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Java - Overview
Java programming language was originally developed by Sun Microsystems, which was initiated by
James Gosling and released in 1995 as a core component of Sun Microsystems' Java platform
(Java 1.0 [J2SE]).
The latest release of the Java Standard Edition is Java SE 23. With the advancement of Java and its
widespread popularity, multiple configurations were built to suit various types of platforms. For
example: J2EE for Enterprise Applications, J2ME for Mobile Applications.
The new J2 versions were renamed as Java SE, Java EE, and Java ME, respectively. Java is
guaranteed to be Write Once, Run Anywhere.
Java is −
Object-Oriented: In Java, everything is an object. Java can be easily extended since it is
based on the object model.
Platform Independent: Unlike many other programming languages, including C and C++,
when Java is compiled, it is not compiled into a platform-specific machine but rather into
platform-independent byte code. This byte code is distributed over the web and interpreted
by the virtual machine (JVM) on whichever platform it is being run on.
Simple: Java is designed to be easy to learn. If you understand the basic concept of OOP
Java, it would be easy to master.
Secure: With Java's secure feature, it enables the development of virus-free, tamper-free
systems. Authentication techniques are based on public-key encryption.
Architecture-neutral: The Java compiler generates an architecture-neutral object file format,
which makes the compiled code executable on many processors with the presence of the
Java runtime system.
Portable: Being architecture-neutral and having no implementation-dependent aspects of the
specification makes Java portable. Compiler in Java is written in ANSI C with a clean
portability boundary, which is a POSIX subset.
Robust: Java makes an effort to eliminate error-prone situations by emphasizing mainly
compile-time error checking and runtime checking.
Multithreaded: With Java's multithreaded feature, it is possible to write programs that can
perform many tasks simultaneously. This design feature allows the developers to construct
interactive applications that can run smoothly.
Interpreted: Java byte code is translated on the fly to native machine instructions and is not
stored anywhere. The development process is more rapid and analytical since the linking is
an incremental and light-weight process.
High Performance: With the use of just-in-Time compilers, Java enables high performance.
Distributed: Java is designed for the distributed environment of the internet.
Dynamic: Java is considered to be more dynamic than C or C++ since it is designed to adapt
to an evolving environment. Java programs can carry an extensive amount of run-time
information that can be used to verify and resolve accesses to objects in run-time.
Hello World using Java Programming
Just to give you a little excitement about Java programming, I'm going to give you a small
conventional Java Hello World program, You can try it using Edit and Run.
public class MyFirstJavaProgram {
/* This is my first java program.
* This will print 'Hello World' as the output
*/
public static void main(String []args) {
[Link]("Hello World"); // prints Hello World
}
}
History of Java
James Gosling initiated Java language project in June 1991 for use in one of his many set-top box
projects. The language, initially called 'Oak' after an oak tree that stood outside Gosling's office, also
went by the name 'Green' and ended up later being renamed as Java, from a list of random words.
Sun released the first public implementation as Java 1.0 in 1995. It promised Write Once, Run
Anywhere (WORA), providing no-cost run-times on popular platforms.
On 13 November, 2006, Sun released much of Java as free and open source software under the
terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL).
On 8 May, 2007, Sun finished the process, making all of Java's core code free and open-source, aside
from a small portion of code to which Sun did not hold the copyright.
Tools You Will Need
For performing the examples discussed in this tutorial, you will need a Pentium 200-MHz computer
with a minimum of 64 MB of RAM (128 MB of RAM recommended).
You will also need the following softwares −
Linux 7.1 (or higher) or Windows xp/7/8 operating system or higher
Java JDK 8 or higher
Microsoft Notepad or any other text editor
This tutorial will provide the necessary skills to create GUI, networking, and web applications using
Java.
What is Next?
The next chapter will guide you to how you can obtain Java and its documentation. Finally, it
instructs you on how to install Java and prepare an environment to develop Java applications.