DESIGN PROCEDURE FOR RIVETED JOINTS
1) RIVETED JOINTS FOR LONGITUDINAL JOINTS
Step 1: Select the type of sketch from table 13.14
From the selected sketch – find the value of I1 &I2
Where I1 is for no of rivets in single shear
& I2 is for no of rivets in double shear
Step 2: Diameter of rivet & rivet hole
𝒅 = 𝟔√𝒉 𝒕𝒐 𝟔. 𝟑√𝒉 − (𝟏𝟑. 𝟓𝒄)
Where h & d are in mm
Then select the standard diameter of rivet & the
Corresponding hole diameter from
table 13.2 (page no. 13.5)
Step 3: Longitudinal pitch
(𝟏.𝟖𝟕𝟓𝒊𝟐 +𝒊𝟏 )𝝅𝒅𝒉 𝟐 𝝉
(a) 𝑷 = + 𝒅𝒉 − (𝟏𝟑. 𝟑𝟎)
𝟒𝒉𝝈𝜽
P = ____ mm ---(i)
(b) Again calculating pitch from table 13.14 for the
selected sketch
P = ____ mm ---(ii)
From (i) & (ii)
Pitch ‘P’ = least value from (i) & (ii)
Step 4: Transfers pitch (Pt)
(a) From table 13.14 for selected sketch calculate Pt - (iii)
(b) Again calculating Pt from 13.11 (page no 13.7) – (iv)
.: transfers pitch Pt = greater value from (iii) & (iv)
Step 5: Margin
From table 13.14 for the selected sketch
m = ___ mm
Step 6: Thickness of cover plate (only for butt joint)
Step 7: width of cover plate (only for butt joint)
Step 8: length of overlap
Select from the sketch drawn
Step 9: length of shank
L= h + h1 +h2 + (1.5 to 1.7) D for butt joint - (13.31a)
L= h + hc + (1.5 to 1.7) D for butt joint single cover plate - (13.31b)
L= 2h + (1.5 to 1.7) D for lap joint - (13.31c)
Where D is diameter of rivet
Check for the preferred length from table 13.13
Step 10: efficiency of joint
(a) Strength of solid plate
𝑭𝜽 = 𝒑𝒉𝝈𝜽 − (𝟏𝟑. 𝟐𝟎)
(b) Strength of solid plate in tension
𝑭𝜽 = (𝒑 − 𝒅𝒉 )𝒉𝝈𝜽 − (𝟏𝟑. 𝟐𝟏)
(c) Strength of solid plate in shear
𝝅𝒅𝒉 𝟐
𝑭𝝉 = (𝟐𝒊𝟐 + 𝒊𝟏 ) 𝝉 − (𝟏𝟑. 𝟐𝟐)
𝟒
(d) Strength of solid plate in crushing
𝑭𝒄 = (𝒊𝟐 𝒉𝟏 + 𝒊𝟏 𝒉𝟐 )𝝈𝒄 − (𝟏𝟑. 𝟐𝟑)
Where h2 = h for lap joint
(e) Efficiency ,
𝒍𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒕 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 (𝟏𝟑. 𝟐𝟏, 𝟏𝟑. 𝟐𝟐, 𝟏𝟑. 𝟐𝟑)
𝜼=
𝑺𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒊𝒅 𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒆 (𝟏𝟑. 𝟐𝟎)
2) RIVETED JOINTS FOR CIRCUMFRENTIAL JOINTS
STEP 1: follow the steps from 1 to 10 from the design of
longitudinal joints
Step 2: For circumferential joint assume “double riveted lap joint
zig – zag arrangement”.
