answer-
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct
explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct
explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) Assertion and reason are false.

43. Assertion: Vapour pressure lowering causes boiling point

elevation
Reason: More temperature needed to reach atmospheric pressure
Choose the most appropriate answer-
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct
explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct
explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) Assertion and reason are false.
44. The relative lowering in vapour pressure is proportional to the
ratio of number of:
(a) solute molecules to solvent molecules
(b) solvent molecules to solute molecules
(c) solute molecules to the total number of molecules in solution
(d) solvent molecules to the total number of molecules in solution

MCQ Answer Key (Relative Lowering in

Vapour Pressure)
1. A 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. C
7. C 8. C 9. C 10. B 11. B 12. B
13. B 14. B 15. B 16. B 17. B 18. B
19. A 20. B 21. B 22. A 23. A 24. B
25. C 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. A 30. B
31. B 32. B 33. C 34. A 35. A 36. B
37. B 38. B 39. a 40. d 41. a 42. d
43. a 44. c
 1. Elevation inn boiling point

Theoretical Questions.

Questions carrying 1 marks each.

1. Define boiling point.
2. Define elevation of boiling point.
3. Write unit of Kb.
4. Write relation between ΔTb and m.

Questions carrying 2 marks each.

1. Explain why boiling point increases on adding solute.

2. Define ebullioscopic constant.
3. Write factors affecting ΔTb.
4. Explain why Kb is constant.
5. Give relation between ΔTb and molar mass.
6. Derive relation between molar mass and ΔTb.
7. 18 g glucose in 1 kg water, find ΔTb (Kb = 0.52)
8. Explain why colligative properties depend on number of
particles.
9. Explain practical applications of elevation of boiling point.
10. Why is boiling point a colligative property?
11. Discuss importance of ebullioscopic constant.
12. 18 g of glucose, C6 H12 O6 , is dissolved in 1 kg of water in
a saucepan. At what temperature will water boil at 1.013 bar?
Kb for water is 0.52 K kg mol-1.
13. The boiling point of benzene is 353.23 K. When 1.80 g of
a non-volatile solute was dissolved in 90 g of benzene, the
boiling point is raised to 354.11 K. Calculate the molar mass of
the solute. Kb for benzene is 2.53 Kkgmol-1.
14. Molal elevation constant for benzene is 2.52 K/m. A
solution of some organic substance in benzene boils at 0.126°C
higher than benzene. What is the molality of the solution ?
15. A solution of glycerol (C3H8O3) in water was prepared by
dissolving some glycerol in 500 g of water. This solution has a
boiling point of 100.42°C while pure water boils at 100°C. What
mass of glycerol was dissolved to make the solution ? (K, for
water = 0.512 K kg mol-1)
16. A solution prepared by dissolving 1.25 g of oil of winter
green (methyl salicylate) in 99.0 g of benzene has a boiling
point of 80.31 °C. Determine the molar mass of this compound.
(B.P. of pure benzene = 80.10 °C and K, for benzene = 2.53 °C
kg mol)
17. A solution containing 8 g of a substance in 100 g of diethyl
ether boils at 36.86°C, whereas pure ether boils at 35.60°C.
Determine molecular mass of the solute (For ether K, = 2.02
Kkg mol-1).
MCQs

1. The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which its vapour

pressure equals:
A. External pressure B. Zero
C. Critical pressure D. Internal pressure

2. The boiling point of a solution is:

A. Less than solvent B. Equal to solvent
C. Greater than solvent D. Zero

3. Elevation in boiling point is represented by:

A. Tb⁰ − Tb B. Tb − Tb⁰
C. Tb × Tb⁰ D. Tb / Tb⁰

4. The elevation in boiling point depends on:

A. Nature of solute B. Nature of solvent
C. Number of solute particles D. Temperature

5.. Colligative properties depend on:

A. Mass of solute B. Volume
C. Number of particles D. Density

6. Which is a colligative property?

A. Viscosity B. Surface tension
C. Elevation of boiling point D. Colour

7. The boiling point of pure water at 1 atm is:

A. 300 K B. 273 K
C. 373 K D. 350 K

8. Ebullioscopic constant is denoted by:

A. Kf B. Kb
C. Ka D. Kw

9. The SI unit of Kb is:

A. mol kg⁻¹ B. K kg mol⁻¹
C. kg mol⁻¹ D. K mol⁻¹

10. ΔTb is proportional to:

A. Mole fraction B. Molality
C. Molarity D. Pressure

11. Formula for elevation of boiling point:

A. ΔTb = Kf × m B. ΔTb = Kb × m
C. ΔTb = m/Kb D. ΔTb = Kb/m

12. Kb depends on:

A. Solute B. Solvent
C. Pressure D. Temperature only

13. For dilute solutions, ΔTb is:

A. Non-linear B. Directly proportional to m
C. Inversely proportional D. Constant

14. Boiling occurs when vapour pressure equals:

A. Atmospheric pressure B. Internal pressure
C. Osmotic pressure D. Zero

15. ΔTb depends on:

