1.

Introduction
Jean-Paul Sartre's "Existence precedes Essence" is a significant and
controversial philosophical work, which details the ways in which existentialism
is a viable approach to understanding the self and the world. The essay itself
seeks to provide an account of "Existence precedes Essence" by defining what
each term means and how they come together to form a philosophy. The term
"existence" refers to the act or state of being, a continuing life or a life without
an end, while "essence" is the characteristic or attributes of something, which
it has in complete independence of anything else. Existentialism broadly is a
certain perspective in philosophy that can be a response to any number of
different philosophical problems. Writers on standpoint epistemology, critical
race theory, the naturalism in the philosophy of mind and individuals writing in
French existential phenomenology and it is also an innovative and
revolutionary theory that challenges these difficulties, guiding one to think
critically about where values come from as it's stated in the suggestion of the
story "The Bench". This is a validation of existence preceding essence because
given human beings' own states of affairs and choices, the essence of what it
means to be a person is far from one single characteristic. The more one tries
to point to any essential attribute, the more it becomes clear that such an
attribute does not define the term, and that is found generally among every
person. Sartre's philosophical approach is part of a long history of
consideration of what it means to exist, especially in relation to a concept of
God and the idea that human beings could have been created for a purpose.
However, Sartre's argument that we have no predetermined purpose and that
we define ourselves on the basis of our adopted projects is one that still
commands respect today. "Existence precedes Essence" is therefore not so
much an attack on other viewpoints as a dismantling of the idea that God's
having created us means we must have a fixed nature. This is one of the most
influential aspects of Sartre's work and reflects the continuing relevance of
existentialism today. Theodore Sizer defines Existentialism through the idea of
existence clashing essence by giving the example of "bench" before describing
how the school focuses on students therefore its essence changes which leads
into a sequence of changes that may have taken place with the students sitting
existences formulated. He emphasized that essence is the potential existence
and that "man must create his own essence: it is in throwing himself into the
world, suffering there, struggling there, that he gradually defines himself" -that
is Existentialism such as Jean Sartre and Albert Camus'. No matter what is "the
player in the movement and the world is the other party", he must exist in the
order of things and is going to be what he makes of himself. He never choose
what he is to be although the chosen plan was certainly the best one can
assume. He argued that Existence precedes Essence and human is free.
1.1 Background of Sartre's Essay
Jean-Paul Sartre's "Existence Precedes Essence" is a significant essay in
existential philosophy that provides a new perspective to traditional Cartesian
metaphysical dualism. The Cartesian metaphysical dualism is a theory in
philosophy that suggests the world consists of two fundamental kinds of
components: mind or soul and body or matter. The body or matter is extended
in space and can be affected by matter, but the mind or soul cannot be
extended in space and cannot be in motion. Yet, the soul can affect the body
because, according to Descartes, humans are rational beings and have free will.
Animals do not have this power. So, this theory implicitly suggests the existence
of God. This concept is famously known as the "Cartesian Circle," which is one
of the major flaws of the theory. Additionally, Descartes explained his ideas
about the mind and the body existing as two totally different substances, and
his ideas have heavily influenced Christian theology and philosophy for several
centuries. The first section of the essay is crucial in understanding the general
ideas of this essay. The goal of the essay is to evaluate the overall nature of
Cartesian metaphysical dualism and re-evaluate not only what is acceptable in
philosophical traditions but also in contemporary Western life. In order to
understand how the mind and the body exist in different ways, we have to
think about what sort of thing is not a substitute for another and how we can
explain those phenomena continuously. However, Sartre analyzes the nature of
human existence and responsibility by rejecting the Cartesian theory.
"Existence Precedes Essence" reflects Sartre's continuous philosophy, in which
he views it as important to rise above and act outside of fatalism and
determinism in modern Western social and political life. He tries to destroy the
basic presupposition of Cartesian metaphysical dualism, which is that the
existence of immaterial substance and matter are two totally different things
that have no causal relationship with each other. He tries to argue that there
are existences which can be nominal essences; that is, they are mind-
dependent and shape what sort of thing it is, such as a heart and a knife. But
for human beings, there is no fixed nominal essence prior to our existence, and
what sort of thing we are completely depends on our actions, decisions, and
choices. This also implies his famous phrase: "Man is nothing else but what he
purposes, he exists, only that is, he's aware of himself..."; man first of all exists,
encounters himself, surges up in the world, and defines himself afterwards.
