Shri ram ashram public school, the mall, amRITSAR
(Managed by Shri Ram Educational Society, Amritsar (Regd))
HOLIDAY HOMEWORK
CHEMISTRY ASSIGNMENT
CLASS 12
Instructions: Do all Holiday Homework in a separate notebook designated for Holiday
Homework only.
Chapter: Solutions
1. Shweta mixed two liquids A and B of 10 mL each. After mixing, the volume of
the solution was found to be 20.2 ml.
(i)Why was there a volume change after mixing the liquids?
(ii) Will there be an increase or decrease of temperature after mixing?
(iii) Give one example for this type of solution.
2. A glucose solution which boils at 101.04°C at 1 atm. What will be relative
lowering of vapour pressure of an aqueous solution of urea which is equimolal to
given glucose solution?
(Given: Kb for water is 0.52 K kg mol-1).
3. Two solutions have identical concentrations:
Solution X contains urea. Solution Y contains CaCl₂.
A student predicts that both solutions will have the same boiling point elevation.
Do you agree? Explain with calculations and reasoning.
4. Two compounds X and Y contain the same elements.
Experimental data:
Compound Mass Dissolved Solvent Mass ΔTf
X 1g 50 g benzene 1.02 K
Y 1g 50 g benzene 0.51 K
Kf = 5.1 K kg mol⁻¹
Further analysis shows: X is monomeric and Y is associated.
Determine:
a) Molecular mass of X.
b) Molecular mass of Y.
c) Van't Hoff factor of Y.
d) Degree of association if Y forms dimers.
e) Explain why colligative properties can reveal molecular structure.
5. Two elements A and B form compounds having formulas AB2 and AB4. When
dissolved in 20 g of benzene (C6H6), 1 g of AB2 lowers the freezing point by 2.3 K,
whereas 1.0 g of AB4 lowers it by 1.3 K. The molar depression constant for
benzene is 5.1 K kg mol–1. Calculate the atomic masses of A and B.
6. The freezing point of a solution containing 5 g of benzoic acid (M=122 g mol-1)
in 35 g of benzene is depressed by 2.94 K. What is the percentage association of
benzoic acid if it forms a dimer in solution? (Kf for benzene 4.9 K kg mol –1)
7. (a) (i) Ishan's automobile radiator is filled with 1.0 kg of water. How many grams
of ethylene glycol (Molar mass = 62 g mol–1) must Ishan add to get the freezing
point of the solution lowered to 2.8°C. Kf for water is 1.86 K kg. mol–1.
(ii) What type of deviation from Raoult's law is shown by ethanol and acetone
mixture? Give reason.
8. (i) The vapour pressures of A and B at 25°C are 75 mm Hg and 25 mm Hg,
respectively. If A and B are mixed such that the mole fraction of A in the mixture is
0.4, then calculate the mole fraction of B in vapour phase.
(ii) Define colligative property. Which colligative property is preferred for the
molar mass determination of macromolecules?
(iii) Why are equimolar solutions of sodium chloride and glucose not isotonic?.
9. Liquids X and Y form an ideal solution. The vapour pressures of pure X and pure
Y are 120 mm Hg and 160 mm Hg respectively. Calculate the vapour pressure of
the solution containing equal moles of X and Y.
10. An organic compound X contains only carbon and hydrogen. Its empirical
formula is CH₂. A solution is prepared by dissolving 4.2 g of X in 100 g benzene.
The depression in freezing point of benzene is found to be 2.6 K.
Given: Kf (benzene)=5.2 K kg mol−1
Further studies show that in benzene, X undergoes association to form dimers.
Answer the following:
(a)Calculate the observed molar mass of X from the freezing point depression
data.
(b) If the actual molar mass of X is found to be 56 g mol⁻¹, calculate the Van't Hoff
factor.
(c)Determine the degree of association of X assuming dimer formation.
(d) Using the empirical formula, determine the molecular formula of X.
(e)Predict how the following properties would change if X did not associate in
benzene: Depression in freezing point, osmotic pressure and boiling point
elevation.
Chapter: haloalkanes and haloalkenes
1. (a) What type of nucleophilic substitution (SN1 or SN2) occurs in the hydrolysis
of 2-Bromobutane to form (±)-Butan-2-ol? Give reason.
(b) What happens when chlorobenzene and methyl chloride are treated with
sodium metal in dry ether?
2. Give reasons for the following:
(a) Chlorine is ortho/para directing in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions,
though chlorine is an electron withdrawing group.
(b) Racemic mixture is optically inactive.
3. is more reactive towards SN2 displacement as compared to
4. Write the structures of A, B and C in the following reactions:
5. (a) Name the possible alkenes which will yield 1-chloro-1-methylcyclohexane on
their reaction with HCI. Write the reactions involved.
(b) Allyl chloride is hydrolysed more readily than n-propyl chloride. Why?
6. Among all the isomers of molecular formula C4H9Br. identify
(a) the one isomer which is optically active.