A. Mass of solvent B. Number of moles of solute
C. Volume D. Pressure

16. A solution boils at higher temperature because:

A. Vapour pressure increases B. Vapour pressure decreases
C. Density increases D. Volume decreases

17. If Kb = 0.52 and m = 0.1, ΔTb =

A. 0.052 K B. 0.52 K
C. 5.2 K D. 0.0052 K

18. If ΔTb = 0.052 K, new boiling point of water =

A. 373.052 K B. 372.95 K
C. 373 K D. 374 K

19. If molality doubles, ΔTb:

A. Halves B. Doubles
C. Constant D. Zero

20. If ΔTb = 0, solution is:

A. Concentrated B. Dilute
C. Pure solvent D. Gas

21. If Kb = 2 and ΔTb = 1, m =

A. 2 B. 1
C. 0.5 D. 3

22. Unit of ΔTb is:

A. K B. mol
C. kg D. g

23. If w₂ increases, ΔTb:

A. Decreases B. Increases
C. Same D. Zero

24. If Kb increases, ΔTb:

A. Decreases B. Increases
C. Same D. Zero

25. If number of particles increases, ΔTb:

A. Decreases B. Increases
C. Same D. Zero

26. ΔTb depends on:

A. Volume B. Temperature
C. Concentration D. Pressure

27. If 2 m solution, ΔTb =

A. 2Kb B. Kb
C. Kb/2 D. 0

28. If Kb = 0.5 and m = 2, ΔTb =

A. 1 B. 0.5
C. 2 D. 0

29. If ΔTb = 1 and Kb = 0.5, m =

A. 1 B. 2
C. 0.5 D. 3

30. If m = 0, ΔTb =
A. 1 B. 0
C. Infinite D. Undefined

31. ΔTb is zero for:

A. Solution B. Pure solvent
C. Gas D. Solid

32. Assertion: Boiling point increases on adding solute

Reason: Vapour pressure decreases
Choose the most appropriate answer-
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct
explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct
explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) Assertion and reason are false

[Link]: ΔTb depends on nature of solute

Reason: Colligative properties depend on number of particles
Choose the most appropriate answer-
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct
explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct
explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) Assertion and reason are false

34. Assertion: Kb is constant for a solvent

Reason: It depends on solvent properties
Choose the most appropriate answer-
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct
explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct
explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) Assertion and reason are false

35. Assertion: Molality depends on temperature

Reason: Mass changes with temperature
Choose the most appropriate answer-
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct
explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct
explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) Assertion and reason are false

36. Assertion: Vapour pressure lowering causes boiling point

elevation
Reason: More temperature needed to reach atmospheric pressure
Choose the most appropriate answer-
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct
explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct
explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) Assertion and reason are false.

37. If 1 g of solute (molar mass = 50 g mol^-1) is dissolved in 50 g of

solvent and the elevation in boiling point is 1 K. The molar boiling
constant of the solvent is:
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 2.5
(d) 5

38. Colligative properties depend on ________.

(a) the nature of the solute particles dissolved in solution
(b) the number of solute particles in solution
(c) the physical properties of the solute particles dissolved in solution
(d) the nature of solvent particles

39. Which of the following aqueous solutions should have the highest
boiling point?
(a) 1.0 M NaOH
(b) 1.0 M Na2SO4
(c) 1.0 M NH4NO3
(d) 1.0 M KNO3

40. The unit of ebullioscopic constant is ________.

(a) K kg mol-1 or K (molality) -1
(b) mol kg K-1 or K-1 (molality)
(c) kg mol-1 K-1 or K-1 (molality) -1
(d) K mol kg-1 or K (molality)
MCQ Answer Key
1-A 2-C 3-B 4-C
5-C 6-C 7-C 8-B
9-B 10 - B 11 - B 12 - B
13 - B 14 - A 15 - B 16 - B
17 - A 18 - A 19 - B 20 - C
21 - C 22 - A 23 - B 24 - B
25 - B 26 - C 27 - A 28 - A
29 - B 30 - B 31 - B 32 - a
33 - d 34 - a 35 - d 36 - a
37 - c 38 - b 39 - b 40 - a
Depression in Freezing point

Theoretical Question.

Questions carrying 1 marks each.