Select diameter of rivet d, diameter of rivet hole dh , margin m ,
thickness h and i1 & i2 from the previous step
Step 3: Total steam load
𝝅 𝟐
𝑭= 𝒅 𝑷
𝟒 𝒊 𝒇
Step 4: to find “min no of rivets”
(a) Shear strength of one rivet
𝝅
𝑭𝝉 = 𝒅𝒉 𝟐 𝝉 − (𝒊)
𝟒
(b) Crushing strength of one rivet
𝑭𝒄 = 𝒅𝒉 𝒉𝝈𝒄 − (𝒊𝒊)
𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒂𝒎 𝒍𝒐𝒂𝒅
(c) Min no of rivets =
𝐦𝐢𝐧 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 (𝒊) & (𝒊𝒊)
Step 5: Longitudinal pitch
(𝟏.𝟖𝟕𝟓𝒊𝟐 +𝒊𝟏 )𝝅𝒅𝒉 𝟐 𝝉
(a) 𝑷 = + 𝒅𝒉 − (𝟏𝟑. 𝟑𝟎)
𝟒𝒉𝝈𝜽
P = ____ mm ---(iii)
(b) Again calculating pitch from table 13.14 for the
selected sketch
P = ____ mm ---(iv)
From (iii) & (iv)
Pitch ‘P’ = least value from (iii) & (iv)
𝝅(𝑫𝒊 +𝒉)
(c) Check for min no of rivets =
𝑷
Step 6: Transverse pitch (Pt)
(c) From table 13.14 for selected sketch calculate Pt - (v)
(d) Again calculating Pt from TABLE 13.11 (page no 13.7) –
(vi)
.: transverse pitch Pt = greater value from (v) & (vi)
Step 7: length of overlap
Select from the sketch drawn
Step 8: efficiency of joint
(a) Strength of solid plate
𝑭𝜽 = 𝒑𝒉𝝈𝜽 − (𝟏𝟑. 𝟐𝟎)
(b) Strength of solid plate in tension
𝑭𝜽 = (𝒑 − 𝒅𝒉 )𝒉𝝈𝜽 − (𝟏𝟑. 𝟐𝟏)
(c) Strength of solid plate in shear
𝝅𝒅𝒉 𝟐
𝑭𝝉 = (𝟐𝒊𝟐 + 𝒊𝟏 ) 𝝉 − (𝟏𝟑. 𝟐𝟐)
𝟒
(d) Strength of solid plate in crushing
𝑭𝒄 = (𝒊𝟐 𝒉𝟏 + 𝒊𝟏 𝒉𝟐 )𝝈𝒄 − (𝟏𝟑. 𝟐𝟑)
Where h2 = h for lap joint
(e) Efficiency ,
𝒍𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒕 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 (𝟏𝟑. 𝟐𝟏, 𝟏𝟑. 𝟐𝟐, 𝟏𝟑. 𝟐𝟑)
𝜼=
𝑺𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒊𝒅 𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒆 (𝟏𝟑. 𝟐𝟎)
3) RIVETED JOINTS FOR WELDED JOINTS
Step 1: From table 12.3 select the type of weld
Calculate Cg i.e. (Calculate Cx & Cy value from sketch)
Calculate the value of r, e, cosθ
Step 2: Direct Load
𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒍𝒐𝒂𝒅 𝑷
𝑷𝒅 = = − (𝟏𝟐. 𝟏𝟕)
𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒇 𝒘𝒆𝒍𝒅 𝒍
Step 3: Load due to twisting momentum per unit length
𝑷𝒆𝒓
𝑷𝒏 = − (𝟏𝟐. 𝟐𝟎)
𝑱
Step 4: Resultant load
𝑷𝒓 = √𝑷𝒅 𝟐 + 𝑷𝒏 𝟐 + 𝟐𝑷𝒅 𝑷𝒏 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 − (𝟏𝟐. 𝟐𝟏)
Step 5: size of weld
𝑷𝒓
𝝉= − (𝟏𝟐. 𝟓𝒂)
𝟎. 𝟕𝟎𝟕𝒘𝒍
4) RIVETED JOINTS FOR DIAMOND JOINTS
STEP 1: Diameter of rivet & rivet hole
𝒅 = 𝟔√𝒉 𝒕𝒐 𝟔. 𝟑√𝒉 − (𝟏𝟑. 𝟓𝒄)
Then select the standard diameter of rivet & the
corresponding hole diameter from
table 13.2 (page no. 13.5)
Step 2: Thickness of plate (main / coverplate)
𝒉𝒄 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓𝒉
Step 3: width of the plate
𝑭 = (𝒘 − 𝒅𝒉)𝒉𝝈𝜽 − (𝟏𝟑. 𝟐𝟏 𝒔𝒊𝒎𝒊𝒍𝒂𝒓)
Step 4: to find no of rivets
(a) Shearing strength of one rivet
𝝅 𝟐
𝑭𝝉 = 𝟏. 𝟖𝟕𝟓𝒅 𝝉 − (𝒊)
𝟒
(b) Crushing strength of one rivet
𝑭𝒄 = 𝒅𝒉𝝈𝒄 − (𝒊𝒊)
𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒉𝒆𝒂𝒅
(c) No of rivets =
𝐦𝐢𝐧 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 (𝒊)& (𝒊𝒊)
Step 5: Margin
m = 1.5d to 1.75d - (13.11a)
Step 6: Longitudinal pitch
(𝟏.𝟖𝟕𝟓𝒊𝟐 +𝒊𝟏 )𝝅𝒅𝒉 𝟐 𝝉
(a) 𝑷 = + 𝒅𝒉 − (𝟏𝟑. 𝟑𝟎)
𝟒𝒉𝝈𝜽
P = ____ mm ---(iii)
(b) Again calculating pitch from table 13.14 for the
selected sketch
P = ____ mm ---(iv)
From (iii) & (iv)
Pitch ‘P’ = least value from (iii) & (iv)
Step 7: transverse pitch
𝑷𝒕 = 𝟐𝒅 𝒕𝒐 𝟐. 𝟓𝒅 – (13.6a)
Step 8: strength of solid plate
𝑭𝜽 = 𝒑𝒉 𝝈𝜽 − (𝟏𝟑. 𝟐𝟏)
𝑭𝜽 = 𝒘𝒉 𝝈𝜽 − (𝟏𝟑. 𝟐𝟏 𝒔𝒊𝒎𝒊𝒍𝒂𝒓)
Step 9: to find least strength
(a) Strength of plate along A – A
𝑭 = (𝒘 − 𝒅𝒉 )𝒉𝝈𝜽 − (𝟏𝟑. 𝟐𝟏 𝒔𝒊𝒎𝒊𝒍𝒂𝒓)
(b) Shearing strength of all rivets
𝝅
𝑭𝝉 = 𝒏𝒐 𝒐𝒇 𝒓𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒕𝒔 × 𝟏. 𝟖𝟕𝟓 𝒅𝟐 𝝉
𝟒
(c) Crushing strength of all rivets
𝑭𝒄 = 𝒏𝒐 𝒐𝒇 𝒓𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒕𝒔 × 𝒅𝒉𝝈𝒄
(d) Resistance to tearing along 2nd row & shearing along 1st row
𝝅
𝑭 = (𝒘 − 𝑪𝟏 𝒅𝒉 )𝒉𝝈𝜽 + 𝟏. 𝟖𝟕𝟓 𝒅𝟐 𝝉𝑪𝟐
𝟒
(e)Resistance to tearing along 2 row & crushing along 1st row
nd
𝑭 = (𝒘 − 𝑪𝟏 𝒅𝒉 )𝒉𝝈𝜽 + 𝒅𝒉𝝈𝒄 𝑪𝟐
Where C1 is no of rivets subjected to tearing
C2 is no of rivets subjected to shearing / crushing
Step 10: efficiency
𝒍𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒕 𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉
𝜼=
𝑺𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒊𝒅 𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒆
IMPORTANT DESIGN STEP IN RIVETED JOINTS
1. When h is not given
𝑷𝒇 𝒅𝒊
𝒉= + 𝒄 − (𝟏𝟑. 𝟏)
𝟐𝜼𝝈𝜽
where di is internal diameter (mm)
Pf is steam Pressure (N/mm2)
Joint efficiency is 𝜂
C is Clearence allowance
2. When h = greater or equal to 8mm
𝒅 = 𝟔√𝒉 𝒕𝒐 𝟔. 𝟑√𝒉 − (𝟏𝟑. 𝟓𝒄)
3. When h < 8mm
Equal strength of rivets in shear & strength of rivets in crushings
i.e., 𝑭𝝉 = 𝑭𝒄
i.e., (13.22) = (13.23)
4. given in the problem as “pitch in the outer most row is twice the
pitch in the inner row” or “allowance rows are missing”
if the above statement is given in the problem calculate P/2
to find efficiency calculate 13.20, 13.21, 13.22, 13.23, 13.24,
13.25 13.26
DESIGN PROCEDURE FOR RIVETED JOINTS
1) COUPLING JOINTS FOR SOCKET & SPIGOT COTTER JOINTS
STEP 1: Design of rod
4𝐹
Axial stress in the rod = 𝜎 = − (17.62)
𝜋𝑑2
Find ‘d = dia of rod’ from the above equation
