Chapter III
METHODOLOGY
This chapter presented the measures that must be followed in the study. It
includes research design, locale of the study, the general procedures and the
research instruments and statistical treatments to be used.
Research Design
The study is primarily quantitative with data collected through survey
methods. The survey questionnaire, which was prepared for students studying
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM), is the primary tool
to be used.
Figure 2 shows the Research Design of the study which comprises the
study's flow and various variables. The first variable included in the survey
questionnaire’s phases was the profile of the senior high school students enrolled
in the academic year 2021-2022 which includes their sex, socio-economic status,
educational attainment of parents, technological resources, and academic
performance. The second phase will be the level of intrinsic and extrinsic
motivation of the respondents in Basic Calculus while the third phase focuses in
their attitude. The last phase of the research design is the level of self-efficacy of
the respondents in understanding concepts, solving problems and application of
concepts in real life. Nsnsa,adlfafdfjdjfjdjfdGJMHGMVGMGF GJYMJMT JYTJ
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30
Motivation, Attitude and Self-efficacy of
Senior High School Students in Basic Calculus
Variables of the Study Methodology
Profile of Senior High School Students
Research Design
Sex
Descriptive Research
Socio-Economic Status
Educational Attainment of Parents
Locale of the Study
Notre Dame of Dadiangas
University
Respondents of the
Level of Intrinsic and Study
Extrinsic Motivation
Senior High School
Students
Attitude Research Instruments
Survey Questionnaire
Level of Self-efficacy Statistical Tools
Mean
Understanding concepts
Pearson’s r
Solving problems
Application of concepts in
real life
Figure 2. Research Design
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Locale of the Study
The study was conducted in Notre Dame of Dadiangas University
(NDDU), a private Catholic basic and higher education administered by the
Marist Brothers of the school’s FMS (Fratres Maristae a Scholis). The Marist
Brothers founded NDDU in 1953, and it now offers undergraduate and graduate
programs, as well as primary and secondary education. It also offers a diverse
range of academic programs through its colleges. The main campus along Marist
Avenue, the Lagao Campus, which houses the Notre Dame of Dadiangas
University-Integrated Basic Education Department (NDDU-IBED), and the Espina
Campus are the three campuses in General Santos. NDDU is now the city of
General Santos' lone private university.
Respondents of the Study
The respondents of the study were the Grade 11 Senior High School
students enrolled in the academic track under Science, Technology, Engineering
and Mathematics strand in Notre Dame of Dadiangas University in the academic
year 2021-2022. The researcher had a total of 50 respondents identified
randomly in the conduct of the study.
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Instruments of the Study
In collecting data, the researcher utilized a survey questionnaire that was
administered via Google form and face to face that was anchored to the
statement of the problem of the study. Administered by the research adviser, the
researcher made a questionnaire which was checked by the adviser and
validated also by three experts. The questionnaire led the respondents to answer
questions about their motivation, attitude, and self-efficacy in Basic Calculus.
The first section of the survey questionnaire is the respondents' profile
which includes their sex, socio-economic status, educational attainment of
parents, technological resources, and academic performance. The second
section of the survey questionnaire is the extent of level of intrinsic and extrinsic
motivation and self-efficacy of the respondents in Basic Calculus. The third
section is the attitude in solving problems in Basic Calculus. It focuses on the
independent variables of the study. Sections 2 and 3 of the survey
questionnaires will use a 5-point scale.
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Box 1 shows the scale used to determine the level of intrinsic and extrinsic
motivation and self-efficacy.
LIKERT SCALE
Box 1. Scale for the level of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and self-
efficacy
Scale Interpretation Verbal Description
5 Excellent The level is highest at 80-100%.
4 Very Good The level is high at 60-79%.
3 Good The level is moderate at 40-59%.
2 Fair The level is low at 20-39%.
1 Poor The level is lowest at 0-19%
It contains the interpretation as well as the description. The scale of five
(5) will be the highest which is excellent and its level is highest at 80-100%; the
scale of four (4) which is very good and its level is high at 60-79%; the scale of
three (3) which is good and its level is moderate at 40-59%; the scale of two (2)
which is fair and its level is low at 20-39%; lastly, the scale of one (1) will be the
lowest at 0-19% which is poor.
Box 2 shows the scale used to determine the attitude of the respondents
in Basic Calculus.
Box 2. Scale for the attitude in Basic Calculus
Scale Interpretation Verbal Description
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5 Strongly Agree The degree of agreement is 50-100%
4 Agree The degree of agreement is 1-49%
3 Neither Cannot decide whether to agree or disagree
2 Disagree The degree of disagreement is 1-49%
1 Strongly Disagree The degree of disagreement is 50-100%
It contains the interpretation as well as the description. The scale of five
(5) which is strongly agree and its degree if agreement is 50-100%; the scale of
four (4) which is agree and its degree if agreement is 1-49%; the scale of three
(3) which is neither means cannot decide whether to agree or disagree; the scale
of two (2) which is disagree and its degree of disagreement is 1-49%; lastly, the
scale of one (1) will be the degree of disagreement at 50-100% which is strongly
disagree.
Box 3 shows the scale used in determining the academic performance of
the respondents.