1. Define freezing point.
2. What is depression in freezing point?
3. What is Kf? What is the Unit of Kf?
4. What is cryoscopic constant?
5. Why freezing point decreases?
6. Does Kf depend on solute?
7. Derive relation ΔTf ∝ m.
8. Why non-volatile solute lowers freezing point?
9. Explain cryoscopic constant with unit.
10.
Questions carrying 2 marks each.
1. How is molar mass determined using ΔTf?
2. What is effect of solute particles on ΔTf?
3. Derive expression for molar mass using freezing point
depression.
4. Explain practical applications of ΔTf.
5. 45 g of ethylene glycol (C2 H6 O2 ) is mixed with 600 g of
water. Calculate (a) the freezing point depression and (b) the
freezing point of the solution.
6. 1.00 g of a non-electrolyte solute dissolved in 50 g of
benzene lowered the freezing point of benzene by 0.40 K.
The freezing point depression constant of benzene is 5.12 K
kg mol–1. Find the molar mass of the solute.
7. 45 g of ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) is mixed with 600 g of
water. Calculate (i) the freezing point depression (it) the
freezing point of the solution (K, for water = 1.86 K kg mol-
1
).
8. Addition of 0.648 g of a compound to 50 mL of benzene
(density 0.879 g/mL) lowers the freezing point from 5.51°C
to 5.03°C. If K, for benzene is 5.12 K kg mol -1, calculate the
molar mass of the compound.
9. 1.02 g of urea when dissolved in 98.5 g of certain solvent
decreases its freezing point by 0.211 K. 1.60 g of unknown
compound when dissolved in 86.0 g of the same solvent
depresses the freezing point by 0.34 K. Calculate the molar
mass of the unknown compound. (Molar mass of urea = 60 g
mol-1).
10. A 10% solution (by mass) of sucrose in water has freezing
point of 269.15 K. Calculate the freezing point of 10%
glucose in water, if freezing point of pure water is 273.15 K.
Given : (Molar mass of sucrose = 342 g mol-1) (Molar mass
of glucose = 180 g mol-1)
11. Calculate the mass of a compound (molar mass = 256 g
mol-1) to be dissolved in 75 g of benzene to lower its freezing
point by 0.48 K (Kf= 6.12 K kg mol-1)
12. 1.00 g of non-electrolyte solute dissolved in 60 g of
benzene lowered the freezing point of benzene by 0.40 K.
Find the molar mass of the solute. (Kf for benzene = 6.12 K
kg mol-1).
MCQs

1. Depression in freezing point occurs when:

A. Volatile solute is added B. Non-volatile solute is added
C. Gas is added D. Temperature increases

2. Freezing point is defined as:

A. Boiling temperature B. Temperature at which vapour
pressures of solid and liquid are equal
C. Melting point D. Critical temperature

3. ΔTf is equal to:

A. Tf – T°f B. T°f – Tf
C. Tf × T°f D. Tf / T°f

4. Depression in freezing point is:

A. Directly proportional to molarity B. Directly proportional to
molality
C. Inversely proportional to molality D. Independent of
concentration

5. Unit of Kf is:
A. K mol kg⁻¹ B. K kg mol⁻¹
C. mol kg⁻¹ D. K

6. Colligative properties depend on:

A. Nature of solute B. Number of solute particles
C. Temperature D. Pressure

7. Kf depends on:
A. Solute B. Solvent
C. Both D. Temperature only

8. When solute is added, vapour pressure:

A. Increases B. Decreases
C. Remains same D. Becomes zero
9. Formula for depression:
A. ΔTf = Kf / m B. ΔTf = Kf × m
C. ΔTf = m / Kf D. ΔTf = Kf + m

10. Cryoscopic constant is:

A. Kb B. Kf
C. R D. T

11. Freezing point decreases because:

A. Vapour pressure increases B. Vapour pressure decreases
C. Solvent freezes faster D. Temperature increases

10. Kf value is highest for:

A. Water B. Carbon tetrachloride
C. Ether D. Ethanol

11. ΔTf depends on:

A. Nature of solvent B. Concentration
C. Both D. None

12. Freezing point of solution is:

A. Higher B. Lower
C. Same D. Zero

13. Cryoscopic constant is:

A. Constant for all solvents B. Depends on solvent
C. Depends on solute D. Depends on pressure

14. Addition of solute makes solution:

A. Freeze earlier B. Freeze later
C. No change D. Boil instantly

15. ΔTf is:

A. Negative B. Positive
C. Zero D. Infinite
16. Kf is used to find:
A. Density B. Molar mass
C. Volume D. Pressure

17. If m = 1 mol/kg, ΔTf = ?

A. Kf B. 2Kf
C. 1/Kf D. 0

18. If ΔTf doubles, molality:

A. Doubles B. Halves
C. Same D. Zero

19. If Kf increases:
A. ΔTf increases B. ΔTf decreases
C. No change D. Zero

20. Freezing point depression is an example of:

A. Chemical property B. Colligative property
C. Physical property D. Intensive property

21. More particles → ΔTf:

A. Decreases B. Increases
C. Same D. Zero

22. Electrolytes show:

A. Less ΔTf B. More ΔTf
C. Same ΔTf D. Zero ΔTf

23. Tf must be in:

A. °C B. K
C. °F D. Any

24. Cryoscopic method finds:

A. Volume B. Density
C. Molar mass D. Pressure
25. 2 g of sugar is added to one litre of water to give sugar solution.
What is the effect of addition of sugar on the boiling point and
freezing point of water?
(a) Both boiling point and freezing point increase.
(b) Both boiling point and freezing point decrease.
(c) Boiling point increases and freezing point decreases.
(d) Boiling point decreases and freezing point increases.