Step 2: Design of spigot & cotter
(a) Crushing strength of the cotter
𝐹 = 𝑑1 𝑡𝜎𝑐 − (17.69)
Find ′𝑑1 𝑡 ′ - (i)
4𝐹
(b) Axial Stress = 𝜎 = 2 − (17.63)
𝜋𝑑1 −4𝑑1 𝑡
Substitute ′𝑑1 𝑡 ′ & calculate ′𝑑1 = 𝑑𝑖𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑔𝑜𝑡′ value
(c) Subtitute ′𝑑1 ′ in eq (i), calculate ‘t = thickness of cotter’
Step 3: Design of spigot collar
4𝐹
Bearing stress in collar = 𝜎 = − (17.68)
𝜋(𝑑2 2 −𝑑1 2 )
Find ′𝑑2 = 𝑑𝑖𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑔𝑜𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟′
Step 4: Design of socket
(a) Tensile stress in the socket
4𝐹
𝜎= 2 2 − (17.64)
𝜋(𝑑2 − 𝑑1 ) − 4𝑡(𝑑3 − 𝑑1 )
Find ′𝑑3 = 𝑑𝑖𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑒𝑡′
(b) Crushing Strength in socket
𝐹
𝜎= − (17.70)
𝑡(𝑑4 − 𝑑1 )
Find ′𝑑4 = 𝑑𝑖𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑒𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟 ′
Step 5: shear stress due to double shear at rod end
𝐹
𝜏= − (17.66)
2𝑎𝑑1
Find ‘a = distance of rod end’
Step 6: mean width of a collar
𝐹 = 2𝑏𝑡𝜏 − (17.65)
Find ‘b = mean width of a cotter’
Step 7: Thickness of a socket collar
𝐹
𝜏= − (17.67)
2𝑐(𝑑4 − 𝑑1 )
Find ‘c = thickness of socket collar’
Step 8: Thickness of spigot collar
𝐹
𝜏= − (17.72)
𝜋𝑑1 𝑒
Find ‘e’
Step 9: Thickness of socket at rod end
𝐹
𝜏= − (17.73)
𝜋𝑑1 ℎ
Find ‘h’
Step 10: max bending stress induced in cotter
𝐹(𝑑1 + 2𝑑4 )
𝜎𝑏 = − (17.73)
4 + 𝑏2
2) COUPLING JOINTS FOR SLEEVE TYPE COTTER JOINTS
STEP 1: Design of rod
4𝐹
Axial stress in the rod = 𝜎 = − (17.62)
𝜋𝑑2
Find ‘d = dia of rod’ from the above equation
Step 2: Design of cotter & enlarged end of rod
(d) Crushing strength of the cotter
𝐹 = 𝑑1 𝑡𝜎𝑐 − (17.69)
Find ′𝑑1 𝑡 ′ - (i)
4𝐹
(e)Axial Stress = 𝜎 = 2 − (17.63)
𝜋𝑑1 −4𝑑1 𝑡
′
Substitute ′𝑑1 𝑡 & calculate ′𝑑1 = 𝑑𝑖𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑔𝑜𝑡′ value
(f) Subtitute ′𝑑1 ′ in eq (i), calculate ‘t = thickness of cotter’
Step 3: Design of sleeve
(a) Tensile stress across the slot of the sleeve
4𝐹
𝜎= 2 2 − (17.64)
𝜋(𝑑2 − 𝑑1 ) − 4𝑡(𝑑3 − 𝑑1 )
Replace 𝑑3 𝑏𝑦 𝑑2 in the above equation
4𝐹
𝜎=
𝜋(𝑑2 2 − 𝑑1 2 ) − 4𝑡(𝑑2 − 𝑑1 )
Find ′𝑑2 = 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑙𝑒𝑒𝑣𝑒′
Step 4: Rod end distance from the slot
𝐹
𝜏= − (17.66)
2𝑎𝑑1
Find ‘a = rod end distance’
Step 5: mean width of a cotter
𝐹 = 2𝑏𝑡𝜏 − (17.65)
Find ‘b = mean width of a cotter’
Step 6: Sleeve end distance from the end of the sleeve
𝐹
𝜏= − (17.67)
2𝑐(𝑑4 − 𝑑1 )
Replace 𝑑4 𝑏𝑦 𝑑2 in the above equation
𝐹
𝜏=
