Chapter 3.

Fingerprints Classification Formula

This chapter presents fingerprint classification formula in which fingerprints are

grouped in a consistent and reliable way, such that different impressions of a same finger fall
into a same group.

Objectives:

After the completion of the lesson, the students shall be able to:
 Explain the concept and importance of the fingerprint system in criminal
investigation.
 Identify the different fingerprint patterns and their corresponding symbols used in
classification.
 Demonstrate the process of deriving a fingerprint classification formula, including
blocking-out and proper arrangement of prints.
 Apply the procedures in computing Primary and Secondary classifications using
established rules and numerical values.
 Analyze and interpret fingerprint data to determine Sub-secondary, Major, Final, and
Key classifications accurately.

Introduction

Fingerprint identification is one of the most reliable and widely used methods in
criminal investigation. It is based on the principle that no two individuals share identical
fingerprints, making it a powerful tool for establishing identity. The Fingerprint System
provides a structured approach to the collection, classification, storage, and utilization of
fingerprint records, ensuring accuracy and efficiency in forensic work.

This chapter introduces the fundamental concepts of fingerprint classification, which

involves organizing fingerprint patterns into systematic groups for easy filing, searching, and
retrieval. Through proper classification, investigators can quickly compare and identify
fingerprints, which is essential in solving crimes and verifying identities.

The discussion begins with the basic principles of fingerprint classification, including
the derivation of classification formulas and the process of blocking-out fingerprint patterns
using standardized symbols. It further explains the different types of fingerprint patterns such
as arches, loops, and whorls, and how each contributes to the overall classification system.

Moreover, the lesson covers the different divisions of fingerprint classification,

including Primary, Secondary, Sub-secondary, Major, Final, and Key classifications. Each
division follows a specific set of rules and procedures that help refine the identification
process. By understanding these steps, students will learn how to systematically analyze
fingerprint impressions and derive accurate classification formulas.

Lesson I.

1
 Fingerprint System

Is an arrangement, which in order to effectively utilize fingerprints in criminal

investigation, provides for their systematic collection, classification, arrangement, custody
and use.

Fingerprint Classification

 Refers to the formula derived for a complete set of ten fingerprints or the arrangement
of fingerprint records into groups or subgroups for filing purposes.

 Means the sorting of things into divisions or groups for easy and fast location. In
fingerprint science, it refers to the arrangement of fingerprint records into groups or
sub-groups for filing purposes. The main purpose of a fingerprint classification
system is to facilitate the filing, searching and retrieval of fingerprint records.

K M P S SS F
FPC

Deriving a Fingerprint Classification Formula

 First of all, you should examine the rolled impressions to see if they are placed in
their respective spaces in the chart.

 The first column beginning with block number 1 to block number 5 are for the right-
hand fingers, starting from the thumb to the little finger respectively.

 Fingers from the left hand starting from the thumb to the little finger occupy the
second column from block number 6 to block number 10.

 Ten rolled impressions must tally with the plain impressions on their corresponding
places on the chart.

 If a discrepancy is found as in the case of the interchange of the recording of the

right-hand digits and those of the left hand, immediate correction must be taken in
order not to affect the classification.

Classification Line

This refers to the line placed on the right upper corner of the fingerprint card where
the classification formula is exhibited.

Classification Formula

2
 The Henry, Galton, FBI System with Modification and Extension is adopted by
almost all English-speaking countries in the world. The Philippines is using this system in its
locally modified form. This system is derived through a succession of steps: first is
BLOCKING-OUT a set of prints.

Blocking–out

• Is the process of writing below each pattern the corresponding symbol of the
fingerprint pattern in the spaces provided in the card conspicuously or in capital
letters purposely to facilitate the attainment of the Primary Classification.

Symbols of the Fingerprint Patterns in Blocks for Blocking out

Plain Arch ----------------------------- A

Tented Arch ------------------------------- T
Radial Loop ------------------------------- / (Right Hand)
----------------------------- \ (Left Hand)
Ulnar Loop ----------------------------- \ (Right Hand)
------------------------------ / (Left Hand)
Plain Whorl ----------------------------- W
Central Pocket Loop Whorl -----------C
Double Loop Whorl -------------- D
Accidental Whorl -------------- X

Right Hand: No. 1 to No 5 Block

Lift Han: No. 6 to No. 10 Block

1 2 3 4 5

ULNAR LOOP REDIAL LOOP PLAIN TENTED REDIAL LOOP

WHORL ARCH

\ / W T /
6 7 8 9 10

TENTED Double loop ULNAR LOOP REDIAL LOOP PLAIN ARCH

ARCH whorl

T D / \ A
Example:

3
Division of the Classification Formula

These are the six divisions of Fingerprint Classification:

1. Primary Classification
2. Secondary Classification
a. Capital Letter Group
b. Small Letter Group
3. Sub–secondary Classification
4. Major Division
5. Final Classification
6. Key Classification

The position in the classification line for these division when applied are as follows:

Lesson II:

4
 PRIMARY CLASSIFICATION

Primary Classification

• is the result of the summation of all numerical values assigned to whorls (Plain
Whorl, Central Pocket Loop Whorl, Double Loop Whorl, and Accidental Whorl),
appearing in a fingerprint chart (ten fingerprints) which are expressed as numerators
and denominators plus the pre-established fraction of one over one (1/1).

Division of Patterns as to Numerical Values

1. Patterns with Numerical Values – All whorl type of Patterns

2. Patterns without Numerical Values – Arches and Loops types of Patterns

FOUR STEPS to attain the Primary Classification.

1. The first step is PAIRING. The ten fingerprints from the corresponding fingers are
divided into pairs, totaling 5 pairs in all.
A. The first pair is composed of the right thumb and the right index finger (block # 1
and 2).
B. The second pair is composed of the right middle finger and right ring finger (block #
3 and 4)
C. The third pair is composed of the right little finger and left thumb (block # 5 and 6)

D. The fourth pair is composed of the left index finger and left middle finger (block # 7
and 8)
E. The fifth pair is composed of the left ring finger and left little finger (block # 9 and
10)
Table showing the pairing of a ten fingerprints from the corresponding fingers:

2. Assigning Numerical Values Only To Whorl Patterns.

5
These numerical values assigned to the corresponding fingers are permanent.

1. Whorls appearing in the first pair have a numerical value of 16 for each whorl.
2. Whorls appearing in the second pair have a numerical value of 8 for each whorl.
3. Whorls appearing in the third pair have a numerical value of 4 for each whorl.
4. Whorls appearing in the fourth pair have a numerical value of 2 for each whorl.
5. Whorls appearing in the fifth pair have a numerical value of 1 for each whorl.

These numerical values assigned to the corresponding fingers are permanent.

3. Know the Numerators and Denominators in the pairs

• The first pattern of every pair is the denominator while the second pattern of the pair
is the numerator.

• There are five numerators and five denominators in the pairs in a set of ten
fingerprints.

• Your odd fingers which are fingers 1 (right thumb), 3 (right middle finger), 5 (right
little finger), 7 (left index finger), and 9 (left ring finger) are denominators.

• Your even fingers which are fingers 2 (right index finger), 4 (right ring finger), 6 (left
thumb), 8 (left middle finger), and 10 (left little finger) are numerators.

Table showing the numerators and denominators of a ten fingerprints:

6
 numerator numerator

denominator denominator denominator

RIGHT HAND
numerator numerator numerator

denominator denominator
LEFT HAND

4. Summing up the numerical values of whorls assigned to the fingers PLUS THE PRE-
ESTABLISHED FRACTION OF 1/1.

• Finally, determine the exact result of the Primary Classification, by getting the total
value of all numerators and add the fraction of 1/1; and for the total value of all
denominators, you also add the fraction of 1/1. The pre–established fraction of 1/1 is
always added, for in the absence of a numerical value, this fraction 1/1 should be
exhibited in the classification line to complete the Primary formula for filing
purposes.

Table showing an example of a set of prints with a Primary Classification of 32/32

In the table above, the numerators representing block numbers 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10

having whorl type patterns whose numerical values 16, 8, 4, 2, and 1 are added to derive the
numerical value of 31.

7
 In the same manner, the denominator being represented by block numbers 1, 3, 5, 7,
and 9 being of the same whorl type patterns would be assigned the numerical values of 16, 8,
4, 2, and 1 to get the numerical value of 31.

As stated earlier, the pre-established fraction of 1/1 is always added to both the
numerator and denominator to derive the total Primary Classification numerical values of
32/32.

Examples:

1.