26. Sprinkling of salt helps in clearing the snow covered roads in

hills. The phenomenon involved in the process is
(a) lowering in vapour pressure of snow
(b) depression in freezing point of snow
(c) increase in freezing point of snow
(d) melting of ice due to increase in temperature by putting salt.
27. Equimolal solutions in the same solvent have
(a) same elevation in boiling point and same depression in freezing
point
(b) different elevation in boiling point and different depression in
freezing point
(c) same elevation in boiling point but different depression in freezing
point
(d) same depression in freezing point but different elevation in boiling
point.
28. A 5% solution (w/v) of cane sugar (molar mass = 342 g mol⁻¹) has
freezing point 271 K. What will be the freezing point of 5% glucose
(molar mass = 180 g mol⁻¹) in water if freezing point of pure water is
273.15 K?
(a) 273.07 K (b) 269.07 K (c) 273.15 K (d) 260
29. What weight of glycerol should be added to 600 g of water in
order to lower its freezing point by 10°C? (Kf = 1.86 °C m⁻¹)
(a) 496 g (b) 297 g (c) 310 g (d) 426 g

MCQ Answer Key (Depression in Freezing Point)

1-B 2-B 3-B 4-B
5-B 6-B 7-B 8-B
9-B 10 - B 11 - B 12 - B
13 - B 14 - B 15 - B 16 - B
17 - A 18 - A 19 - A 20 - B
21 - B 22 - B 23 - B 24 - C
25 - C 26 - B 27 - A 28 - B
29 - B
 1. Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure
2. Reverse Osmosis and Water Purification
3. Biological significance of osmosis
4. Isotonic solutions, Hypertonic and hypotonie solutions

Theoretical Questions

Questions carrying 1 marks each

1. Define osmosis.
2. Define osmotic pressure.
3. What is a semipermeable membrane?
4. State the direction of solvent flow in osmosis.
5. Write the formula for osmotic pressure.
6. Name one example of a semipermeable membrane.
7. What happens to cells in hypotonic solution?
8. What happens to cells in hypertonic solution?
9. Define isotonic solution.
10. What is reverse osmosis?
11. Write one use of reverse osmosis.
12. What is the SI unit of osmotic pressure?
13. State relation between osmotic pressure and molarity.
14. What is normal saline solution?
15. Write one biological example of osmosis.
16. What is the role of temperature in osmotic pressure?
17. What is desalination?
18. What is edema?

Questions carrying 2 marks each.

1. Explain osmosis with one daily life example.

2. Define osmotic pressure and write its significance.
3. Why is osmotic pressure called a colligative property?
4. Explain the function of semipermeable membrane.
5. What happens when plant cells are placed in hypertonic
solution?
6. What happens when plant cells are placed in hypotonic
solution?
7. What is isotonic solution? Give one example.
8. Explain why osmotic pressure depends on number of solute
particles.
9. Write two applications of osmosis.
10. What is reverse osmosis? Write its condition.
11. Explain desalination of seawater briefly.
12. What is the effect of temperature on osmotic pressure?
13. What happens to RBC in hypertonic solution?
14. What happens to RBC in hypotonic solution?
15. What is normal saline? Why is it used in injections?
16. Why do pickled mangoes shrink?
17. Write two uses of reverse osmosis.
18. Explain isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic solutions with
examples.
19. Describe the biological importance of osmosis.
20. Derive the formula used for determination of molar mass
using osmotic pressure.
21. Explain reverse osmosis with diagram and applications.
22. Explain why osmotic pressure is directly proportional to
temperature.
Numerical Problems.
1. 200 cm3 of an aqueous solution of a protein contains 1.26 g of
the protein. The osmotic pressure of such a solution at 300 K is
found to be 2.57 × 10-3 bar. Calculate the molar mass of the
protein.
2. If 1.71 g of sugar (molar mass = 342) are dissolved in 500 cm3
of a solution at 300 K, what will be its osmotic pressure? (R =
0.083 L bar K-1 mol-1)
3. Calculate the osmotic pressure of a solution obtained by mixing
100 mL of 3.4 percent solution of urea (mol. mass = 60) and 100
mL of 1.6 percent solution of cane sugar (mol. mass = 342) at
293 K. (R = 0.088 L bar K-1 mol-1).
4. A solution containing 15 g urea (molar mass = 60 g mol) per
litre of solution in water has the same osmotic pressure
(isotonic) as a solution of glucose (molar mass = 180 g mol-1) in
water. Calculate the mass of glucose present in one litre of tts
solution
MCQs

1. Osmosis is the movement of:

A) Solute from concentrated to dilute solution
B) Solvent from dilute to concentrated solution through a
semipermeable membrane
C) Both solute and solvent
D) Gas molecules

2. A semipermeable membrane allows:

A) Only solute to pass B) Only solvent to pass
C) Both solute and solvent D) Neither

3. Osmotic pressure is defined as:

A) Pressure required to initiate osmosis
B) Pressure required to stop osmosis
C) Atmospheric pressure
D) Vapour pressure

4. The unit of osmotic pressure in SI system is:

A) atm B) bar
C) Pascal D) torr

5. Osmotic pressure is a:
A) Chemical property B) Colligative property
C) Mechanical property D) Intensive property

6. Osmotic pressure depends upon:

A) Nature of solute B) Number of solute particles
C) Colour of solution D) Shape of container

7. The correct formula for osmotic pressure is:

A) PV = nRT B) Π = CRT
C) V = IR D) F = ma
8. In the equation Π = CRT, C represents:
A) Volume B) Molarity
C) Density D) Pressure

