AS LEVEL CHEMISTRY
ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND THE PERIODIC TABLE
MONTHLY ASSESSMENT TEST
Answer all questions
Max 80 marks
Date :
Duration :1hr
Name ……………………………………………………………..
Mark ……../80 ……....% Grade ………
A ≥ 72
B ≥ 64
C ≥ 56
D ≥ 48
E less than 48
ZAINUL ARFEEN 1
1. A naturally occurring sample of the element boron has a relative atomic mass of 10.8.
In this sample, boron exists as two isotopes, 10B and 11B
(i) Calculate the percentage abundance of 10B in this naturally occurring
sample of boron.
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(2)
(ii) State, in terms of fundamental particles, why the isotopes 10B and 11B have
similar chemical reactions.
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(1)
(Total 3 marks)
2. (a) State the meaning of the term mass number of an isotope.
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(1)
(b) Give the symbol of the element that has an isotope with a mass number of 68 and
has 38 neutrons in its nucleus.
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(1)
(c) In a mass spectrometer, the isotopes of an element are separated.
Two measurements for each isotope are recorded on the mass spectrum.
State the two measurements that are recorded for each isotope.
Measurement 1 ....................................................................................
Measurement 2 ....................................................................................
(2)
ZAINUL ARFEEN 2
(d) A sample of element R contains isotopes with mass numbers of 206, 207 and 208
in a 1:1:2 ratio of abundance.
(i) Calculate the relative atomic mass of R. Give your answer to one decimal
place.
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(3)
(ii) Identify R.
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(1)
(iii) All the isotopes of R react in the same way with concentrated nitric acid.
State why isotopes of an element have the same chemical properties.
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(1)
(Total 9 marks)
ZAINUL ARFEEN 3
3. A mass spectrometer can be used to investigate the isotopes in an element.
(a) Define the term relative atomic mass of an element.
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(2)
(b) Element X has a relative atomic mass of 47.9
Identify the block in the Periodic Table to which element X belongs and give the
electron configuration of an atom of element X.
Calculate the number of neutrons in the isotope of X which has a mass number 49
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(3)
(c) The mass spectrum of element Z is shown below.
Use this spectrum to calculate the relative atomic mass of Z, giving your answer to
one decimal place.
Identify element Z.
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(4)
ZAINUL ARFEEN 4
(d) State how vaporised atoms of Z are converted into Z+ ions in a mass
spectrometer.
State and explain which of the Z+ ions formed from the isotopes of Z in part (c) will
be have the shortest time of flight in a mass spectrometer.
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(4)
(e) Explain briefly how the relative abundance of an ion is measured in a mass
spectrometer.
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(2)
(Total 15 marks)
ZAINUL ARFEEN 5
4. The element rubidium exists as the isotopes 85Rb and 87Rb
(a) State the number of protons and the number of neutrons in an atom of the isotope
85Rb
Number of protons .........................................................................................
Number of neutrons .......................................................................................
(2)
(b) Explain how the gaseous atoms of rubidium are ionised in a mass
spectrometer
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(2)
(c) (i) State the block of elements in the Periodic Table that contains rubidium.
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(1)
(ii) Deduce the full electron configuration of a rubidium atom.
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(1)
(d) A sample of rubidium contains the isotopes 85Rb and 87Rb only.
The isotope 85Rb has an abundance 2.5 times greater than that of 87Rb
Calculate the relative atomic mass of rubidium in this sample.
Give your answer to one decimal place.
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(3)
(e) By reference to the relevant part of the mass spectrometer, explain how the
abundance of an
isotope in a sample of rubidium is determined.
Name of relevant part ....................................................................................
Explanation ....................................................................................................
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(2)
(Total 11 marks)
ZAINUL ARFEEN 6
5. The element nitrogen forms compounds with metals and non-metals.
(a) Nitrogen forms a nitride ion with the electron configuration 1s2 2s2 2p6
Write the formula of the nitride ion.
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(1)
(b) An element forms an ion Q with a single negative charge that has the same
electron configuration as the nitride ion.
Identify the ion Q.
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(1)
(Total 2 marks)
6. Lithium hydride, LiH, is an ionic compound containing the hydride ion, H–
Give the electronic configuration of the hydride ion, H–
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(1)
(Total 1 marks)
ZAINUL ARFEEN 7
7. There is a general trend in the values of the first ionisation energies of the elements Na to
Ar.
