Python Program Flow Control:
Conditional Blocks
Introduction to Flow Control
• Flow control determines the order in which
individual statements, instructions, or function
calls are executed or evaluated
• Importance: Helps in decision-making and
repetitive tasks.
• Types: Sequential, Conditional, and Looping
constructs.
Conditional Blocks
• A construct used to execute specific blocks of
code based on conditions.
• Structure: Uses keywords like `if`, `else`, and
`elif` (else if).
Syntax of Conditional Blocks
Example 1 - if statement
• Checking if a number is positive.
number = 10
if number > 0:
print("The number is positive")
Output: "The number is positive"
Example 2 - if-else statement
• Checking if a number is positive or negative.
number = -5
if number > 0:
print("The number is positive")
else:
print("The number is negative")
Output: "The number is negative"
Example 3 - if-elif-else statement
Grading system based on marks
marks = 85
if marks >= 90:
print("Grade: A+")
elif marks >= 75:
print("Grade: A")
elif marks >= 60:
print("Grade: B")
else:
print("Grade: C")
Output: "Grade: A"
• Write a Python program that takes a number as input and checks whether it is positive,
negative, or zero. The program should display an appropriate message based on the
input.
• Write a Python program that takes three numbers as input and finds the largest among
them. The program should compare the numbers and print the largest one.
• Write a Python program that takes two numbers and an operator as input, then performs
the corresponding arithmetic operation (+, -, *, /). The program should handle division
by zero and invalid operators by displaying appropriate error messages.
• Write a Python program to determine a student's grade based on their marks out of 100.
The grading criteria are as follows:
• A: Marks ≥ 90
• B: 80 ≤ Marks < 90
• C: 70 ≤ Marks < 80
• D: 60 ≤ Marks < 70
• E: 50 ≤ Marks < 60
• F: Marks < 50
Write a Python program to calculate the electricity bill based on the number of
units consumed. The billing rates are as follows:
₹1.50 per unit for the first 100 units.
₹2.00 per unit for the next 200 units (101–300 units).
₹3.00 per unit for units above 300.
• The program should take the number of units as input and display the
total bill amount rounded to two decimal places.
1) Write a Python program to calculate the Body Mass Index (BMI) of a person based
on their weight and height, and categorize the individual into one of four health
categories: Underweight, Normal weight, Overweight, and Obesity.
• Underweight: BMI < 18.5
• Normal weight: 18.5 ≤ BMI < 24.9
• Overweight: 24.9 ≤ BMI < 29.9
• Obesity: BMI ≥ 29.9
Expt. 2 RP LAB
• Program 1: Check if a Number is Positive, Negative, or Zero
• Program 2: Find the Largest of Three Numbers
For Loops in Python
• For loops are used to iterate over a sequence (e.g., list,
tuple, dictionary, set, or string).
• Purpose: Automates repetitive tasks by executing code for
each item in a sequence.
• Iterates through each item in the sequence.
• Stops when the sequence ends.
• variable: A temporary variable that takes the value of each
item in the sequence, one at a time.
• sequence: The iterable (list, tuple, string, range, etc.) being
iterated over.
For Loops with Ranges
• The range() function generates a sequence of
numbers.
For Loops with Strings
• A string is a sequence of characters. A for loop
can iterate over each character.
For Loops with Lists
• Lists are collections of items that can be
iterated through using a for loop.
For Loops with Dictionaries
• Dictionaries store key-value pairs. You can
iterate over keys, values, or both.
Introduction to While Loops
• While loops execute a set of statements as long as a
condition is true.
• The condition is evaluated.
• If the condition is True, the code block is executed.
• After executing the code block, the condition is rechecked.
• The loop continues until the condition becomes False.
Loop manipulation using pass,
continue, break and else
pass:
• The pass statement is a placeholder and does nothing when
executed.
• It’s used to maintain the structure of code when no action
is required.
• Useful in situations where code needs to be written later.
Eg
for i in range(5):
if i == 3:
pass # Placeholder for future logic
print(i)
• break:
• Terminates the loop immediately, even if the
loop condition is still true.
for i in range(5):
if i == 3:
break # Exit the loop
print(i)
Using break to Exit a while Loop
Using continue to Skip Iterations
# Print numbers from 1 to 5, skipping 3
i=1
while i <= 5:
if i == 3: # Skip the number 3
i += 1 # Ensure the loop doesn't get stuck
continue
print(i)
i += 1
Practical Applications
• Examples:
• - Decision-making in games.
• - User authentication systems.
• - Controlling the flow of web applications.
Summary
• Key Takeaways:
• - Conditional blocks help in decision-making.
• - Syntax: `if`, `else`, and `elif`.
• - Use cases in real-world scenarios.
Q&A
• Do you have any questions?
Thank You
• For further queries, contact Prof. Mohini Naik.