9. Two solutions having equal osmotic pressure are called:

A) Hypertonic B) Hypotonic
C) Isotonic D) Ideal

10. A solution with higher solute concentration is called:

A) Hypotonic B) Hypertonic
C) Isotonic D) Dilute

11. A solution with lower solute concentration is:

A) Hypertonic B) Hypotonic
C) Isotonic D) Concentrated

12. Red blood cells shrink in:

A) Hypotonic solution B) Hypertonic solution
C) Isotonic solution D) Pure water

13. Red blood cells swell in:

A) Hypertonic solution B) Hypotonic solution
C) Isotonic solution D) Saturated solution

14. Normal saline contains:

A) 9% NaCl B) 0.9% NaCl
C) 1% NaCl D) 5% NaCl

15. Osmosis continues until:

A) Temperature increases B) Equilibrium is reached
C) Pressure decreases D) Volume changes

16. Osmotic pressure increases with:

A) Volume B) Temperature
C) Colour D) Density
17. Reverse osmosis occurs when:
A) External pressure < osmotic pressure
B) External pressure = osmotic pressure
C) External pressure > osmotic pressure
D) No pressure applied

18. Reverse osmosis is used in:

A) Distillation B) Desalination of seawater
C) Sublimation D) Crystallization

19. Membrane used in reverse osmosis is generally:

A) Rubber B) Cellulose acetate
C) Iron D) Copper

20. Osmosis is a:
A) Chemical reaction B) Physical process
C) Nuclear process D) Mechanical process

21. Water enters plant roots by:

A) Diffusion B) Osmosis
C) Filtration D) Condensation

22. Shrinking of cells in hypertonic solution is called:

A) Diffusion B) Plasmolysis
C) Turgidity D) Filtration

23. Swelling of cells is known as:

A) Plasmolysis B) Turgidity
C) Diffusion D) Evaporation

24. Osmotic pressure is maximum in:

A) Dilute solution B) Concentrated solution
C) Pure solvent D) Gas
25. Osmotic pressure is directly proportional to:
A) Volume B) Temperature
C) Pressure D) Density

26. Equation ΠV = nRT is similar to:

A) Boyle’s law B) Ideal gas equation
C) Charles law D) Dalton law

27. Osmosis requires:

A) Catalyst B) Semipermeable membrane
C) High temperature D) High pressure

28. Pickles shrink due to:

A) Diffusion B) Osmosis
C) Filtration D) Evaporation

29. Edema is:

A) Loss of water B) Accumulation of fluid in tissues
C) Diffusion D) Sublimation

30. Osmotic pressure helps determine:

A) Density B) Molar mass
C) Volume D) Pressure

31. Solvent moves toward:

A) Lower concentration B) Higher concentration
C) Equal concentration D) Random direction

32. Osmosis stops when:

A) Pressure increases B) Equilibrium is reached
C) Temperature decreases D) Volume changes

33. Cellophane acts as:

A) Permeable membrane B) Semipermeable membrane
C) Impermeable membrane D) Solid barrier
34. Osmosis is:
A) Active process B) Passive process
C) Chemical reaction D) Mechanical work

35. Reverse osmosis produces:

A) Impure water B) Pure water
C) Salt solution D) Vapour

36. Salt preserves food by:

A) Diffusion B) Osmosis
C) Filtration D) Evaporation

37. Osmotic pressure depends on:

A) Nature of solvent B) Number of solute particles
C) Shape of container D) Colour

38. Pure solvent has osmotic pressure:

A) Maximum B) Minimum
C) Zero D) Infinite

39. Increase in molarity leads to:

A) Decrease in Π B) Increase in Π
C) No change D) Random change

40. Osmosis occurs mainly in:

A) Solids B) Liquids
C) Gases D) Plasma

41. Semipermeable membrane contains:

A) Large pores B) No pores
C) Microscopic pores D) Metallic pores

42. Water leaves cells in:

A) Hypotonic solution B) Hypertonic solution
C) Isotonic solution D) Pure solvent
43. Water enters cells in:
A) Hypertonic solution B) Hypotonic solution
C) Isotonic solution D) Concentrated solution

44. Osmotic pressure is useful for:

A) Determining boiling point
B) Determining molar mass of macromolecules
C) Measuring density
D) Measuring temperature

45. Reverse osmosis requires:

A) Low pressure B) High pressure
C) No pressure D) Medium pressure

46. Osmosis is important in:

A) Machines B) Living cells
C) Metals D) Rocks

47. Solvent flow direction depends on:

A) Temperature only B) Concentration difference
C) Colour D) Pressure only

48. Osmotic pressure is:

A) Independent of temperature
B) Directly proportional to temperature
C) Inversely proportional
D) Independent of concentration

49. Diffusion differs from osmosis because:

A) No movement occurs B) Membrane is not required
C) Solvent is not involved D) Pressure is required

50. Osmosis is essential for:

A) Rocks B) Living organisms
C) Machines D) Metals
Options: A) Both true, R explains A
B) Both true, R not explanation
C) A true, R false
D) A false, R true

51. Assertion: Osmosis involves movement of solvent.

Reason: Solute cannot pass through semipermeable membrane.
Choose the most appropriate answer-
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct
explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct
explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) Assertion and reason are false.

