Units Part 1
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Physical Quantities
• A quantity that can be measured and expressed in numbers and units.
• Fundamental quantities
• The physical quantities which do not depend on any other physical
quantities for their measurements are known as fundamental quantities.
• Eg: mass, time , length etc
• Derived quantities
• Quantities which are derived from fundamental quantities.
• Eg: Area, Volume, Speed, Force etc. 2
Unit - Classification of unit system
• Unit
• The standard used for the measurement of a physical
quantity.
• Eg: metre, foot, inch for length; kilogram, pound for mass
• Classification
• Fundamental units and derived units.
• Fundamental units
• Units of Fundamental quantities.
• Derived units
• The units of physical quantities which can be expressed in
terms of fundamental units.
• E.g: area, volume, pressure, force etc.
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Systems of units
• There are four systems of units
• F.P.S, C.G.S, M.K.S and S.I
• F.P.S system
• This system was introduced in Britain.
• It is also known as British system of units.
• It is based on foot, pound and second as the fundamental units of
length, mass and time.
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Systems of units
• C.G.S system
• This system is a metric system.
• It is based on centimeter, gram and second as the
fundamental units of length, mass and time.
• M.K.S system
• This another metric system.
• It is based on meter, kilogram and second as the fundamental
units of length, mass and time. 5
Systems of units
• International System of units (SI)
• The modern form of the metric system.
• This system is called international system of units and
abbreviated as SI from its French name.
• It is the only system of measurement with an official status
in nearly every country in the world.
• Accepted and used throughout the scientific world.
• The SI unit consists of seven fundamental units and two 6
Fundamental quantities and S I units
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Fundamental quantities and units
• One meter
• The distance travelled by the light in 1/299,792,458 of a second in air
or vacuum.
• It is realistically represented by the shortest distance (at 0°C) between
two parallel lines engraved upon the polished surface of the Platinum-
Iridium bar, kept at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures
at Sevres near Paris.
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Fundamental quantities and units
• One kilogram
• The international kilogram may be defined as
the mass of the Platinum-Iridium cylinder, which
is also kept at the International Bureau of
Weights and Measures at Sevres near Paris.
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Fundamental quantities and units
• One second
• The fundamental unit of time for all the four systems is second, which
is 1/(24 × 60 × 60) = 1/86400 th of the mean solar day.
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Fundamental units of F.P.S, C.G.S, M.K.S and S.I
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Derived units of F.P.S, C.G.S, M.K.S and S.I
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Derived units of F.P.S, C.G.S, M.K.S and S.I
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Derived units of F.P.S, C.G.S, M.K.S and S.I
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Derived units of F.P.S, C.G.S, M.K.S and S.I
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Derived units of F.P.S, C.G.S, M.K.S and S.I
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Prefixes
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