Python Comments
Comments can be used to explain Python code.
Comments can be used to make the code more readable.
Comments can be used to prevent execution when
testing code.
Creating a Comment
Comments starts with a #, and Python will ignore them:
ExampleGet your own Python Server
#This is a comment
print("Hello, World!")
Comments can be placed at the end of a line, and Python
will ignore the rest of the line:
Example
print("Hello, World!") #This is a comment
A comment does not have to be text that explains the
code, it can also be used to prevent Python from
executing code:
Example
#print("Hello, World!")
print("Cheers, Mate!")
Python Data Types
Built-in Data Types
In programming, data type is an important concept.
Variables can store data of different types, and different
types can do different things.
Python has the following data types built-in by default, in
these categories:
Text Type: str
Numeric int, float, complex
Types:
Sequence list, tuple, range
Types:
Mapping dict
Type:
Set Types: set, frozenset
Boolean Type: bool
Binary Types: bytes, bytearray, memoryview
None Type: NoneType
Getting the Data Type
You can get the data type of any object by using
the type() function:
ExampleGet your own Python Server
Print the data type of the variable x:
x = 5
print(type(x))
Python Casting
Specify a Variable Type
There may be times when you want to specify a type on
to a variable. This can be done with casting. Python is an
object-orientated language, and as such it uses classes to
define data types, including its primitive types.
Casting in python is therefore done using constructor
functions:
int() - constructs an integer number from an
integer literal, a float literal (by removing all
decimals), or a string literal (providing the string
represents a whole number)
float() - constructs a float number from an integer
literal, a float literal or a string literal (providing the
string represents a float or an integer)
str() - constructs a string from a wide variety of
data types, including strings, integer literals and float
literals
ExampleGet your own Python Server
Integers:
x = int(1) # x will be 1
y = int(2.8) # y will be 2
z = int("3") # z will be 3
Example
Floats:
x = float(1) # x will be 1.0
y = float(2.8) # y will be 2.8
z = float("3") # z will be 3.0
w = float("4.2") # w will be 4.2
Example
Strings:
x = str("s1") # x will be 's1'
y = str(2) # y will be '2'
z = str(3.0) # z will be '3.0'
Python Strings
Strings
Strings in python are surrounded by either single quotation marks, or double
quotation marks.
'hello' is the same as "hello".
You can display a string literal with the print() function:
ExampleGet your own Python Server
print("Hello")
print('Hello')
Quotes Inside Quotes
You can use quotes inside a string, as long as they don't match the quotes
surrounding the string:
Example
print("It's alright")
print("He is called 'Johnny'")
print('He is called "Johnny"')
Assign String to a Variable
Assigning a string to a variable is done with the variable name followed by
an equal sign and the string:
Example
a = "Hello"
print(a)
Multiline Strings
You can assign a multiline string to a variable by using three quotes:
Example
You can use three double quotes:
a = """Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
consectetur adipiscing elit,
sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt
ut labore et dolore magna aliqua."""
print(a)
Or three single quotes:
Example
a = '''Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
consectetur adipiscing elit,
sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt
ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.'''
print(a)