52.
Assertion: Osmotic pressure is a colligative property.
Reason: It depends on number of solute particles.
Choose the most appropriate answer-
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct
explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct
explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) Assertion and reason are false.

53. Assertion: Hypertonic solutions shrink cells.

Reason: Water moves out of cells.
Choose the most appropriate answer-
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct
explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct
explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) Assertion and reason are false.
54.
Assertion: Hypotonic solution causes swelling.
Reason: Water enters cells.
Choose the most appropriate answer-
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct
explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct
explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) Assertion and reason are false.

55.
Assertion: Osmosis requires semipermeable membrane.
Reason: It allows only solvent passage.
Choose the most appropriate answer-
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct
explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct
explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) Assertion and reason are false.

56. Assertion: Reverse osmosis purifies water.

Reason: Pressure forces solvent opposite to osmotic flow.
Choose the most appropriate answer-
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct
explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct
explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) Assertion and reason are false.

57.
Assertion: Osmotic pressure increases with temperature.
Reason: Molecular motion increases.
Choose the most appropriate answer-
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct
explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct
explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) Assertion and reason are false.

58.
Assertion: Isotonic solutions show no net osmosis.
Reason: Their osmotic pressures are equal.
Choose the most appropriate answer-
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct
explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct
explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) Assertion and reason are false.

59. Assertion: Osmosis is a chemical reaction.

Reason: New substances are formed.
Choose the most appropriate answer-
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct
explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct
explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) Assertion and reason are false.

60. Assertion: Osmotic pressure helps determine molar mass.

Reason: It depends on number of particles.
Choose the most appropriate answer-
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct
explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct
explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) Assertion and reason are false.
61. The osmotic pressure of a solution can be increased by
(a) increasing the volume
(b) increasing the number of solute molecules
(c) decreasing the temperature
(d) removing semipermeable membrane.

62. People taking lot of salt experience puffiness or swelling of the

body due to
(a) water retention in tissue cells and intercellular spaces because of
osmosis
(b) water loss from the cells through skin tissues
(c) capillary action of water through skin pores
(d) excessive thirst and drinking more water.
63. The preservation of meat by salting and of fruits by adding sugar
protects them from bacterial action because
(a) bacteria die of eating sugar or salt
(b) due to osmosis bacteria lose water on salted meat or candied fruit
and die
(c) due to osmosis bacteria gain water on salted meat or candied fruit
and die
(d) bacteria get stuck to the salt and sugar layers and die.

64. Sea water is desalinated to get fresh water by which of the

following methods?
(a) When pressure more than osmotic pressure is applied pure water is
squeezed out of sea water by reverse osmosis.
(b) When excess pressure is applied on sea water pure water moves in
by osmosis.
(c) Water moves out from sea water due to osmosis.
(d) Salt is precipitated from sea water when kept undisturbed for
sometime.
65. Which of the following statements is correct about diffusion and
osmosis?
(i) In osmosis, a semipermeable membrane is used while diffusion is
without membrane.
(ii) In osmosis, movement of molecules occurs in one direction while
in diffusion, movement occurs in all directions.
(iii) In osmosis, only the solvent moves while in diffusion both solute
and solvent move.
(a) Only (i) and (ii)
(b) Only (i)
(c) Only (ii) and (iii)
(d) (i), (ii) and (iii)
66. For carrying reverse osmosis for desalination of water the material
used for making semipermeable membrane is
(a) potassium nitrate
(b) parchment membrane
(c) cellulose acetate
(d) cell membrane.
67. Which of the following is not an industrial or biological
importance of osmosis?
(a) Movement of water from soil into plant roots and upper portion of
plant.
(b) Salting of meat to prevent bacterial action.
(c) Reverse osmosis for desalination of sea water.
(d) Filling of ink in a fountain pen.
68. A plant cell shrinks when it is kept in a
(a) hypotonic solution (b) hypertonic solution
(c) isotonic solution (d) pure water.

69. An unripe mango placed in a concentrated salt solution to prepare

pickle, shrivels because ________.
(a) it gains water due to osmosis
(b) it loses water due to reverse osmosis
(c) it gains water due to reverse osmosis
(d) it loses water due to osmosis

70. At a given temperature, osmotic pressure of a concentrated

solution of a substance ________.
(a) is higher than that at a dilute solution
(b) is lower than that of a dilute solution
(c) is same as that of a dilute solution
(d) cannot be compared with osmotic pressure of dilute solution
71. Which of the following statements is false?
(a) Two different solutions of sucrose of same molality prepared in
different solvents will have the same depression in freezing point.
(b) The osmotic pressure of a solution is given by the equation π =
CRT (where C is the molarity of the solution).
(c) Decreasing order of osmotic pressure for 0.01 M aqueous
solutions of barium chloride, potassium chloride, acetic acid and
sucrose is BaCl2 > KCl > CH3COOH > sucrose.
(d) According to Raoult’s law, the vapour pressure exerted by a
volatile component of a solution is directly proportional to its mole
fraction in the solution.

