C Programming Quick Exam Notes With
Example Codes
Simple English + Point Wise Notes + Important Example Programs
1. Basic Structure of C Program
• Every C program starts from main() function.
• Header files are included using #include.
• Statements end with semicolon (;).
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
printf("Hello World");
return 0;
}
2. Data Types and Variables
• int stores integers.
• float stores decimal numbers.
• char stores characters.
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int age = 18;
float mark = 95.5;
char grade = 'A';
printf("%d\n", age);
printf("%f\n", mark);
printf("%c", grade);
return 0;
}
3. Input and Output
• printf() displays output.
• scanf() takes input from user.
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int num;
printf("Enter a number: ");
scanf("%d", &num);
printf("You entered %d", num);
return 0;
}
4. Operators
• Arithmetic operators: +, -, *, /, %.
• Relational operators compare values.
• Logical operators combine conditions.
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a = 10, b = 5;
printf("%d\n", a+b);
printf("%d\n", a-b);
printf("%d\n", a*b);
return 0;
}
5. If Else Statement
• Used for decision making.
• Condition true → if block executes.
• Condition false → else block executes.
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int age = 20;
if(age >= 18)
{
printf("Eligible");
}
else
{
printf("Not Eligible");
}
return 0;
}
6. Switch Statement
• Used for multiple choices.
• break stops execution.
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int day = 2;
switch(day)
{
case 1:
printf("Monday");
break;
case 2:
printf("Tuesday");
break;
default:
printf("Invalid");
}
return 0;
}
7. Loops
• for loop repeats fixed times.
• while loop checks condition first.
• do while executes at least once.
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i;
for(i=1; i<=5; i++)
{
printf("%d\n", i);
}
return 0;
}
8. Arrays
• Array stores multiple values.
• Index starts from 0.
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a[3] = {10,20,30};
printf("%d", a[1]);
return 0;
}
9. Strings
• String is collection of characters.
• Stored in char array.
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
char name[] = "Abdul";
printf("%s", name);
return 0;
}
10. Functions
• Function is reusable block of code.
• Improves modularity.
#include<stdio.h>
void greet()
{
printf("Welcome");
}
int main()
{
greet();
return 0;
}
11. Recursion
• Function calls itself.
• Must contain stopping condition.
#include<stdio.h>
int fact(int n)
{
if(n==1)
return 1;
return n * fact(n-1);
}
int main()
{
printf("%d", fact(5));
return 0;
}
12. Pointers
• Pointer stores address of variable.
• & gives address.
• * accesses value.
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a = 10;
int *p;
p = &a;
printf("%d", *p);
return 0;
}
13. Structure
• Structure stores different data types together.
#include<stdio.h>
struct Student
{
int id;
char name[20];
};
int main()
{
struct Student s1 = {1, "Abdul"};
printf("%d", [Link]);
return 0;
}
14. File Handling
• Files are used for permanent storage.
• fopen() opens file.
• fclose() closes file.
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
FILE *fp;
fp = fopen("[Link]", "w");
fprintf(fp, "Hello");
fclose(fp);
return 0;
}
Exam Writing Tip: First write definition, then syntax/program, then output and advantages.