(b) the one isomer which is highly reactive towards SN2.
(c) the two isomers which give same product on dehydrohalogenation with
alcoholic KOH.
7. (a)Name the suitable alcohol and reagent, from which 2-chloro-2-methyl
propane can be prepared.
(b) Out of the chloromethane and fluoromethane, which one has higher dipole
moment and why?
8. Three compounds A, B and C have molecular formula C₄H₉Br.
Experimental observations:
Compound Observation
A: Gives fastest SN2 reaction
B: Gives racemic alcohol with aqueous KOH
C: Gives maximum alkene with alcoholic KOH
Answer:
(a)Identify A, B and C.
(b)Arrange in increasing order of SN1 reactivity.
(c)Arrange in increasing order of SN2 reactivity.
(d)Which compound is chiral?
(e)Why does B produce a racemic mixture?
9. An alcohol X gives immediate turbidity with Lucas reagent, whereas alcohol Y
gives turbidity only after heating.
Answer:
a) Identify the class of X and Y.
b) Explain the observations.
10. (a) Which compound in the given pair would undergo SN2 reaction at a faster
rate and why?
CH3-CH2-I and CH3-CH2- Br
(b) Arrange the following compounds in the increasing order of their boiling
points: Butane, 1-Bromobutane, 1-Iodobutane, 1-Chlorobutane
Chapter: Coordination compounds
1. Write IUPAC names of the following coordination compounds:
2.(i) What happens to the colour of complex [Ti (H2O)6] 3+ when heated
gradually?
(ii) Write the electronic configuration for d5 ion if ∆o < P.
(iii) Write the hybridization and magnetic behaviour of the complex [Ni(CO)4].
[Atomic number: Ni = 28]
3. a) What is meant by crystal field splitting energy? For a d4 ion, write the
configuration if (i)∆o < P and (ii) ∆o > P
(b) Explain why in tetrahedral coordination entities, low spin configurations are
rarely observed.
4. Answer the following about the complexes [FeF6] 3- and [Fe(CN)6]4- :(i) Write
the hybridization involved in each case.
(ii) Which of them is the outer orbital complex and which one is the inner
orbital complex?
(iii) Compare their magnetic behaviour.
[Atomic number: Fe = 26 ]
5. Answer the following questions:
(a) One mole of CrCl3 4H2O precipitates one mole of AgCl when treated with
excess of AgNO3 solution. Write (i) the structural formula of the complex, and
(ii) the secondary valency of Cr.
(b) What is the difference between a complex and a double salt?
(c) (i) Arrange the following complexes in the increasing order of conductivity
of their solution:
[Cr(NH3)3Cl3], [Cr(NH3)6] Cl3, [Cr(NH3)5Cl] Cl2
6. PtCl4.2KCl doesn't give precipitate of AgCl with AgNO3 solution. Write the
structural formula and IUPAC name of the complex.
7. Write the IUPAC name of the complex [Pt (en)2Cl2 ]2+ Draw the structure of
geometrical isomer of this complex which is optically inactive.
8. a. Which of the following is more stable complex and why?
[Co(NH3)6]3+ and [Co(en)3]3+
b. Why are low spin tetrahedral complexes not formed?
c. Give evidence that [Co(NH3)5Cl]SO4 and [Co(NH3)5SO4]Cl are ionization
isomers?
9. (a) Account for the different magnetic behavior of hexacyanoferrate (III) and
hexafluoroferrate (III).
(b) (i) What type of isomerism is shown by the complex [Cr (H2O)6]Cl3 ?
(ii) On the basis of CFT , write the electronic configuration for d4 ion if Δ 0 > P .
(iii) Write the hybridization and shape of [CoF6]3-.
10. A complex ion has the formula [Ni(CO)₄] and shows zero magnetic moment.
(a) What is the oxidation state of Ni in the complex?
(b) Predict the geometry of the complex.
(c) Explain why the compound is diamagnetic
Chapter: Electrochemistry
1. a) Write the cell reaction and calculate the e.m.f. of the following cell at 298
K:
b) Account for the following;
(i) Conductivity of CH3 COOH decreases on dilution.
[Link] emf of the following cell
3.(i) State Kohlrausch's law. Give any two applications of it.
(ii) Λo m NH4Cl Λo m NaOH and Λo m NaCl are 129.8, 217.4, and 108.9 SCm2 mol-
1
respectively. Molar conductivity of 1x10- 2 M solution of NH4OH is 9. SCm2
mol- 1
(iii) Calculate the degree of dissociation (a) of NH4OH solution at this
concentration.
4. Calculate Ecell of a galvanic cell in which the following reaction takes place at
25°C:
5. (i) The resistance of a conductivity cell containing 0.001 M KCl solution at
298 K is 1000 ohm. What is the cell constant if conductivity of 0.001 M KCI
solution at 298 K is 0.125 x10 - 3 Scm - 1?
(ii) What is the effect of temperature on the electrical conductance of metallic
conductor?