72. Which of the following statements is false?

(a) Units of atmospheric pressure and osmotic pressure are the same.
(b) In reverse osmosis, solvent molecules move through a
semipermeable membrane from a region of lower concentration of
solute to a region of higher concentration.
(c) The value of molal depression constant depends on nature of
solvent.
(d) Relative lowering of vapour pressure is a dimensionless quantity.

73. Assertion: Osmosis does not take place in two isotonic solutions
separated by semipermeable membrane.
Reason: Isotonic solutions have same osmotic pressure.
Choose the most appropriate answer-
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct
explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct
explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) Assertion and reason are false.
MCQ Answer Key (Osmosis)
1-B 2-B 3-B 4-C
5-B 6-B 7-B 8-B
9-C 10 - B 11 - B 12 - B
13 - B 14 - B 15 - B 16 - B
17 - C 18 - B 19 - B 20 - B
21 - B 22 - B 23 - B 24 - B
25 - B 26 - B 27 - B 28 - B
29 - B 30 - B 31 - B 32 - B
33 - B 34 - B 35 - B 36 - B
37 - B 38 - C 39 - B 40 - B
41 - B 42 - C 43 - B 44 - B
45 - B 46 - B 47 - B 48 - B
49 - B 50 - B 51 - a 52 - a
53 - a 54 - a 55 - a 56 - a
57 - a 58 - a 59 - d 60 - a
61 - b 62 - a 63 - b 64 - a
65 - d 66 - c 67 - d 68 - b
69 - d 70 - a 71 - a 72 - a
73 - a
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 1. Abnormal Molar Mass.
2. Van’t Hoff Factor

Theoretical Questions.

Questions carrying 1 marks each

1. Define abnormal molar mass.
2. Define van’t Hoff factor.
3. What is dimerisation?
4. What happens to i in association?
5. What happens to i in dissociation?
6. Define degree of dissociation.
7. Explain abnormal molar mass with example.
8. Why does acetic acid dimerise in benzene?
9. Why does dissociation increase i?
10. Why does association decrease i?
11. What happens to i on dilution?
12. Discuss importance of van’t Hoff factor.
Questions carrying 2 marks each.
1. Calculate the boiling point of solution when 2 g of Na2SO4 (M =
142 g mol-1) was dissolved in 50 g of water, assuming Na2SO4
undergoes complete ionization. (K, for water = 0.52 K kg mol-1.

2. Calculate the amount of CaCl2, (molar mass = 111 g mol) which

must be added to 500 g of water to lower its freezing point by
2K, assuming CaCl2, is completely dissociated. (K, for water =
1.86K kg mol-1).

3. The freezing point of a solution containing 0.3 g of acetic acid

in 30.0 g of benzene is lowered by 0.45°. Calculate Van't Hoff
factor. (K, for benzene = 5.12 K kg mol-1).
MCQs

1. Abnormal molar mass arises due to:

A) Temperature change B) Association/dissociation
C) Pressure change D) Volume change

2. van’t Hoff factor is denoted by:

A) k B) i
C) m D) n

3. For dissociation, value of i is:

A) = 1 B) < 1
C) > 1 D) 0

4. For association, i is:

A) > 1 B) < 1
C) = 2 D) Infinite

5. KCl in water shows:

A) Association B) Dissociation
C) Polymerisation D) Neutralisation

6. Number of particles increases in:

A) Association B) Dissociation
C) Both D) None

7. Ethanoic acid dimerises in:

A) Water B) Benzene
C) Alcohol D) Ether

8. Dimerisation reduces:
A) Mass B) Number of particles
C) Volume D) Density

9. Relation of i with molar mass:

A) i = abnormal/normal B) i = normal/abnormal
C) i = sum D) i = product
10. If no association/dissociation:
A) i > 1 B) i < 1
C) i = 1 D) i = 0

11. K₂SO₄ gives how many ions?

A) 2 B) 3
C) 4 D) 1

12. NaCl ideal value of i:

A) 1 B) 2
C) 3 D) 4

13. Colligative properties depend on:

A) Nature B) Number of particles
C) Volume D) Density

14. Boiling point elevation formula:

A) ΔTb = Kf m B) ΔTb = iKb m
C) ΔTb = iKf m D) ΔTb = Kb

15. Freezing point depression formula:

A) ΔTf = iKf m B) ΔTf = Kb m
C) ΔTf = iKb D) ΔTf = m

16. Osmotic pressure formula:

A) π = nRT B) π = i nRT/V
C) π = mRT D) π = KRT

17. When i = 2, process is:

A) Association B) Dissociation
C) Neutral D) Polymerisation

18. Electrolytes show:

A) Association B) Dissociation
C) No change D) None
19. Weak electrolytes show:
A) Complete dissociation B) Partial dissociation
C) Association D) No change