This is known as the human condition. Sartre also challenges the widely
acceptable idea of rationality and free choice, which are regarded as the
essential qualities of human beings. He views that contemporary Western
philosophers assume freedom is purely the ability to make rational choices and
take action without external coercion. Thus, this enables the autonomy of
reason. He claims that Cartesian dualists fall into a kind of theoretical self-
deception compared to the existentialists. Although it recognizes that the
person is indeed free and proposes that what is physical cannot be a real set of
human beings' faculties.
1.2 Purpose of the Essay
The purpose of the essay is to explain and define the two main principle
concepts, that is, existence and essence and how existentialism was advanced
in the 19th century by Kierkegaard and used by Heidegger in the 20th century,
especially when the human being was termed to be a creature filled with
anxiety and despair. However, the main aim of the essay is to focus on bringing
out the relationship between existence and essence, that is, man is a being
which exists first, then each individual spends a lifetime changing their essence.
Sartre suggests that it is man who defines himself; that man is the one who
chooses and makes himself to be what he wants to be. Sartre used this essay to
give a reply to those people who said that his concept of existentialism was
pessimistic. He used this essay also to give a response to people who think that
what he wrote about was quite practical. Through this essay, Sartre changed
the thought of how one's life should be. He shifted it from political to the more
personal growth and achievement. With this essay, Sartre gives the reader a
better understanding of what he is standing for. He shows that the idea of
existentialism or "existence precedes essence" is the only one which could
explain our existence truly. His genius work, Existentialism and Human
Emotions, can be seen as a landmark work which highlights the idea of
existence precedes essence in a clear and plain manner. His works later
influenced multiple fields and still continue to do so. We find the concept of
literature where writers use characters and passages that are full of meaning
and are obscure to make the readers comprehend that existence precedes
essence. Even theologians find reliance on his great works when they are
looking for the absolute meaning of life and the human freedom given by God
to each and every person. He finds that through the idea of existence precedes
essence, he could show to what extent the idea of human freedom could be
validated.
1.3 Overview of the "Existence Precedes Essence" Term
"Existence precedes essence" is a central argument in Sartre's essay. It is a
slogan first coined by a 19th-century philosopher, Søren Kierkegaard, and is
highly praised by the French existentialist Jean-Paul Sartre. As a response to
traditional essentialism, which claims that there is a general human nature
shared by all humanity, and that each individual member of the human species
shares this nature, these common characteristics are the essence of what it is
to be human. We can classify individuals based on the shared essence, thereby
determining their identity. For example, a table's purpose is determined by its
creator, who has a vision for what a good table would look like. The creator's
initial existence is followed by the essence of the table. Similarly, if human
essence is to be defined, that essence must be defined as it is for all humans.
So, the first step for each individual is existence, and then that individual can
find a definition to fit into. This is why God is so important in traditional
essentialism: He is the Creator who created human beings. However, for
modern existentialists, God does not exist, and therefore, we have to face our
own radical freedom. First, this freedom can be quite frightening, and this
freedom can be responsible for our actions and choices. We are freely choosing
our own nature - defining ourselves as we go along - because there is no
human nature to start with. Sartre extends this idea and argues that the same
is true of the whole of humankind. He claims that if God does not exist, then
we find no values or commands that could legitimize our conduct. For Sartre,
not only do we have to bear the responsibility of our own actions, but this is
also true for all humanity. He maintains that when we say that man chooses
himself, we do mean that every one of us must choose himself, but by that, we
also mean that in choosing for himself, he chooses for all men. For more
importance is given to existence for modern philosophy, it provides a yardstick
to measure how well a person can realize his potential and satisfy his needs.
