Semi-Detailed Lesson Plan for Mathematics 9
The Law of Cosines
I. Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
1. Illustrate the Law of Cosines. (Indicator 1: Apply knowledge of content within and across
curriculum teaching areas)
2. Correctly solve for a missing side or angle in an oblique triangle using the Law of
Cosines. (Indicator 3: Use a range of teaching strategies that enhance learner
achievement in literacy and numeracy skills)
3. Accurately solve real-life word problems using the Law of Cosines. (Indicator 4: Use
research-based knowledge and principles of teaching and learning to enhance
professional practice)
II. Subject Matter:
Topic: Law of Cosines
Materials: PowerPoint Presentation, whiteboard and markers, calculators, worksheets,
ICT resources (Indicator 2: Ensured the positive use of ICT to facilitate the teaching and
learning process)
III. Procedure:
A. Review (10 minutes)
Recall the Law of Sines. (Indicator 1)
Discuss why the Law of Sines is insufficient for some cases.
Lead into the introduction of the Law of Cosines.
B. Motivation (5 minutes)
Show a short animation or real-life example of parallax (e.g., how scientists measure
distances of celestial bodies using the Law of Cosines). (Indicator 2)
Ask: "Why do we need another formula if we already have the Law of Sines?"
C. Lesson Proper (25 minutes)
1. Abstraction (10 min)
o Derivation and explanation of the Law of Cosines formula:
c²=a²+b²-2ab cosC
o Highlight when to use the Law of Cosines (SSS and SAS cases).
o Present and solve an example step by step. (Indicators 1 & 3)
2. Guided Practice (10 min)
o Solve problems as a class, emphasizing logical steps and correct notation.
o Use a PowerPoint simulation for better visualization. (Indicators 2 & 3)
3. Group Activity (5 min)
o Students solve a problem in groups of three and explain their solutions. (Indicator
6: Maintained supportive learning environments that nurture and inspire learners
to participate, cooperate, and collaborate)
D. Application (15 minutes)
Individual Practice: Solve a real-life word problem involving distances or navigation.
(Indicators 3 & 7: Applied a range of successful strategies that maintain learning
environments that motivate learners to work productively)
Group Work: Create a real-world scenario where the Law of Cosines applies and
present their solutions. (Indicator 6)
E. Assessment (10 minutes)
Answer a short quiz (multiple choice and problem-solving). (Indicator 3)
Self-assessment and peer review of answers. (Indicator 7)
IV. Assignment:
Research and write a short reflection on how astronomers use the Law of Cosines in
space exploration. (Indicator 4)
V. Reflection:
Ask students: "What did you find challenging in using the Law of Cosines?"
Discuss common errors and misconceptions. (Indicator 5: Used effective verbal and non-
verbal communication strategies to support learner understanding, participation, and
engagement)