20. If i = 0.5, process is:

A) Dissociation B) Association
C) Neutral D) Ionisation

21. Dimerisation leads to:

A) Double particles B) Half particles
C) Same particles D) Triple particles

22. For KCl, i ≈

A) 1 B) 2
C) 3 D) 0.5

23. As dilution increases, i:

A) Decreases B) Increases
C) Constant D) Zero

24. Association occurs in:

A) High dielectric solvent B) Low dielectric solvent
C) Water D) Ionic solvent

25. If i = 1.041, process is:

A) Association B) Dissociation
C) Neutral D) No reaction

26. Degree of dissociation increases with:

A) Concentration B) Dilution
C) Temperature decrease D) Pressure

27. Abnormal molar mass is:

A) Theoretical B) Experimental
C) Molecular D) Atomic
28. Association reduces:
A) I B) m
C) n D) K

29. Dissociation increases:

A) I B) Mass
C) Volume D) Density

30. MgSO₄ ideal i:

A) 1 B) 2
C) 3 D) 4

31. Observed i < theoretical means:

A) Complete dissociation B) Association
C) No change D) Ideal

32. In K₂SO₄, i tends to:

A) 1 B) 2
C) 3 D) 4
33. van’t Hoff factor depends on:
A) Solvent B) Solute
C) Both D) Temperature only

34. If normal molar mass = 100, abnormal = 50, i =

A) 0.5 B) 2
C) 1 D) 100

35. If i = 2, particles become:

A) Half B) Double
C) Same D) Triple

36. If ΔTf doubles, i becomes:

A) Half B) Double
C) Same D) Zero
37. Dimerisation gives i =
A) 1 B) 2
C) 0.5 D) 3
38. KCl dissociates into:
A) 1 ion B) 2 ions
C) 3 ions D) 4 ions

39. For strong electrolyte, i is:

A) <1 B) >1
C) =1 D) 0

40. Abnormal molar mass can be:

A) Higher B) Lower
C) Both D) None

41. If particles decrease, i:

A) >1 B) <1
C) =1 D) Infinite

42. van’t Hoff factor corrects:

A) Temperature B) Pressure
C) Colligative properties D) Volume

43. Why is the molecular mass determined by measuring colligative

property in case of some solutes is abnormal?
(a) Due to association or dissociation of solute molecules.
(b) Due to insolubility of solute molecules.
(c) Due to decomposition of solute molecules.
(d) Due to large size of solute molecules.
44.
88. Which of the following will have same value of van’t Hoff factor
as that of K₄[Fe(CN)₆]?
(a) Al₂(SO₄)₃ (b) AlCl₃ (c) Al(NO₃)₃ (d) Al(OH)₃
45. Arrange the following aqueous solutions in the order of their
increasing boiling points
(i) 10⁻⁴ M NaCl
(ii) 10⁻⁴ M urea
(iii) 10⁻³ M MgCl₂
(iv) 10⁻² M NaCl
(a) (i) < (ii) < (iv) < (iii)
(b) (ii) < (i) = (iii) < (iv)
(c) (ii) < (i) < (iii) < (iv)
(d) (iv) < (iii) < (i) = (ii)
46. Which of the following has the highest freezing point?
(a) 1 m NaCl solution
(b) 1 m KCl solution
(c) 1 m AlCl₃ solution
(d) 1 m C₆H₁₂O₆ solution

47. If α is the degree of dissociation of Na₂SO₄, the van’t Hoff factor

(i) used for calculating the molecular mass is
(a) 1 + α
(b) 1 + 2α
(c) 1 − α
(d) 1 − 2α
48. For which of the following solutes the van’t Hoff factor is not
greater than one?
(a) NaNO₃ (b) BaCl₂ (c) K₄[Fe(CN)₆] (d) NH₂CONH₂
49. What amount of CaCl₂ (i = 2.47) is dissolved in 2 litres of water
so that its osmotic pressure is 0.5 atm at 27°C?
(a) 3.42 g (b) 9.24 g (c) 2.834 g (d) 1.820 g
50. What will be the freezing point of a 0.5 m KCl solution? The
molal freezing point constant of water is 1.86 °C m⁻¹.
(a) −1.86°C (b) −0.372°C (c) −3.2°C (d) 0°C
51. In comparison to a 0.01 M solution of glucose, the depression in
freezing point of a 0.01 M MgCl2 solution is
(a) the same
(b) about twice
(c) about three times
(d) about six times
52. The values of van’t Hoff factors for KCl, NaCl and K2SO4,
respectively, are ________.
(a) 2, 2 and 2
(b) 2, 2 and 3
(c) 1, 1 and 2
(d) 1, 1 and 1

53. Assertion: 1 M solution of KCl has greater osmotic pressure than

1 M solution of glucose at the same temperature.
Reason: In solution KCl dissociates to produce more number of
particles.
Choose the most appropriate answer-
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct
explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct
explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) Assertion and reason are false.

MCQ Answer Key (Abnormal Molar Mass)

1. B 2. B 3. C 4. B
5. B 6. B 7. B 8. B
9. B 10. C 11. B 12. B
13. B 14. B 15. A 16. B
17. B 18. B 19. B 20. B
21. B 22. B 23. B 24. B
25. B 26. B 27. B 28. A
29. A 30. B 31. B 32. C
33. C 34. B 35. B 36. B
37. C 38. B 39. B 40. C
41. B 42. C 43. a 44. a
45. c 46. d 47. b 48. d
49. d 50. a 51. c 52. b
53. a