Sartre believes that existence can be made sense and spelled out. And with his
famous quote "existence precedes essence," we understand the contrast that
he makes against the traditional essentialist view. He is trying to reject the idea
that things have a predetermined nature while emphasizing it clearly on the
other side that humans are free to make themselves up and put a meaning into
life by their inbuilt freedom.
2. Understanding "Existence Precedes Essence"
In discussing and criticizing the relevant implications, Sartre's point of view is
critically important. According to him, "Existence precedes essence" forms the
foundation for his statement. This concept signifies that human beings first
come into existence and then define themselves through their actions. In my
view, this idea can be best understood by contrasting it with what other
philosophical theories hold. For instance, it can be compared with a view
known as "Theological Perspective". This is because those who regard theology
as the most important thing in life argue that God created human beings. As he
created them, He had a plan and an idea in mind. That means human beings'
lives are completely planned and guided. The opposite theory, a view called
"Deterministic Perspective", suggests that human beings are born with some
dispositions and the society in which they live in also put constraints in the
manner in which people can act. Some examples for these constraints include,
there are only some kind of works people can do, there are limitations on our
decisions etc. What are common in both theories? Well, they assert that there
exists a fixed point in everything; human beings' lives have been pre-
determined. However, French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre takes a different
position on this. As an existentialist, he believes that existence comes before
essence, that is to say, people make themselves to be what they are after they
come into this world. He also disagrees with the typical definition of essence.
Sartre re-defines essence as what people generally think. He insists that if God
does exist, things would be like what the Theological Perspective states. God
would have created people with certain essence and the essence of people
would precede their existence. What Sartre is trying to say is that if one can be
born from a genetic factor, raise through the parental care, and then plan for
the future and the plan can be realized in the future, then one is 'planned' and
'determined'. This is what "Existence precedes essence" tries to advocate.
2.1 Definition and Meaning of the Term
Despite the overarching career of Jean Paul Sartre and specifically the
enormous influence of his philosophical writings, scholars continually engage
with the radical claim of his famous slogan, "Existence precedes essence." The
phrase is intended to capture his position that human beings exist and define
themselves in the course of life by the choices that they make. Such a claim,
however, requires an elucidation on the concepts of "existence" and "essence."
In existentialist thinking, an "essence" of something is its meaning — what
makes it what it is. For example, a paper cutter has an essence because it was
designed and created for a specific purpose. It is defined and has its
significance. Sartre's view is associated with the fact that existence is a
condition which an individual must fill, a job one must take on in order to
create your own essence. He here is opposing the traditional Aristotelian view
that there was a purpose built in to humans at the moment of our creation –
our essence precedes our existence. Sartre applies this concept to the
traditional pursuit of philosophers of finding a 'human nature', something that
is supposed to define all people. He argues that with the modern rise of
empirical science and the availability of alternatives to God as a source of
secure meaning, humans have lost that essence, that what humans are is not
fixed. He claims that traditional philosophers are playing on the fear that
human existence is going to be found utterly 'purposeless', resulting in a form
of extreme anxiety. He calls out for the embrace of this anxiety and freedom in
his radical shift of philosophers' goals towards working out the meaning of
existence as living. Indubitably, the condition of the modern age with its
growing secularism and scientific progress indicates that having faith can no
longer help to give life's existence a meaning. Sartre's argument is bold, in that
it takes a lot to get one's head around the idea that existence is something to
be accomplished, to be created.
