Lesson 3 ( MODULE 3)
INSTRUMENMTAL DRAWING
INTRODUCTION
Instrumental Drawing is sometimes referred to as technical drawings, mechanical drawings
or working drawings that requires the use of necessary drawing instruments.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. To familiarize the students in all kinds of drafting instruments.
2. To enhance the student how to draw with the aid of instruments.
3. To familiarize the student in the functions of every instruments.
4. To . gain more techniques on how to use the different types of drawing instruments.
LECTURE DISCUSSION
BASIC INSTRUMENTS AND EQUIPMENT FOR DRAWING
Drafting Machines - A devise used extensively by draftsmen. It replaces the T- squares,
scale, triangle and protractor. The machine consists of two movable arms or links which
make it possible to locate the horizontal and vertical straightedges at any desire position. A
controlling or index head allows the scale for straightedges to be set at any angle. Its
Drafting Machine is not available. Drawing Board will do.
T-Square - used for drawing horizontal lines and for accurate mounting of drawing plates.
This is also used as guide to the triangles in drawing vertical and slanting lines.
32
Technical Pen - The most common pen used for inking the drawing instead of Ruling pen.
The thickness for the line drawn expressed in millimeter will depend on the size of the
technical pen needle.
Triangles - Used as guide for drawing vertical and inclined lines particularly at standard
angles 30”, 45” and 60” by placing these triangles firmly against the working edge of the T-
square.
French Curves – An instrument use as guide for drawing irregular curves that cannot be
performed by compass. A set of French Curve must at least three pieces.
Compass – Use for drawing arcs and circle. It has a fixed pin in one leg and the other has
an adjustable screw to hold lead, compass adaptor and pin to perform.
33
Divider – Use for transferring measurements or for dividing lines into any number of equal
parts.
Compass Adaptor – A devise that can be attach to the adjustable screw of the compass
for the purpose of holding technical pen.
Triangular Scale - To prepare technical drawings full size or to a variety of reduced or
enlarge sizes.
Templates – A rules type plastic tool with opening of different shapes and letters cut into it
to serve as guide by technical pen needle.
34
Protractor - Use for measuring angles. These are two types of protractor the semi-circular
and the circular type.
Pencil – It leads were classified as Hard (H) Medium – Soft (HB) and Soft (B). These lead
classifications are governed to some extent by the type of drawing made. Draftsmen often
prepare to use mechanical Pencil.
Eraser - Use for removing error line drawn by using pencil or ink without making much
damage to the drawing plates.
Erasing Shield - A rectangle thin sheet of metal or plastic with holes various shape shield
is used to protect the plate when removing error lines.
35
The scale – It is a measuring instrument and should not be used to draw lines. Scale are
availability in flat and triangular styles. The triangular style is the one most used in schools.
36
37