The first ionisation energies of the elements Al and S deviate from this trend.
(a) Write an equation, including state symbols, to represent the process for which the
energy change is the first ionisation energy of Na.
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(2)
(b) State and explain the general trend in the values of the first ionisation energies of
the elements Na to Ar.
Trend ...........................................................................................................
Explanation ..................................................................................................
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(3)
(c) State how, and explain why, the values of the first ionisation energies of the
elements Al and S deviate from the general trend.
How the values deviate from the trend .........................................................
Explanation for Al .........................................................................................
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Explanation for S ..........................................................................................
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(5)
(Total 10 marks)
ZAINUL ARFEEN 8
8. (a) What is meant by the term first ionisation energy?
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(2)
(b) The diagram below shows the variation in first ionisation energy across Period 3.
(i) What is the maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in an
s sub-level?
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(ii) What evidence from the diagram supports your answer to part (d)(i)?
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(iii) What evidence from the diagram supports the fact that the 3p sub-level is
higher in energy than the 3s?
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(iv) What evidence from the diagram supports the fact that no more than three
unpaired electrons can be accommodated in the 3p sub-level?
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(5)
(Total 7 marks)
ZAINUL ARFEEN 9
9. (a) Use your knowledge of electron configuration and ionisation energies to answer
this question.
The following diagram shows the second ionisation energies of some Period 3
elements.
(i) Draw an ‘X’ on the diagram to show the second ionisation energy of sulfur.
(1)
(ii) Write the full electron configuration of the Al2+ ion.
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(1)
(iii) Write an equation to show the process that occurs when the second
ionisation energy of aluminium is measured.
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(1)
(iv) Give one reason why the second ionisation energy of silicon is lower than
the second ionisation energy of aluminium.
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(1)
(b) Predict the element in Period 3 that has the highest second ionisation energy.
Give a reason for your answer.
Element ........................................................................................................
Reason .........................................................................................................
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(2)
ZAINUL ARFEEN 10
(c) The following table gives the successive ionisation energies of an element in
Period 3.
Fourt
First Second Third Fifth Sixth
h
Ionisation energy
786 1580 3230 4360 16100 19800
/ kJ mol−1
Identify this element.
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(1)
(d) Explain why the ionisation energy of every element is endothermic.
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(Extra space) .................................................................................................
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(1)
(Total 8 marks)
ZAINUL ARFEEN 11
10. (a) Complete the electronic configuration for the sodium ion, Na+
ls2 .................................................................................................................
(1)
(b) (i) Write an equation, including state symbols, to represent the process for
which the energy change is the second ionisation energy of sodium.
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(2)
(ii) Explain why the second ionisation energy of sodium is greater than the
second ionisation energy of magnesium.
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(3)
(iii) An element X in Period 3 of the Periodic Table has the following successive
ionisation energies.
First Second Third Fourth
Ionisation energies / kJ mol–
1 577 1820 2740 11600
Deduce the identity of element X.
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(1)
(c) State and explain the trend in atomic radius of the Period 3 elements from sodium
to chlorine.
Trend ...........................................................................................................
Explanation ..................................................................................................
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(3)
(Total 10 marks)
ZAINUL ARFEEN 12
11. Which one of the following is a correct electron arrangement?
A Cu+ is [Ar]3d94s1
B Cu is [Ar]3d104s2
C Cu2+ is [Ar]3d84s1
D Cu+ is [Ar]3d10
(Total 1 mark)
12. Which one of the following lists the first ionisation energies (in kJ mol−1) of the elements
Mg, Al, Si, P and S in this order?
A 577 786 1060 1000 1260
B 736 577 786 1060 1000
C 786 1060 1000 1260 1520
D 1060 1000 1260 1520 418
(Total 1 mark)
13. Which one of the following atoms has only two unpaired electrons in its ground (lowest
energy) state?
A helium
B beryllium
C nitrogen
D oxygen
(Total 1 mark)
14. In which one of the following pairs is the first ionisation energy of element Y greater
than that of element X?
electronic electronic
configuration configuration
of element X of element Y
A 1s1 ls2
B 1s2 2s2 ls22s2 2p1
C 1s2 2s22p3 ls22s22p4
D 1s2 2s22p6 ls22s22p6 3s1
(Total 1 mark) BEST OF LUCK
ZAINUL ARFEEN 13