Data Analysis
Training
Facilitator
AUSTIN KINGS EZE
What is Data?
Data is Information
What is Data
Analysis?
Data analysis is the process of collecting, cleaning,
transforming and modeling data to discover useful
insights and information for decision making.
1 COLLECT DATA
The Data
Analysis Process 2 CLEAN DATA
3 ANALYZE DATA
5 Key Steps to Analyze Data
4 INTERPRET RESULTS
The data analysis process involves five key stages: Collecting data from various sources, Cleaning
data to ensure accuracy, Analyzing data to identify patterns, Interpreting results to draw
meaningful insights, and Visualizing findings to effectively communicate results.
5 VISUALIZE FINDINGS
Types of Data Analysis
Different Approaches for Different Goals
DESCRIPTIVE What Happened? DIAGNOSTIC Why Did it Happen?
PREDICTIVE What Will Happen? PRESCRIPTIVE How Can We Make it Happen?
Workbook:
1
A workbook is a file that contains one or
more worksheets (also known as
Essential spreadsheets). It's the entire file you open
or save.
Spreadsheet Worksheet:
2
Component &
A worksheet is a single tab or page within a
workbook, made up of rows and columns
where you can enter and manipulate data.
definition
Table:
3
A table is a structured range of data within
a worksheet that is organized into rows
> and columns. It allows for easy sorting,
filtering, and formatting.
4 Row
A row is a horizontal group of cells in a
Essential worksheet, labeled with numbers (1, 2, 3,
etc.) on the left side of the sheet.
Spreadsheet
Column
Component & 5
A column is a vertical group of cells,
labeled with letters (A, B, C, etc.) at the top
definition
of the sheet.
Cell
6
A cell is the intersection point of a row and
a column where data is entered. Each cell
> holds a single piece of data.
7 Cell Reference
A cell reference is the unique name of a
Essential cell based on its column and row, such as
A1 (column A, row 1). It’s used in formulas to
Spreadsheet
refer to specific data.
Range
Component & 8
A range is a selection of two or more cells,
such as A1:B5, which includes all cells from
definition
A1 to B5.
Formula
9
A formula is an expression you enter in a
cell that calculates a value. It starts with an
> equals sign (=), like =A1+B1.
Essential
Spreadsheet 10 10. Function
A function is a predefined formula that
performs a specific calculation using given
Component & values (arguments).
Example: =SUM(A1:A5) adds the values in
definition
cells A1 through A5.
>
1 DATA CLEANING
3 Essentials of
Data Analysis
2 ANALYZE DATA
3 DATA VISUALIZATION
DATA
CLEANING
What is Data Cleaning?
Data cleaning is the process of identifying, correcting, and
transforming inaccurate, incomplete, or inconsistent data into a
more accurate and reliable format. In simple terms, data
cleaning involves spotting and correcting errors in the data.
COMMON DATA 1 Inconsistent Rows and Columns sizes
PROBLEMS 2
Unwanted Things i.e Columns,
Characters, Spacing etc.
Rows,
Data problems can significantly 3 Inconsistent case formatting
impact the quality and reliability of
analysis and decision-making. These Several pieces of data combined into one
4
issues can manifest in various forms. field.
These are some of the most 5 Having Duplicates
common data problems found in
many organizations. While this list
isn't exhaustive, it covers many 6 Spelling Errors
typical issues. As you work with new
data, you'll likely encounter Inaccurate data: Incorrect or outdated
additional challenges. > 7
information
8 Formula Parse Error
COMMON DATA
PROBLEMS
9 Missing data: Empty cells or fields.
Incorrect data types: Wrong data type (e.g., text in a
10
numerical field).