1 2 3 4 5

A C X / \

6 7 8 9 10

/ D W T D

FPC 20
11

8
2.
1 2 3 4 5

D / X A W

6 7 8 9 10

\ T / A C

2
FPC
1
3.
1 2 3 4 5

A C X / \

6 7 8 9 10

/ D W t D

20
FPC
11
4.
1 2 3 4 5

D / X A W

6 7 8 9 10

\ T / A C

29
FPC
2

9
Lesson II.

Secondary Classification

There are two kinds of Secondary Classification, the Capital Lettered Group and Small
Lettered Group

Capital Letter Group

• Is symbolized by capital letters of the patterns represented by two index fingers after
the Primary Classification in the classification line.
• The fingerprint pattern appearing on your right index finger is the numerator while the
fingerprint pattern on your left index finger is the denominator.

A combination of the following symbols may come out:

Plain Arch ------------------- A

Tented Arch ------------------- T
Radial Loop ------------------- R
Ulnar Loop ------------------- U
Plain Whorl ------------------- W
Central Pocket Loop Whorl----------- C
Double Loop Whorl ------------ D
Accidental Whorl ------------ X

Table showing an example of a set of prints with a Primary Classification and

Secondary Classification by Capital Letter group:

1 2 3 4 5

REDIAL LOOP ULNAR LOOP PLAIN ARCH TENTED REDIAL LOOP

ARCH

/ \ A T /
6 7 8 9 10
TENTED DOUBLE TENTED
ARCH LOOP WHORL ARCH REDIAL LOOP PLAIN ARCH

T D / \ A

If the right index finger shows a Radial Loop and the left index finger
shows an Ulnar Loop, the Secondary Classification would reflect these symbols
accordingly in fraction form.

1 U
FPC
3 D

10
Small Letter Group

• Refers to the three types of fingerprint patterns only, namely, the Plain Arch, Tented
Arch, and Radial Loop.

• Whenever any or all of these patterns appear in any of your finger or fingers,
excluding the two index fingers, its symbol in small letter is exhibited in the
classification line as:

“a”for plain arch,

“t” for tented arch, and

“r” for radial loop, before and/or after the Secondary Classification by Capital letters,
depending on the finger of origin.

 The four fingers from your right hand are the numerators while the other four fingers
from your left hand are the denominators.

Table showing an example of a set of prints with a Primary Classification and

Secondary Classification by Capital and Small Letter group:

1 2 3 4 5

TENTED REDIAL LOOP

REDIAL LOOP ULNAR LOOP PLAIN ARCH ARCH

/ \ A T /
6 7 8 9 10

TENTED DOUBLE TENTED REDIAL LOOP PLAIN ARCH

ARCH LOOP WHORL ARCH

T D / \ A

If several fingers contain combinations of plain arches, tented arches, and radial
loops, their corresponding small letters are arranged systematically alongside the capital letter
classification.

1 rUatr
FPC
3 t Dtra

11
Lesson 4. 3.
Sub-secondary Classification

The Sub-secondary Classification. This is derived through the process of ridge-

counting the loops or ridge-tracing the whorl-type patterns appearing on your index, middle,
and ring fingers of both right and left hands. Whenever loop patterns are shown on the above-
mentioned fingers, each should be ridge-counted and the result of such count in number be
displayed on the right upper corner of the block and, later on, represented by a letter symbol
(I or O) in the classification line based on the inner and outer group division table for ridge-
counts of loops.

Whorls are ridge-traced and the result of such tracing is represented by the letter symbols I,
M, O (Inner, Meeting, or Outer) on the table for symbols of Whorls for ridge-tracing. The
letter symbols are then placed on the upper right corner of the blocks and, later on, the same
symbols are exhibited on the classification line.

Under this classification, your right index, middle, and ring fingers are the numerators
while the opposite fingers from your left hand are the denominators. The plain arch and
tented arch are neither ridge-counted nor ridge-traced. They are merely represented by a dash
(–) on the classification line.

Rules for ridge-count of Loops and their symbols Inner “I” and Outer “O”:

1. A ridge count of one to nine (1-9) inclusive of each index finger is “Inner” and
symbolized by capital letter “I”, while a count of ten (10) or more is “Outer”
symbolized by capital letter “O”. Letter symbol should be exhibited on the
classification only.

2. A ridge count of one to ten (1-10) inclusive of each middle finger is “Inner” and
symbolized by capital letter “I”, while a count of eleven (11) or more is “Outer”
symbolized by capital letter “O”. Letter symbol should be exhibited on the
classification only.

3. A ridge count of one to thirteen (1-13) inclusive of each ring finger is “Inner” and
symbolized by capital letter “I”, while a count of fourteen (14) or more is “Outer”
symbolized by capital letter “O”. Letter symbol should be exhibited on the
classification only.