2.2 Historical Context and Influences
Sartre's philosophies were influenced by the earlier work of Heidegger and
Husserl, as well as by the events of his time. Husserl developed the area of
study known as phenomenology, which studies the structure of various types
of experience, while Heidegger developed it further, focusing on individual
experience and knowledge and discussing the question of being. Both
philosophers thought that the starting point for the study of knowledge was
individual human consciousness. This means that it is impossible to know
anything except through the means of a person's consciousness, which is the
only given thing in life. These ideas greatly influenced Sartre's position and help
to explain the reasoning behind his statement that 'Existence precedes
essence'. However, existentialism as we know it today was developed later in
the 20th century, as a result of the writings of Sartre and Heidegger, but also to
the events that surrounded this time. The two main events described by the
essay about historical context and influences are the Second World War and
the Holocaust. The Second World War is believed to have initiated
existentialism. Sartre believed all through his life that people were on their own
and had to take responsibility for their own lives - this statement takes on a
new meaning if you consider the period in which he said it. When France had
fallen to the Nazis in the Second World War, many of Sartre's works were
prohibited and were clandestinely published or presented. This implies a real
risk of persecution. In the context of France during the occupation, Sartre's
philosophy of freedom and the responsibility of making choices gained impact
as an important measure of liberation. He used his writings and his role as a
public intellectual to protest against the existentialist isolation, providing
counterpoints to the idea of individual freedom. He wanted to inspire people
to act to make constructive change in society and most importantly employed
his philosophy to try and promote different beliefs and ways of living. The
Holocaust as well had a big effect on existentialism; it gave a clear example of
what could happen when people were seen in terms of their essence and not
their existence. This is because existence allows for free will and creation of
essence, whereas essence takes that ability away. From as early as the 1920s,
but especially after the Second World War, writers used their talents to address
the issue of the Holocaust and the fear of its non-human actions taking over
the world. This gave a sign that existentialism was relevant and needed and the
writers used it as a way that literature could try and lead the world to
existentialist principles.
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2.3 Implications and Significance
"Existence precedes essence" by Sartre focuses on defending existentialism.
Since the rise of science and the so-called "Enlightenment era," it has been
mainly fashionable to consider existence as proceeding from a predetermined
essence of a being. For example, when humans make something, they have a
plan which they must bring about, a design. This is the essence of the human.
Whatever humans make is an object for humans in the first place. There is no
human art without a human basis. Whether this is a cup, a house, or a paper-
cutter, the object is first and for all an encouragement to humans. However, for
Sartre, "we do not believe in the existence of God, and thus there is no human
nature" (pg 345). So, first humans exist, turn up in the world, and only
afterwards define themselves. Humans do not have a defined human nature
because there is nothing which humans have to turn out to be. By taking the
example of God, his existence precedes his essence. Hence, "Existence
precedes essence" is one of the most vital tenets of Sartre's existentialism.
Sartre is generally recognized as the father of modern existentialism. The view
commonly goes by what Sartre coined as the "Existence precedes essence."
The "essence" of something is its meaning, what it is designed for. For example,
the essence of a pen is to write, and thereby the idea is in the mind of the
manufacturer who makes the pen. Sartre thus is opposing the traditional
viewpoint. By explaining the concept, it becomes absolutely what the term
really means. What Sartre is opposing in this term is not that when humans
make something, humans make it for a certain purpose. He is opposing that
humans have this freedom to choose whatever they are going to make or do.
Every human being knows this type of anxiety. Humans can never know in any
certainty that they are choosing the right thing. However, if there is no God as
Sartre says, "we know that we are responsible with our all action" (pg 345). If
God does not exist, humans cannot take a ready-made value. This means that
humans cannot make excuses for themselves or slyly pass the responsibility of
what humans do onto another man.
3. Critiques and Debates
Counterarguments to "Existence precedes essence" There are several criticisms
of the function of the concept of nature and the idea of an overall design to
things that existentialists construct their concept against. To say that we have a
meaning of life, Sartre feels, is to remove our liberty. The idea of an ultimate
goal is an obvious form of intention, and to have a creator at all - for instance,
to be like the pencil instance, in the classical example - removes the potential
for the thing to not fulfill its essence, which is another enormous problem.
Surely, Sartre himself admits at some point, someone wakes up in the morning
and decides to benefit the name of liberty and draw an utterly impromptu
production of a fox. This beaker would violate the design established by the
intention of its creator and so be a true demonstration of liberty; its
surrounding manufactured description feeble in comparison to the act of pure
scientist, dedicating themselves to the creation of something truly other. Such
an action of liberty is a great turning point in the controlled destiny of mankind,
and so here we find the main issue, the real punchline to Sartre's degradation
of dadhood: terror. If there is no creator, if indeed guy is free and guy is the
creator and standard of everything, does this not mean there isn't any purpose
at all for anything? The idea is the fact that to exist is because we're not yet a
thing, we're constantly stepping in the route of "what we are going to be"; but
this really is actually a very extreme sociopathic position to hold. Every other
consciousness we find, we have to assume isn't a robot merely listening to our
empire of speeches and gratuitously erecting it over and over. No; as Simone
De Beauvoir once famously replied in criticism to Sartre: "agony".