2𝑐(𝑑2 − 𝑑1 )
Find ‘c’
Step 7: overall length / total length
𝐿 = 2(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)
3) COUPLING JOINTS FOR KNUCKLE JOINTS
STEP 1: Design of rod & rod end
4𝐹
(a) 𝜎𝑡 = − (17.46)
𝜋𝑑2
Find ‘d = dia of rod’ from the above equation
(b) Dia of rod end
𝑑1 = 1.2𝑑
STEP 2: Design of knuckle pin
2𝐹
(a) 𝜏 = − (17.53)
𝜋𝑑2 2
Find ‘d2 = dia of knuckle pin’
(b) Dia of pin head / collar
𝑑3 = 2𝑑2
(c) Thickness of pin head (collar)
ℎ = 0.5𝑑2
STEP 3: Design of an eye
(a) Thickness of an eye
𝑏 = 1.25𝑑
𝐹
(b) 𝜏= − (17.48)
𝑏(𝑑4 −𝑑2 )
Find ‘d4 = dia of eye’
(c) Check for failure in the eye due to tensile
𝐹
(𝜎𝑡 )𝑖𝑛𝑑 = − (17.47)
𝑏(𝑑4 − 𝑑2 )
(𝜎𝑡 )𝑖𝑛𝑑 < (𝜎𝑡 )𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛
(d) Check for the stress in the eye due to crushing stress
𝐹
(𝜎𝑐 )𝑖𝑛𝑑 = − (17.51)
𝑏𝑑2
(𝜎𝑡 )𝑖𝑛𝑑 < (𝜎𝑡 )𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛
Step 4: Design of fork
𝐹
(a) 𝜏 = − (17.50)
2𝑎(𝑑4 −𝑑2 )
Find ‘a’ – (i)
Also a = 0.75d – (ii)
a is larger value From (i) & (ii)
(b) Check for the failure in the fork due to tensile load
𝐹
(𝜎𝑡 )𝑖𝑛𝑑 = − (17.49)
2𝑎(𝑑4 − 𝑑2 )
(𝜎𝑡 )𝑖𝑛𝑑 < (𝜎𝑡 )𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛
(c) Check for the failure of the fork due to crushing
𝐹
(𝜎𝑐 )𝑖𝑛𝑑 = − (17.52)
2𝑎𝑑2
(𝜎𝑡 )𝑖𝑛𝑑 < (𝜎𝑡 )𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛
4) UNPROTECTED FLANGE COUPLING
Step 1: torque Transmitted
9550 × 103 × 𝑁
𝑀𝑡 = − (19.3𝑐)
𝑛
Step 2: Dia of shaft
3 16𝑀𝑡
𝑑=√ − (19.49)
𝜂𝜏 𝑑𝜋
Where 𝜂 = 0.75
Step 3: Design of flange
(a) Bolt circle dia
𝐷1 = 2𝑑 + 50 − (19.12𝑏)
(b) Hub dia
𝐷2 = 1.5𝑑 + 25 − (19.13𝑏)
(c) Length of hub
𝐿 = 1.25𝑑 + 18.75 − (19.14𝑑)
(d) Outer dia of flange
𝐷 = 2.5𝑑 + 75 − (19.14𝑏)
(e)Thickness of flange
𝑡 = 0.5𝑑
(f) Check for the stress in the flange
𝐷2
𝑀𝑡 = 𝑡(𝜋𝐷2 )(𝜏𝑓 ) − (19.6)
𝑖𝑛𝑑 2
𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 ′(𝜏𝑓 ) ′
𝑖𝑛𝑑
Step 4: Design of Bolts
(a) No of bolts
𝑖 = 0.02𝑑 + 3 − (19.1𝑏)
𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 ′𝑖′ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝑛𝑜 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠
(b) Dia of bolt
𝜋𝑑1 2 𝐷1
𝑀𝑡 = 𝑖 ( ) 𝜏𝑏 − (19.4)
4 2
Find ‘d1 = core dia of bolt’
Use table 18.7 & standardize
(c) Check for the stresses in the bolt
𝐷1
𝑀𝑡 = 𝑖(𝑑1 𝑙1 )𝜎𝑏 − (19.5)
2
𝐷1
𝑀𝑡 = 𝑖(𝑑1 𝑡)[(𝜎𝑐 )𝑏 ]𝑖𝑛𝑑 − (19.5)
2
𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 ′[(𝜎𝑐 )𝑏 ]𝑖𝑛𝑑 ′
Step 5: Design of keys
(a) Select taper sunk key based on the dia of shaft. Find the
width(b) & thickness(h) of the key.
