TH
10 Class
Mathematics
YOUTH ACADEMY 10TH MATHEMATICS
BY SIR USAMA CHAPTER – 1
CHAPTER 01
QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
( a + b ) = a 2 + b 2 + 2ab
2
•
( a − b ) = a 2 + b 2 − 2ab
2
•
−b b2 − 4ac
• x=
2a
CHAPTER 2
THEORY OF QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
• Discriminant = b2 − 4ac
−b b2 − 4ac
• x=
2a
• 1+ + = 0
2
• 3 = 1
1 1
• = 2 or 2 =
• ( x + y + z )( x 2
+ y + z 2 − xy − yz − xz ) = x3 + y3 + z3 − 3xyz
2
b Coefficient of x
• S =− =−
a Coefficent of x2
c Constant term
• P= =
a Coefficient of x2
• x 2 − Sx + P = 0 Or
x − ( Sum of roots ) x + Product of roots = 0
2
• Function is Symmetric if f ( , ) = f ( , )
α 2 + β 2 = ( α + β ) − 2αβ
2
•
3 + 3 = ( + ) − 3 ( + )
3
•
( + )
2
• − = − 4
CHAPTER 3
VARIATIONS
bc
• Forth proportional: d=
a
b2
• Third proportional: c =
a
• Mean proportional: b2 = ac
• Continued proportional: b2 = ac
• Invertedo Theorem. If a : b = c : d then b : a = d : c
• Alternendo Theorem.
If a : b = c : d then a : c = b : d
• Componendo Theorem
If a : b = c : d then
YOUTH ACADEMY 10TH MATHEMATICS
BY SIR USAMA CHAPTER – 1
(i) a + b : b = c + d : d
(ii) a : a + b = c : c + d
• Dividendo Theorem
If a : b = c : d then
(i) a –b:b = c – d :d
(ii) a:a –b = c:c – d
• Componendo–Dividendo Theorem
If a : b = c : d then
(i) a+b:a –b = c+d :c – d
(ii) a −b: a +b = c −d :c + d
• K Method
a c
Let = = k
b d
Then,
a = bk , c = dk
CHAPTER 5
SETS AND FUNCTIONS
• Number of all possible subsets = 2 n
• Number of all possible proper subsets = 2n − 1 .
• Number of improper subsets = 1
• Formula to find number of elements in the power set = 2 n
• A − B = x | x A and x B
• If AB=, then A and B are disjoint sets.
• A/ = Ac = U − A
• Commutative property of Union
A B = B A
• Commutative property of intersection
A B = B A
• Associative property of union
A ( B C ) = ( A B) C
• Associative property of intersection
A ( B C ) = ( A B) C
• Distributive property of union over intersection
A ( B C ) = ( A B) ( A C )
• Distributive property of intersection over union
A ( B C ) = ( A B) ( A C )
• De-Morgan’s laws
(A B) = A B
(A B) = A B
• A − B = A B
• ( A − B ) = A B
• Number of elements in Cartesian product X Y = m n
• Number of binary relations = 2 m n
• If A B , then A B = A
• If A B and B A then A=B
YOUTH ACADEMY 10TH MATHEMATICS
BY SIR USAMA CHAPTER – 1
• A Ac =
• A Ac = U
CHAPTER 6
BASIC STATISTICS
For Ungrouped Data For Grouped Data
Arithmetic means
Ungroup Data ( Direct Method ) Grouped Data
x fx
X= X=
n f
Indirect Method (Short Method)
D fD
X = A+ ;( D = x − A) X = A+
n f
(Coding Method)
u x− A fu
A.M = A + h ; u = A.M = A + h
n h f
(Median)
n + 1 th
Median = item
2
(n is odd)
hn
Median = l + −C
1
n
th
n+2
th
f 2
Median = item + item
2
2 2
(n is even)
YOUTH ACADEMY 10TH MATHEMATICS
BY SIR USAMA CHAPTER – 1
(Mode)
Mode = l +
( f m − f1 ) h
Mode = most repeated value of the data
2 fm − f1 − f 2
(Geometric Mean)
1
G.M = ( x1, x2 , x3 ,...xn ) n
By definition method
f log X