3.1 Counterarguments to "Existence Precedes Essence"
First, existentialists or people can argue that while we may not have an initial
meaning to our lives, we create our own essence through the decisions we
make. Critics argue that it is impossible to imagine a person with absolutely no
guidance or laws. Sartre, in his writing, mentions the example of a coward who
cannot believe that he is a coward and suddenly becomes a coward in his own
eyes. Critics argue that Sartre fails to explain why the man would believe that
he was a coward or give into social pressures at all and could have just as easily
found a different essence to give himself. This situation can also be used as one
of the counterexamples to Sartre's suggestion. If a patient wished to be cured
and a physician decided not to cure him, ignoring his wish, then the patient
would feel that his essence has been altered by the physician's decision. He
would start to believe that his freedom is undermined by the will of the
physician because the physician in his refusal of curing the patient is enforcing
his own decision. Critics would argue that Sartre's view does not allow for
people to change the way that they look at things or analyze a situation. This
criticism is aimed at the idea of our experiences, and other people in our lives
can provide us with any knowledge, so there is no way to change the fact that
something will have a certain use or point. Sartre's view of freedom is not
coherent with the possibility of the patient to actually change his mind. His
mind can only be changed if there would be something that would let him
change his mind. Actually, the example of self-deception and the example of
the patient share one thing in common: both examples would make a good
counterargument to 'existence precedes essence.' Therefore, it is clear that
Sartre's argument has many logical gaps and can be challenged in various
respects. By contrast, it is not possible to mention any sufficient and serious
counterargument from the existentialist point of view, because "free will" is the
founding stone of this philosophy, and the idea of the material world given a
predisposed essence to an inanimate object, something that existentialists
usually fight against. It is important to know that Sartre makes clear through his
intricate way of writing and sentence structure that the views are from his own
and the readers should see it from critics' point of view. His careful distinction
at the beginning of his example of self-deception and his refutation, scholars
and critics should separate the author's real belief and the possible
counterargument, and all in all, this follows the line of thoughts in the essay.
3.2 Alternative Philosophical Perspectives
Kierkegaard, an influential existentialist, believed in the concept of "free will,"
maintaining that individuals have the power and ability to control their own
actions and choices. In his book "Sickness Unto Death," Kierkegaard famously
writes, "What is a poet? A poet is an unhappy being whose heart is torn by
secret sufferings, but whose lips are so strangely formed that when the sighs
and the cries escape them, they sound like beautiful music... and then men
crowd about the poet and say to him: Sing for us soon again; that is to say, may
new sufferings torture your soul, and may your heart be full of woes." For
Kierkegaard, this passage illustrates the idea that an individual is confined to
his or her own circumstances and experiences, a life of true meaninglessness -
unless that individual takes action and creates something out of it. This idea is
much in line with the concept he articulates in "Sickness Unto Death," where a
person without a proper relationship to self will forever be in despair and in
despair he will be unable to be properly related to others. A correct
understanding of the self is what Kierkegaard is driving at in his whole
philosophy, and he maintains that the self is only in the process of becoming
and not a static being as like, say, a rock. He also believed that the "nature" or
"know thyself" form of the self was not a simple question and required a great
deal of work and reflection - it is quite difficult to go on the journey of
discovering one's true self. In summary, Kierkegaard's work and the concept of
"free will" offers an alternative view to "Existence Precedes Essence." This is
relevant to existentialism and Sartre's concept as it introduces broader debates
and inspires discussions. Sartre's idea is revolutionary and indeed has many
strengths worth of consideration. But it is vital and fascinating to see how other
philosophers have engaged with his concept and what discussion they have
brought to the existent body of scholarship.