Box 3. Scale for the academic performance
Scale Interpretation Verbal Description
5 Advanced The performance is highest at 90-100%.
4 Proficient The performance is high at 85-89%.
3 Approaching Proficiency The performance is moderate at 80-84%.
2 Developing The performance is low at 75-79%.
1 Beginning The performance is lowest at 74% and below
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It contains the interpretation as well as the description from the Senior
High School of Notre Dame of Dadiangas University. The scale of five (5) is the
highest which is advanced and its level is highest at 90-100%; the scale of four
(4) which is proficient and its level is high at 85-89%; the scale of three (3) which
is approaching proficiency and its level is moderate at 80-84%; the scale of two
(2) which is developing and its level is low at 75-79%; lastly, the scale of one (1)
will be the lowest at 74% and below which means beginning.
Data Gathering Procedure
The research adviser gave the go signal to conduct data gathering after
the survey questionnaire has been validated by three experts. Since the study's
administration has been approved, the researchers collected the data from
Grade 11 STEM students at Notre Dame of Dadiangas University who were
enrolled for the School Year 2021-2022 at random. A survey questionnaire was
distributed to the selected Grade 11 STEM students via Google Form and Face
to Face and was validated by the research adviser and selected panel members.
The researcher requested a copy of the enrolled students under the STEM
strand in the office of the Senior High School’s assistant principal with the
consent of the research adviser. The researcher applied stratified random
sampling to get the 100 respondents needed in the conduct of the study. The
respondents were contacted through their messenger accounts since it was
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considered as the easiest way to approach them and some questionnaires were
distributed in their respective classrooms. The set of respondents are informed of
the purpose and will of the study and their responses were held confidential.
Afterwards, the researchers sent them the link of the Google form in order to get
their responses and for face to face encounters, printed survey questionnaires
were distributed to the respondents.
All the process of data gathering was held online and limited face to face
because of the restrictions of the COVID-19 pandemic. The researcher collected
the responses of the respondents with utmost honesty and responsibility.
Data Analysis and Interpretation
In order to determine the extent of motivation, attitude and self-efficacy of
the respondents, the researcher used the criteria below to interpret the mean.
Box 4 shows the criteria used in interpreting the level of intrinsic and
extrinsic motivation and self-efficacy of the respondents.
Box 2. Criteria for interpreting the mean for the level of intrinsic and
extrinsic motivation and self-efficacy
Mean Range Interpretation Verbal Description
4.50-5.00 Excellent The level is highest at 80-100%.
3.50-4.49 Very Good The level is high at 60-79%.
2.50-3.49 Good The level is moderate at 40-59%.
1.50-2.49 Fair The level is low at 20-39%.
1.00-1.49 Poor The level is lowest at 0-19%
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The interpretation runs through five (5) categories: Excellent has a mean
range of 4.50-5.00 and its level is highest at 80-100%; Very Good has a mean
range of 3.50-4.49 and its level is high at 60-79%; Good has a mean range of
2.50-3.49 and its level is moderate at 40-59%; Fair has a mean range of 1.50-
2.49 and its level is low at 20-39%, and Poor has a mean range of 1.00-1.49 and
its level is lowest at 0-19%. The result tells the level of motivation and self
efficacy towards the profile and the said factors of the respondents.
Box 5 shows the criteria used to interpret the attitude of the respondents in
Basic Calculus.
Box 5. Criteria for interpreting the attitude in Basic Calculus
Mean Range Interpretation Verbal Description
4.50-5.00 Very Positive The attitude is 50-100% positive
3.50-4.49 Positive The attitude is 1-49% positive
2.50-3.49 Neither The attitude is neither positive nor negative
1.50-2.49 Negative The attitude is 1-49% negative
1.00-1.49 Very Negative The attitude is 50-100% negative
In Box 5, there are five interpretations corresponding to the attitude in
Basic Calculus, namely: Very Positive, Positive, Neither, Negative, and Very
Negative. Very Positive level means that the attitude is 50-100% positive, and the
mean range is 4.50-5.00. Positive level means that the attitude is 1-49% positive,
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and the mean range is 3.50-4.29. Neither level means that the attitude is neither
positive nor negative, and the mean range is 2.50-3.49. Negative level means the
attitude is 1-49% negative, and the mean range is 1.50-2.49. Very Negative level
means the attitude is 50-100% negative, and the mean range is 1.00-1.49.
Box 6 shows the criteria used in interpreting the academic performance of
the respondents.
Box 6. Criteria for interpreting the mean for the academic performance
Mean Range Interpretation Verbal Description
4.50-5.00 Advanced The performance is highest at 90-100%.
3.50-4.49 Proficient The performance is high at 85-89%.
2.50-3.49 Approaching Proficiency The performance is moderate at 80-84%.
1.50-2.49 Developing The performance is low at 75-79%.
1.00-1.49 Beginning The performance is lowest at 74% and below
In Box 6, there are five interpretations corresponding to the respondents’
academic performance, namely: Advanced, Proficient, Approaching Proficiency,
Developing, and Beginning. Advanced means that the scale is highest at 90-
100%, and the mean range is 4.50-5.00. Proficient means that the scale is high
at 85-89%, and the mean range is 3.50-4.29. Approaching Proficiency means
that the scale is moderate at 80-84%, and the mean range is 2.50-3.49.
Developing means scale is low at 75-79%, and the mean range is 1.50-2.49.
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Beginning means the scale is lowest at 74% and below, and the mean range is
1.00-1.49.
Hence, it analyzes and interprets the data gathered and leads to the result
of the study.
Statistical Tools
The researcher employed frequency count, percentage and mean for the
items requiring descriptive statistics. However, to determine if there is a
significant relationship between the level of motivation and self-efficacy the
researcher employed Pearson’s r for significant relationship.