INNER (I) OUTER (O)

Index Finger 1 – 9 ridge–counts 10 or more ridge-counts
Middle Finger 1 – 10 ridge–counts 11 or more ridge-counts
Ring Finger 1 – 13 ridge–counts 14 or more ridge-counts

NOTE: Letter symbols should be exhibited only in the classification line. (I or O)

12
Examples:

13
Symbols for whorls as a result of ridge tracing:

1. When the ridge being trace from the left delta to the right delta passes inside or in
front of the right delta and there three (3) or more intervening ridges between the
traced ridge and the right delta, the result of the tracing is known as “Inner” and
represented by capital letter “I”, the symbol is exhibited on the right upper corner of
the block where found on the classification line.

2. When the ridge being trace from the left delta to the right delta passes outside or
below of the right delta and there three (3) or more intervening ridges between the
traced ridge and the right delta, the result of the tracing is known as “Outer” and
represented by capital letter “O”, the symbol is exhibited on the right upper corner of
the block were found on the classification line.

14
 3. When the ridge being trace from the left delta to the right delta passes inside or
outside of the right delta and there two (2) or less intervening ridges between the
traced ridge and the right delta, the result of the tracing is known as “Meeting” and
represented by capital letter “M”, the symbol is exhibited on the right upper corner of
the block where found on the classification line.

Symbol for Arches to be Displayed in the right upper corner of the block and finally in the
classification line.

15
 Table showing an example of a set of prints with a Primary Classification, Secondary
Classification and Sub – secondary Classification:

1 15 2 9 3 _ 4 _ 5 18

TENTED REDIAL LOOP

REDIAL LOOP ULNAR PLAIN ARCH ARCH
LOOP

/ \ A T /
6 _ 7 O 8 _ 9 13 10 _

TENTED DOUBLE TENTED REDIAL PLAIN ARCH

ARCH LOOP ARCH LOOP
WHORL
T D / \ A

P S SS
1 rUatr I- -
FPC
3 t Dtra O-I

1 2 9 3 13 4 O 5 18
15
DOUBLE REDIAL LOOP
ULNAR LOOP REDIAL LOOP
REDIAL LOOP LOOP WHORL

/ \ A T /
6 6 7 M 8 10 9 14 10 _

ULNAR LOOP ACCIDENTAL REDIAL DOUBLE PLAIN ARCH

WHORL LOOP LOOP
WHORL

/ D / \ A

P S SS
9 rUr-r I- -
FPC
4 Xr-t MIO

16
Lesson IV.

Major Classification

The Major Division is quite similar to the Sub–secondary classification in derivation

though it applies only to your thumbs. This is done by ridge-counting the loops and ridge-
tracing the whorls appearing on your thumbs. The result of the ridge-count of the loop is
exhibited on the right upper corner of the block where the loop is found and, later on, is
expressed by a letter symbol in the classification line. The whorls are ridge-traced, as is done
in the Sub–secondary classification and the letter symbols I (Inner), M (Meeting), and O
(Outer) is represented on the right upper corner of the block were found and is also exhibited
on the classification line. If arches appear, you just put a dash (–) on the right upper corner of
the block, which will also be exhibited on the classification line.

In Major Division there were two sets of tables

Two sets of tables for symbols are used in loops whenever both loop patterns appear in
your thumbs. Place your symbol for the Major Division on the left side of your Primary in the
classification line. Your right thumb is the numerator while your left thumb is the
denominator.

If a LOOP appears, determine the ridge counts and refer in the tables hereunder:

Table A.

To be used in the ridge counts of loop pattern in the right and left thumb, if the ridge
of the left thumb is less than 17.
1 - 11 = Small (S)
12 - 16 = Medium (M)
17 or more = Large (L)

Table B.

If a LOOP appears, determine the ridge counts and refer in the tables hereunder:

To be used in the ridge counts of the loop pattern in the right thumb only if the ridge
of the left thumb is 17 or more. The ridge count of the loop pattern in the left thumb is
automatically large (L).
1 - 17 = S
18 - 22 = M
23 or more = L

Note:
 If the pattern in your left thumb is not a loop, refer to table A no matter how many
ridge count of a loop in your right thumb may have.