Using table 17.4
(b) From table 17.5 based on ‘b’ & ‘h’ select the preferred
length of key
(c) Check for the stresses in the key
2𝑀𝑡
a. 𝑏 = − (19.50)
𝜏𝑑 2 𝑙𝑑
Find (𝜏𝑑 2 ) 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑
4𝑀𝑡
b. ℎ = − (19.51)
𝜎𝑏 ′ 𝑙𝑑
Find (𝜎𝑏 ′ )𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑
5) PROTECTED FLANGE COUPLING
Step 1: torque Transmitted
9550 × 103 × 𝑁
𝑀𝑡 = − (19.3𝑐)
𝑛
Step 2: Dia of shaft
3 16𝑀𝑡
𝑑=√ − (19.49)
𝜂𝜏 𝑑𝜋
Where 𝜂 = 0.75
Step 3: Design of flange
(a) Bolt circle dia
𝐷1 = 2𝑑 + 50 − (19.12𝑏)
(b) Hub dia
𝐷2 = 1.5𝑑 + 25 − (19.13𝑏)
(c) Length of hub
𝐿 = 1.25𝑑 + 18.75 − (19.14𝑑)
(d) Outer dia of flange
𝐷 = 2.5𝑑 + 85 − (19.14𝑏)
(e)Inner dia of flange
𝐷3 = 2.5𝑑 + 75
(f) Thickness of flange near thread
𝑡 = 0.5𝑑
(g) Thickness of protected flange
𝑡1 = 0.25𝑑
(h) Check for the stress in the flange
𝐷2
𝑀𝑡 = 𝑡(𝜋𝐷2 )(𝜏𝑓 ) − (19.6)
𝑖𝑛𝑑 2
𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 ′(𝜏𝑓 ) ′
𝑖𝑛𝑑
Step 4: Design of Bolts
(d) No of bolts
𝑖 = 0.02𝑑 + 3 − (19.1𝑏)
𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 ′𝑖′ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝑛𝑜 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠
(e)Dia of bolt
𝜋𝑑1 2 𝐷1
𝑀𝑡 = 𝑖 ( ) 𝜏𝑏 − (19.4)
4 2
Find ‘d1 = core dia of bolt’
Use table 18.7 & standardize
(f) Check for the stresses in the bolt
𝐷1
𝑀𝑡 = 𝑖(𝑑1 𝑙1 )𝜎𝑏 − (19.5)
2
𝐷1
𝑀𝑡 = 𝑖(𝑑1 𝑡)[(𝜎𝑐 )𝑏 ]𝑖𝑛𝑑 − (19.5)
2
𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 ′[(𝜎𝑐 )𝑏 ]𝑖𝑛𝑑 ′
Step 5: Design of keys
(a) Select taper sunk key based on the dia of shaft. Find the
width(b) & thickness(h) of the key.
Using table 17.4
(b) From table 17.5 based on ‘b’ & ‘h’ select the preferred
length of key
(c) Check for the stresses in the key
2𝑀𝑡
a. 𝑏 = − (19.50)
𝜏𝑑 2 𝑙𝑑
Find (𝜏𝑑 2 ) 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑
4𝑀𝑡
b. ℎ = − (19.51)
𝜎𝑏 ′ 𝑙𝑑
Find (𝜎𝑏 ′ )𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑
6) BUSH PIN TYPE COUPLING
Step 1: Dia of shaft
3 16𝑀𝑡
𝑑=√ − (19.49)
𝜂𝜏 𝑑𝜋
Where 𝜂 = 0.75
Step 2: Design of flange & pin
(a) No of bolts or pins
𝑖 = 0.02𝑑 + 3 − (19.1𝑏)
Select even no of bolts (i.e. 4 or 6)
Step 3: Design of hub
(a) Hub dia (pin side)
𝐷2 = 2𝑑
(b) Hub dia ( nut side) = 2𝑑
(c) Length of hub (pin side)
𝐿 = 1.375𝑑
(d) Length of hub (nut side)
𝐿 = 1.25𝑑
(e)Bolt circle dia
𝐷1 = 2𝑑 + 50 − (19.12𝑏)
Find D1
(f) outer dia of rubber bush (d’)
a. torque transmitted
𝐷1
𝑀𝑡 = 𝑖𝐹 − (19.33𝑎)
2
Find ‘F’
b. 𝐹 = 𝑃𝑏 × 𝑙 × 𝑑 ′ − (19.33𝑏)
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑃𝑏 = 𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑏𝑢𝑠ℎ
If Pb not given, assume ‘Pb = 1 N/mm2’
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑢𝑏𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑢𝑠ℎ, 𝑙 = 0.625𝑑
Find ‘d’
(g) Check for bolt circle dia
Bolt circle dia D1= {max hub dia} + d’ +2{Clearance}
Find ‘Clearence’
(i) To find pin dia d1
a.