G.M = Anti log
log X f
G.M = Anti log
n
By log method
Harmonic Mean
n n
H.M = H.M =
1 f
X X
wx
Weighted Arithmetic Mean = X w =
w
Range
Range = upper class boundary of last
Range = X m − X1
class – lower class boundary of first class
Variance
f (X −X)
2
( X − X )
2
(i) S = 2
(i) S2 = f
n
Proper mean formula
Proper mean formula 2
X2 X
2 fX 2 fX
(ii) S2 = − (ii) S = 2
−
f f
n n
Direct Formula Direct Formula
Standard Deviation
( X − X ) f (X −X)
2 2
(i) S= (i) S=
n f
Proper mean formula Proper mean formula
2 2
X2 X fX 2 fX
(ii) S= − Direct (ii) S= −
n n f f
Formula Direct Formula
CHAPTER 7
YOUTH ACADEMY 10TH MATHEMATICS
BY SIR USAMA CHAPTER – 1
INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY
• 1 = radians
180
x
• x = radians
180
180
• 1 radian =
x(180)
• x radians =
• l = r
1
• A = r 2
2
• 360k = , k Z
• sin(− ) = − sin
• cos ec(− ) = − cos ec
• cos(− ) = cos
• sec(− ) = sec
• tan ( − ) = − tan
• cot(− ) = − cot
• Trigonometric table
0o 30o 45o 60o 90o 180o 270o
sin 0 1 1 3 1 0 −1
2 2 2
cos 1 3 1 1 0 −1 0
2 2 2
tan 0 1 1 3 undefined 0 Undefined
3
y
• sin =
r
x
• cosθ =
r
y
• tan =
x
• sin + cos2 = 1
2
• 1 + tan 2 = sec2
• 1 + cot 2 = cosec2
CHAPTER 8
PROJECTION OF A SIDE OF A TRIANGLE
YOUTH ACADEMY 10TH MATHEMATICS
BY SIR USAMA CHAPTER – 1
( BC ) = ( AB ) + ( AC )
2 2 2
• − [Link] , when angle opposite to BC is acute.
• ( BC )2 = ( AC )2 + ( AB)2 + 2(mAB) (mAD) , when angle opposite to BC is obtuse.
• If a 2 + b2 = c 2 , is a right angled
• If a 2 + b2 c 2 , is a obtuse angled
• If a 2 + b2 c 2 , is a acute angled
where, c is longest side
CHAPTER 10
TANGENT TO A CIRCLE
• If two circles touch each other externally then distance between their centers is equal to sum of radii.
• Two circles with centres C1 and C2 , radii of measure r1 and r2 such that mC1C2 = r1 + r2
• If two circles touch each other internally then distance between their centers is equal to difference
of radii.
• Two circles with centres C1 and C2 , radii r1 and r2 such that mC1C2 = r1 − r2
• Area of Circle = r 2
1
• Area of semi circle = r 2
2
• Perimeter or Circumference of Circle = 2 r = d
• Semi Perimeter or Half Circumference of Circle = r
CHAPTER 12
CHORDS AND ARCS
• m AOC = 2m ABC , where m AOC is central angle and m ABC is circum angle.
The angle
• In a semi-circle is a right angle,
• In a segment greater than a semi circle is less than a right angle,
• In a segment less than a semi-circle is greatter than a right angle.
• mA + mC = 180 and mB + mD = 180o , where ABCD is cyclic quadrilateral.
• m ACB = m ADB , where m ACB and m ADB are angles of same segment.
CHAPTER 13
ANGLE IN A SEGMENT OF A CIRCLE
• Perimeter of a regular polygon = n × l, where n is number of sides and l is length of a side.
• The measure of the external angle of a regular hexagon is .
3
• The measure of the external angle of a regular octagon is .
4
360o
Formula for finding the angle subtended by the side of a n-sided polygon at the centre of the circle =
n