3.3 Contemporary Relevance and Discussions
Postmodernism Many contemporary critics and scholars disdain the concept
"Existence Precedes Essence" and beliefs as out-of-date and previously
examined in the earlier phase of modernity. In our current postmodern milieu
where terrorism and globalization are the most important topics of debate, the
concentration has relocated to consumer culture, the politics of representation,
media analysis and cultural studies to more subject-subjected areas and the
issues of personal validation. The decreasing implication of existence itself and
a shift in focus, Freud's innovative principle of "Beyond the Pleasure Principle"
appears. Freud presents a compulsion to repeat and re-access dread rather
than a search for satisfaction. This is relevant because Sartre focuses
predominantly the drive to satisfaction and the rational psyche but neglects the
significance of dread, though he converses briefly on the topic. Also,
existentialists concentrate on the negative facets of actions but overlook the
unconscious, which Freud introduces, the potential engagement in oneself with
dormant possibilities, enlarging the space to breathe - the capability to
progress and endure failure and finally undertake responsibility. This idea gives
ground for more constructive frameworks, such as existential Dasein, where
freedom and independence are more factually engaged elements and life is a
positive step to achieving aims, viewed as a trip rather than a continuous fear
of a meaningless completion.

4.1 Summary of Key Points

The essay states that, "There is no universal human nature; humans are free
because their existence precedes their essence." Also, our own value can only
be made by ourselves and not by any external force. With this kind of concept,
the essay undermines reality. For in the world of existentialism, reality is what a
person wants it to be, rather than what it actually is. There are no substantial
physical or moral entities that exist in the abstract; there is no set human
nature or values. It is a view very similar to that of Jean-Paul Sartre's view that
"There is no human nature, because there is no God to have a conception of it.
Man simply is. Not that he is simply what he conceives himself to be, but he is
what he wills himself to be; Sartre believes that people are "condemned to be
free." For in humanity's case, humans can choose the sort of natures they will
have - humans choose themselves. Existentialism also believes that individuals
are subjective. It is only man that is to be achieved and only through their own
will. With the condemning to be free, the essay demonstrates that the choices
we make are the very thing that determines what we are - our existence. This is
supported with Jean-Paul Sartre's theory that "man first of all exists,
encounters himself, surges up in the world - and defines himself afterwards."
4.2 Evaluation of Sartre's Essay
The "Existence Precedes Essence" by Sartre is a vibrant and thought-provoking
essay that delves not only into the complex world of existentialism but also into
alternative philosophical approaches and religious ideologies. It provides a
jarringly different perspective to the previously established religious beliefs as
well as the ones suggested by materialism or idealism. The essay not only
demonstrates how rigidly these beliefs have been accepted for centuries, but
also shows how revolutionary the idea of "existence precedes essence" is; for
the first time in our history, the human existence is being defined subjectively
and not objectively. This topic is one that is very rich in its complexity, and its
sophistication which amply rewards careful study. The arguments therein are
precise, the writing style is clear, and above all, the suggestion therein is a tale
of why we are dissatisfied with things around us and how we might go about
our lives in a better way. For understanding and applying that idea, it's a story
of science, art, history, and it's in the service of humankind. Well, the essay
impresses me very much and I think I have been clarified very well that how
human lives have to be categorized and how different aspects to be taken into
account in dealing with our everyday problems and solutions. If I have a
chance, I would like to study more in this field. Then, it is worth recommending
to anyone and it does not require any philosophical background. It's a great
essay. Overall, I would say this is a very successful essay that calls for the
complete rejection of metaphysical concern and it calls for a broader, more
open way of considering human life. Sartre's vision is often best understood by
the way in which he demonstrates the problems created by traditional ways of
conceiving human life and offers such a general invitation to self-
understanding.