d’ = d2 +2{thickness of brass bush + thickness of rubber
bush}
find d2
b. pin dia
𝑑2
𝑑1 =
1.5
Find d1 (d1 =dp)
From table 18.7 find the size of the thread
(j) Check for stresses in the pin
𝐹
a. 𝜏𝑝 = − (19.34)
0.785𝑑𝑝 2
Find 𝜏𝑝
𝑙
𝐹[2+𝑏]
b. 𝜎𝑏 = 𝜋 − (19.35)
𝑑 3
32 𝑝
where b = 0.1d
1
c. 𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 = [𝜎𝑏 + √𝜎𝑏 2 + 4𝜏𝑝 2
2
Find (𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 )𝑖𝑛𝑑
(𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 )𝑖𝑛𝑑 < (𝜎)𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒
Step 4: Design of flange
(a) Outer dia of flange
𝐷 = 𝐷1 + 2[𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑏𝑢𝑠ℎ] + 2[𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒]
+ 2[𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒]
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐷1 = 𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑎
𝑑′
= 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑢𝑠ℎ
2
Clearance = 5 to 8 mm
Thickness of circumferial flanges = 0.0625d
(b) Inner dia of flange
= 𝐷 − 2[𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑠]
(c) Thickness of flange [nut side]
= 0.375𝑑
(d) Thickness of flange [pin side]
= 0.625𝑑
(e)Check for the stress in the flange
𝐷2
𝑀𝑡 = 𝑡(𝜋𝐷2 )(𝜏𝑓 ) − (19.6)
𝑖𝑛𝑑 2
Where D2 = 1.75d , t = 0.375d
𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 ′(𝜏𝑓 ) ′
𝑖𝑛𝑑
(𝜏𝑓 ) < (𝜏𝑓 ) 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑎𝑓𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛
𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑙𝑙
Step 5: design of keys
(a) Select taper sunk key based on the dia of shaft. Find the
width (b) & thickness (h) of the key.
Using table 17.4
(b) From table 17.5 based on ‘b’ & ‘h’ select the preferred
length of key
(c) Check for the stresses in the key
2𝑀𝑡
a. 𝑏 = − (19.50)
𝜏𝑑 2 𝑙𝑑
Find (𝜏𝑑 2 ) 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑
4𝑀𝑡
b. ℎ = − (19.51)
𝜎𝑏 ′ 𝑙𝑑
Find (𝜎𝑏 ′ )𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑
7) BUSH PIN TYPE COUPLING
Step 2: Dia of shaft
3 16𝑀𝑡
𝑑=√ − (19.49)
𝜂𝜏 𝑑𝜋
Where 𝜂 = 0.75
Step 3: design of keys
(a) From table 17.1 assume taper sunk key with a taper 1:100
For the obtained dia of shaft calculate ‘b’ & ‘h’
(b) Check for the stresses in the key
a. Shear stress
2𝑀𝑡
𝑏= − (19.50)
𝜏𝑑 2 𝑙𝑑
Find 𝑙 – (i)
b. Crushing stress
4𝑀𝑡
ℎ= − (19.51)
𝜎𝑏 ′ 𝑙𝑑
Find 𝑙 – (ii)
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝜎𝑏 ′ = 𝜎𝑐 = 𝑐𝑟𝑢𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠
From (i) & (ii) selecting the larger value 𝑙
Step 4: (only if given)
Axial force required to drive the key home
𝐹𝑎 = 2𝜇2 𝐹 + 𝐹𝑡 tan 𝛽 − (17.11)
Where µ2 = 0.10
Tanβ = 0.0104 if the taper is 1:100
𝐹𝑡 = 𝐹𝜇1
Assume µ1=0.25
𝑀𝑡
𝐹𝑡 =
𝑟
Where Mt = torque transmitted [step 1]
r = d/2 = radius of shaft [step 2]