1.
Photosynthesis
2. Cfcs
3. Decrease In Energy At Higher Energy Levels.
4. Sun.
5. Phytoplankton Zooplankton Small Fish Large Fish.
6. Plastic
7. Aquarium
8. Population Of Tiger Increases And Population Of Grass Increases.
9. The Position That An Organism Occupied In A Food Chain Is Called Trophic Level.
10. Phytoplankton Zooplankton Small Fish Large Fish.
11. Convert Organic Material To Inorganic Forms.
12. Herbivores.
13. 1%
14. Grasshoppers and spider
15. Any form of precipitation that contains high levels of nitric and sulfuric acids is called acid rain. It can also occur in the form of
snow, fog, and tiny bits of dry material that settle to Earth.
16. Biosphere
17. Grass, goat, human
18. Unidirectional
19. Sun
20. Water
21. Decrease in energy at higher trophic levels.
22. Only bacteria and fungi
23. Biosphere
24. Trophic levels
25. Plastic
26. Groups (a), (c) and (d).
27. Grass, goat, human
28. All of the above
29. Plants Rats Snake Hawks
30. . D/(ii) and (iv)
31. D/99%
32. Chemicals/pesticides used by farmers get washed down into the soil or water bodies and affect biotic and abiotic components
of the ecosystem. These chemicals are mostly non biodegradable and get accumulated progressively at each trophic level
(Biological magnification). Thus, the health of the organisms of all trophic levels is affected.
PHYSICS- ELECTRICITY
1. (a) The two circuit components that are connected parallel in the circuit diagram is and R2 only.
2. (c) The metallic conductor is neutral.
3. (b) The expression which does not represent the electric power in the circuit is I2 / R .
4. (d) Resistivity of a metallic wire depends on the nature of the material.
5. (c) The increase in power dissipation will be 300% .
6. : (c) A student will observe some reading in the ammeter but no reading in the voltmeter.
7. OPT – D THE RATIO OF R/R IS 25
8. (c) The new resistance is 4R .
9. (a) According to the graph , R3 R2 R1
10. (c) Work done to move 1 coulomb charge from one point to another point on a charged conductor having potential 10 volt
is zero.
11. (c) The resistance of the combination is 9 .
12. A device that helps to maintain a potential difference between conductors is the battery.
ASSERTIONAND REASONING ANSWER
1. Assertion (A): The concentration of harmful chemicals is highest in human beings.
Reason (R): Man is at the apex of the food chain, leading to higher bioaccumulation.
Answer: (a)
2. Assertion (A): An aquarium needs regular cleaning, while a lake or pond does not.
Reason (R): An aquarium is an artificial ecosystem lacking natural decomposers to break down waste.
Answer: (a)
3. Assertion (A): Energy flow in an ecosystem is always unidirectional.
Reason (R): Energy captured by autotrophs does not revert back to the solar input and passes to herbivores.
Answer: (a)
4. Assertion (A): Ozone layer depletion is a serious threat to life on Earth.
Reason (R): Ozone forms in the upper atmosphere by O2 in the presence of UV radiation.
Answer: (b) (Both are true, but the reason does not explain why depletion is a threat).
5. Assertion (A): Food chains usually consist of 3-4 trophic levels.
Reason (R): Only 10% of energy is available for transfer to the next trophic level.
Answer: (a)
6. Assertion (A): Decomposers are vital to an ecosystem.
Reason (R): Decomposers break down complex organic substances into simple inorganic substances that go into the soil.
Answer: (a)
7. Assertion (A): Biodegradable substances can turn into pollution if accumulated.
Reason (R): They are broken down by biological processes quickly.
Answer: (c) (They do not typically turn into long-term pollution).
8. Assertion (A): Plants are known as producers.
Reason (R): They can trap solar energy and convert it into chemical energy.
Answer: (a)
9. Assertion (A): CFCs are responsible for ozone layer depletion.
Reason (R): CFCs react with oxygen to form ozone.
Answer: (c) (CFCs destroy ozone, they do not form it).
10. Assertion (A): Using cloth bags for shopping is better than plastic bags.
Reason (R): Plastic bags are non-biodegradable and cannot be broken down by microorganisms.
Answer: (a)
PHYSICS
1. Assertion (A): Bulb filaments use tungsten.
Reason (R): Tungsten has a high melting point and low resistivity.
Answer: C
2. Assertion (A): Thick wires have less resistance.
Reason (R): R∞ 1/A
Answer: A
3. Assertion (A): Metallic appliances use earth wire.
Reason (R): It offers a low-resistance path, preventing shocks.
Answer: A
4. Assertion (A): Alloys are used in heating elements.
Reason (R): They have higher resistivity and resist oxidation.
Answer: A
5. Assertion (A): Fuse wire has high resistance and high melting point.
Reason (R): It is a safety device.
Answer: D
6. Assertion (A): Current flows opposite to electrons.
Reason (R): Current flows in the direction of positive charge movement.
Answer: A
7. Assertion (A): Voltmeters are connected in parallel.
Reason (R): They have high resistance.
Answer: A
8. Assertion (A): Bending a wire changes its resistance.
Reason (R): R depends on length and area.
Answer: D
9. Assertion (A): Ohm's law applies to diodes.
Reason (R): V=IR holds for all materials.
Answer: D