17
 You can only refer to table B if a loop pattern in the left thumb is having ridge count
of 17 or more.
Below showing an example for Major Division:

1 17 2 3 M 4 10 5 11
ULNAR -
LOOP PLAIN RADIAL ULNAR
TENTED WHORL LOOP LOOP
ARCH
\ T W / \
6 17 7 O 8 - 9 19 10 16
PLAIN RADIAL
RADIAL DOUBLE ARCH LOOP RADIAL
LOOP LOOP LOOP

\ D A \ \

L
FPC
S
1 18 2 5 3 - 4 O 5 -

RADIAL RADIAL PLAIN ARCH PLAIN TENTED

LOOP LOOP WHORL ARCH

/ / A W T
6 22 7 - 8 - 9 11 10 -

RADIAL PLAIN ARCH TENTED ULNAR LOOP PLAIN ARCH

LOOP ARCH

\ A T / A

M
FPC
L

18
Table showing an example of a set of prints with a primary classification, secondary
classification, sub–secondary classification and major division:

1 17 2 3 M 4 10 5 11
-
ULNAR PLAIN RADIAL ULNAR
LOOP TENTED WHORL LOOP LOOP
ARCH
\ T W / \
6 17 7 O 8 - 9 19 10 16
RADIAL DOUBLE PLAIN RADIAL RADIAL
LOOP LOOP ARCH LOOP LOOP

\ D A \ \
M P S SS
L 1 T- r - -MI
FPC
S 3 rO-rr O-O

1 18 2 5 3 - 4 O 5 -

RADIAL RADIAL PLAIN ARCH PLAIN TENTED

LOOP LOOP WHORL ARCH

/ / A W T
6 22 7 - 8 - 9 11 10 -

RADIAL PLAIN ARCH TENTED ULNAR LOOP PLAIN ARCH

LOOP ARCH

\ A T / A

M P S SS
M 9 rRa-t I-O
FPC
L 1 rAt-a - -I

19
1 15 2 9 3 _ 4 _ 5 18

TENTED REDIAL LOOP

REDIAL LOOP ULNAR PLAIN ARCH ARCH
LOOP

/ \ A T /
6 _ 7 O 8 _ 9 13 10 _

TENTED DOUBLE TENTED REDIAL PLAIN ARCH

ARCH LOOP ARCH LOOP
WHORL
T D / \ A

M P S SS
M 1 rUatr I- -
FPC
- 3 t Dtra O-I

1 2 9 3 13 4 O 5 18
15
DOUBLE REDIAL LOOP
ULNAR LOOP REDIAL LOOP
REDIAL LOOP LOOP WHORL

/ \ A T /
6 6 7 M 8 10 9 14 10 _

ULNAR LOOP ACCIDENTAL REDIAL DOUBLE PLAIN ARCH

WHORL LOOP LOOP
WHORL

/ D / \ A

M P S SS
M 9 rUr-r I- -
FPC
S 4 Xr-t MIO

20
Lesson V.

Final Classification

Final Classification

• is the exhibition in a numerical figure of the ridge count of loops and/or whorls from
your two little fingers.

• The result of the ridge count is exhibited on the right upper corner of the block were
found and placed at the extreme right of the classification line.

• The ridge count of your right little finger is the numerator while that of your left little
finger is the denominator.

• Arches are represented by a dash (–) on the classification line.

Rules in deriving the ridge-count of whorls:

(For purposes of deriving the final classification, whorls are subjected to ridge-counting as
in the loops)

a) A plain whorl or central pocket loop whorl is treated as an ulnar loop.

b) A double loop whorl must be ridge-counted to an upright loop.

An accidental whorl must be ridge-counted from the extreme corresponding delta to the
nearest core (least number of ridge-count)

Determining which delta to use:

WHORL IN THE
RIGHT LITTLE FINGER

• You draw an imaginary line from the approximate

center of the pattern to the left delta and count the
intervening ridges.

WHORL IN THE
LEFT LITTLE FINGER
• You draw an imaginary line from the
approximate center of the pattern
to the right delta and count the
intervening ridges.

21
Below showing an example for Final Classification:

1 17 2 3 M 4 10 5 11
ULNAR -
LOOP PLAIN RADIAL ULNAR
TENTED WHORL LOOP LOOP
ARCH
\ T W / \
6 17 7 O 8 - 9 19 10 16
PLAIN RADIAL
RADIAL DOUBLE ARCH LOOP RADIAL
LOOP LOOP LOOP

\ D A \ \

11
FPC
16

1 18 2 5 3 - 4 O 5 -

RADIAL RADIAL PLAIN ARCH PLAIN TENTED

LOOP LOOP WHORL ARCH

/ / A W T
6 22 7 - 8 - 9 11 10 -

RADIAL PLAIN ARCH TENTED ULNAR LOOP PLAIN ARCH

LOOP ARCH

\ A T / A

-
FPC
-

22
Table showing an example of a set of prints with a primary classification, secondary
classification, sub-secondary classification, major division, and final classification:

1 17 2 3 M 4 10 5 11
-
ULNAR PLAIN RADIAL ULNAR
LOOP TENTED WHORL LOOP LOOP
ARCH
\ T W / \
6 17 7 O 8 - 9 19 10 16
RADIAL DOUBLE PLAIN RADIAL RADIAL
LOOP LOOP ARCH LOOP LOOP

\ D A \ \
M P S SS F
L 1 T- r - -MI 11
FPC
S 3 rO-rr O-O 16

1 18 2 5 3 - 4 O 5 -

RADIAL RADIAL PLAIN ARCH PLAIN TENTED

LOOP LOOP WHORL ARCH

/ / A W T
6 22 7 - 8 - 9 11 10 -

RADIAL PLAIN ARCH TENTED ULNAR LOOP PLAIN ARCH

LOOP ARCH

\ A T / A

M P S SS F
M 9 rRa-t I-O -
FPC
L 1 rAt-a - -I -

23
1 15 2 9 3 _ 4 _ 5 18

TENTED REDIAL LOOP

REDIAL LOOP ULNAR PLAIN ARCH ARCH
LOOP

/ \ A T /
6 _ 7 O 8 _ 9 13 10 _

TENTED DOUBLE TENTED REDIAL PLAIN ARCH

ARCH LOOP ARCH LOOP
WHORL
T D / \ A

M P S SS F
M 1 rUatr I- - 18
FPC
- 3 t Dtra O-I -

1 2 9 3 13 4 O 5 7
15
DOUBLE REDIAL LOOP
ULNAR LOOP REDIAL LOOP
REDIAL LOOP LOOP WHORL

/ \ A T /
6 6 7 M 8 10 9 14 10 _

ULNAR LOOP ACCIDENTAL REDIAL DOUBLE PLAIN ARCH

WHORL LOOP LOOP
WHORL

/ D / \ A

M P S SS F
M 9 rUr-r I- - 7
FPC
S 4 Xr-t MIO -

24
Lesson VI.

Key Classification

Key Classification

• is derived by ridge-counting the first loop in a set of prints.

• The ridge-count of the first loop may come from the right thumb or any other finger
except the little fingers.
• The ridge-counts are always placed at the extreme left of the classification line and
are always represented as numerators, no matter where they are taken.
• Where there is no loop, the first whorl is ridge-counted, being treated as an ulnar loop;
and the result of the count is displayed on the left upper corner of the block where
found.
• When arches appear in all the prints, the symbol of the key classification is just a dash
(–) on the classification line.

Below showing an example of Key Classification:

1 17 2 3 M 4 10 5 11
-
ULNAR PLAIN RADIAL ULNAR
LOOP TENTED WHORL LOOP LOOP
ARCH
\ T W / \
6 17 7 O 8 - 9 19 10 16
PLAIN RADIAL
RADIAL DOUBLE ARCH LOOP RADIAL
LOOP LOOP LOOP

\ D A \ \

FPC 17

“In this example, the Key Classification result is 17, as the first loop appears on
the right thumb (finger No. 1).”

25
Table showing an example of a set of prints with a complete Fingerprint Classification
emphasizing the Key Classification:

1 17
K 2I M P3 S M SS4
F - 5 11

TENTED 19 S 21 t C-a- IM- PLAIN

PLAIN 11 ULNAR
FPC
ARCH CENTRAL
O 3 WHORL
Da2r M-OARCH16 LOOP
POCKET
WHORL
T C W A \
6 O 7 M 8 - 9 19 10 16
PLAIN DOUBLE PLAIN RADIAL RADIAL
WHORL LOOP ARCH LOOP LOOP

W D A \ \
“In this example, the Key Classification result is 19, as the first loop appears on
the left ring finger (finger No. 9).”

1 M 2 - 3 M 4 O 5 13

PLAIN TENTED ACCIDENTAL PLAIN RADIAL

WHORL ARCH WHORL WHORL LOOP

W A X W T
6 - 7 9 8 O 9 11 10 5

TENTED ULNAR LOOP PLAIN ULNAR LOOP ULNAR LOOP

ARCH WHORL

T U W U A

K M P S SS F
9 M 11 T—r -MO 13
FPC
- 25 Tu IOI 5
“In this example, the Key Classification result is 9, as the first loop appears on
the left index finger (finger No. 7).”

26