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Geomorphic Processes Notes

Geomorphic processes are responsible for altering the Earth's surface, categorized into endogenic (internal) and exogenic (external) processes. Endogenic processes include slow movements like diastrophism and sudden movements such as volcanism and earthquakes, while exogenic processes involve weathering, mass movement, erosion, and deposition. In summary, endogenic processes build landforms, whereas exogenic processes wear them down.

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Geomorphic Processes Notes

Geomorphic processes are responsible for altering the Earth's surface, categorized into endogenic (internal) and exogenic (external) processes. Endogenic processes include slow movements like diastrophism and sudden movements such as volcanism and earthquakes, while exogenic processes involve weathering, mass movement, erosion, and deposition. In summary, endogenic processes build landforms, whereas exogenic processes wear them down.

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Geomorphic Processes Notes Geomorphic Processes: Processes responsible for changing the

shape of Earth's surface. Types:


1. Endogenic Processes (Internal Forces)
2. Exogenic Processes (External Forces)

Endogenic Processes Internal forces originating inside Earth. Responsible for building landforms.
A) Slow Movements (Diastrophism)
• Vertical Movements (Epeirogenic): Uplift or subsidence of continents causing continental building.
• Horizontal Movements (Orogenic): Mountain building movements.
- Compression Forces → Fold Mountains (e.g., Himalayas)
- Tension Forces → Fault Block Mountains B) Sudden Movements (Catastrophism)
• Volcanism: Movement of magma to the surface causing volcanic eruptions.
• Earthquakes: Sudden shaking due to release of energy in Earth's crust.

Exogenic Processes External processes driven by solar energy and gravity. They wear down
landforms. 1. Weathering
Breaking down of rocks in situ (without movement). Defined as mechanical disintegration and
chemical decomposition of rocks. Types of Weathering:
• Physical Weathering: Breakdown without chemical change.
• Chemical Weathering: Breakdown through chemical reactions.
• Biological Weathering: Caused by plants, animals, and humans. 2. Mass Movement
Downward movement of rock and soil under gravity.
• Rockfall
• Earth Flow
• Landslide 3. Erosion
Removal and transportation of weathered material.
Agents:
• Running Water
• Groundwater 4. Deposition
Laying down of eroded material when transporting agents lose energy.

Quick Revision Endogenic Processes = Build the Earth (mountains, uplift)


Exogenic Processes = Wear down and reshape the Earth (weathering, erosion)

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