4.3 Future Directions for Research
The essay "Existence precedes essence" deeply questions the presence of a
god or world planner. It argues that people are very complex and life will have a
different meaning for each individual. Because humans are free to do many
things, that freedom is in the foreground of existence. This conclusion leads to
a place of having reason over faith, or in other words, a place of atheism over
theism. There are many variations and interpretations of the philosophical
argument "existence precedes essence". Some people have interpreted it in a
way that a painting's painter exists and then paints the art, thus essence
precedes existence. Some people have also stated that our essence comes first,
and then we construct our lives. Sartre's take on the argument is unique, but
the research suggests that more clinical understanding and exploration of the
different variations must be done. Especially in the psychological, social, and
ethical aspects of the findings. With the rise of the digital age and society
government, the comment Sartre made regarding freedom and its implications
to existence is becoming more significant. The study on the relevance of his
claim, in particular for the formation of our laws and morals in this "ultra over-
regulated new world", is worth for future researchers to investigate. However,
the problem this research may encounter is the depth of analysis of the ever-
changing modern politics and constitutional laws. As much of Sartre's work is
timeless, the information in the essay has had a huge impact on many people
with different backgrounds for decades. Sartre's argument on the idea of a lack
of a god to define for us ties in nicely to the field of atheistic movements.
Future researchers can investigate the various opinions and arguments that
have been made regarding this specific area and the implications they may
bring to the theist world, if done on an extensive level. With the growing
number and percentage of non-religion identified people, the studies involved
in these areas are expected to yield important and relevant results that will be
of interest to the academic and social community as well. The essay "Existence
precedes essence" deeply questions the presence of a god or world planner. It
argues that people are very complex and life will have a different meaning for
each individual. Because humans are free to do many things, that freedom is in
the foreground of existence.

4. Conclusion
The essay has argued that existence truly precedes essence. By denying the
infinite superiority of the existence that may be described as the ground of
essence, Sartre has collapsed the traditional view that essence takes prior to
existence. Actually, the essence is used to understand and explain the
existence. Some standard of morality is created by human beings use this
concept. By the standards, we are able to determine whether something is
good tools or bad tools. The thing in essence allows humans to assign
attributes to make an explanation of it. The freedom to do anything as well as
the limits on this freedom is in itself. The distinction between the in-itself of
the objects of the world and the for-itself of the human consciousness is the
starting point of Sartre's phenomenological analysis. Sartre has developed a
very special kind of existentialism and it is used by providing a human reality
based upon freedom and this is opposing to a fixed and subhuman way of
given in the world views. The freedom of essence is the foundation of
existentialist theory. Sartre's ideas of radical choice and justify are that theory
of existentialism. Because he has built his work of existentialism by many of the
ideas of the past philosophers. Also, existence indeed precedes essence in this
essay, the freedom that human being has developed their direction is the main
essence of the life. By the denial of the essence taking prior to existence, Sartre
has made the freedom of the life a great valuable which depend on each
intentional actions of the human being. Existence truly precedes essence we
are indeed responsible for what we are. It is an interesting way to evaluate the
human life. In order to understand others or the external world, the first step is
always start from the in charge of how to use the thing properly. The idea of
the good, bad, or freedom is going to be taken into account to explain the
behavior and the how the thing is being described. Without solving the
problems of the essence and the existence, hundreds of years of philosophers
from the Cartesian's down to Hegel have created a systematic and this system
free world essences by deleting freedom of life for the people. Sartre has
pointed out to be careful of the respect for the human and the recognition of
the subjectivity that we ourselves are. This breaks the absolutistic idea of the
existences of essences which we have to look further into his
ideasconsinometry, a man who is paying for his study through teaching may
find that his life and his decisions which are going to effect freedom of his
whole life are predestinated by this ground of his existences. However, we
cannot say that his students and his job are totally free given in advance in the
world. It is the teacher's freedom to give more or to care less in his students.
One can see that it is the uniqueness of the teacher which is his own essences,
help to explain what the teacher is. However, it cannot really matter if the
uniqueness of the teacher is the good teacher and the students who are being
taught does not recognize his uniqueness. Also his involvement and
communication with the students in the class and his passion for the subject.
And if the teacher does not even care for what the students want or need, he,
as the essences of the teacher, he will never thought of his problem or to think
in himself. So from every step of his internal to external behaviors and with the
relationship between people surrounding him, the conclusion of defining in
himself and gives a meaning of his existences could take place.

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