Writing
Research into writing
• Does reading help writing ability?
• Does writing practice help develop writing ability?
• Can writing be taught?
• Do good writers go about the act of writing differently
from poor writers?
• Do good writers have different concerns in writing?
Research into writing
• Does reading help writing ability? Yes
• Does writing practice help develop writing ability?
• Can writing be taught?
• Do good writers go about the act of writing differently
from poor writers?
• Do good writers have different concerns in writing?
Research into writing
• Does reading help writing ability? Yes
• Does writing practice help develop writing ability? No
• Can writing be taught?
• Do good writers go about the act of writing differently
from poor writers?
• Do good writers have different concerns in writing?
Research into writing
• Does reading help writing ability? Yes
• Does writing practice help develop writing ability? No
• Can writing be taught? No
• Do good writers go about the act of writing differently
from poor writers?
• Do good writers have different concerns in writing?
Research into writing
• Does reading help writing ability? Yes
• Does writing practice help develop writing ability? No
• Can writing be taught? No
• Do good writers go about the act of writing differently
from poor writers? Yes
• Do good writers have different concerns in writing?
Research into writing
• Does reading help writing ability? Yes
• Does writing practice help develop writing ability? No
• Can writing be taught? No
• Do good writers go about the act of writing differently
from poor writers? Yes
• Do good writers have different concerns in writing? Yes
Writing involves similar stages to reading:
Writing involves similar stages to reading:
1. Pre-writing
Writing involves similar stages to reading:
1. Pre-writing 2. writing
Writing involves similar stages to reading:
1. Pre-writing 2. writing 3. Re-writing
Writing involves similar stages to reading:
1. Pre-writing 2. writing 3. Re-writing
1. Pre-writing:
Writing involves similar stages to reading:
1. Pre-writing 2. writing 3. Re-writing
1. Pre-writing:
• The student needs to know:
• the style
• type of organization
• effective ways to communicate
Writing involves similar stages to reading:
1. Pre-writing 2. writing 3. Re-writing
1. Pre-writing:
• The student needs to know: • This is done through:
• the style • discussion
• type of organization • taking notes
• effective ways to communicate • reading, etc.
2. Writing:
2. Writing:
Approach 1
2. Writing:
Approach 1
Writing
Thinking
2. Writing:
Approach 1
Writing
Thinking
2. Writing:
Approach 1
Writing
Thinking
2. Writing:
Approach 1
Writing
Thinking
2. Writing:
Approach 1
Writing
Thinking
2. Writing:
Approach 1
Writing
Thinking
2. Writing:
Approach 1
Writing
Thinking
2. Writing:
Approach 1
Writing
Thinking
2. Writing:
Approach 1
Revising and editing
Writing done throughout
the process
Thinking
2. Writing:
Approach 1
Revising and editing
Writing done throughout
the process
Thinking
Approach 2
2. Writing:
Approach 1
Revising and editing
Writing done throughout
the process
Thinking
Approach 2
Notes
2. Writing:
Approach 1
Revising and editing
Writing done throughout
the process
Thinking
Approach 2
Notes
2. Writing:
Approach 1
Revising and editing
Writing done throughout
the process
Thinking
Approach 2
Notes Draft
2. Writing:
Approach 1
Revising and editing
Writing done throughout
the process
Thinking
Approach 2
Notes Draft
2. Writing:
Approach 1
Revising and editing
Writing done throughout
the process
Thinking
Approach 2
Notes Draft Revising
Editing
2. Writing:
Approach 1
Revising and editing
Writing done throughout
the process
Thinking
Approach 2
Notes Draft Revising
Editing
2. Writing:
Approach 1
Revising and editing
Writing done throughout
the process
Thinking
Approach 2
Notes Draft Revising Completed
Editing text
2. Writing:
Approach 1
Revising and editing
Writing done throughout
the process
Thinking
Approach 2
Notes Draft Revising Completed
Editing text
3. Re-Writing:
3. Re-Writing:
• Meaning
Revision • Organization
• Spelling
Editing • Punctuation
• Grammar
T/F questions (I)
T/F questions (II)
Characteristics of communicative writing
Characteristics of communicative writing
A real reader
to write for
Characteristics of communicative writing
A real reader
to write for
A genuine
purpose
Characteristics of communicative writing
A real reader
to write for
A genuine
purpose
A realistic
context
Why have a plan?
Why have a plan?
Why have a plan?
To highlight the writing skill
Why have a plan?
To highlight the writing skill
To clarify objectives
Why have a plan?
To highlight the writing skill
To clarify objectives
To check coverage
Definition
Definition
The need for
students’ writing
Definition
The need for Study purposes (exam)
students’ writing
Definition
The need for Study purposes (exam)
students’ writing
It helps Ss to learn
Definition
The need for Study purposes (exam)
students’ writing
It helps Ss to learn
Specific
characteristics
Definition
The need for Study purposes (exam)
students’ writing
It helps Ss to learn
It should be corrected
Specific
characteristics
Definition
The need for Study purposes (exam)
students’ writing
It helps Ss to learn
It should be corrected
Specific It doesn’t have immediate feedback
characteristics
Definition
The need for Study purposes (exam)
students’ writing
It helps Ss to learn
It should be corrected
Specific It doesn’t have immediate feedback
characteristics
It must have clarity and organization
Stages of writing
Stages of writing
Copying activities
Stages of writing
Copying activities • Focus on form
• Mechanical
• Uninteresting
Stages of writing
Copying activities • Focus on form
• Mechanical
• Uninteresting
Controlled activities
Stages of writing
Copying activities • Focus on form
• Mechanical
• Uninteresting
Controlled activities • More interesting
• Meaningful
Stages of writing
Copying activities • Focus on form
• Mechanical
• Uninteresting
Controlled activities • More interesting
• Meaningful
a. Gap-filling
b. Outline
c. Re-write
d. Re-order
e. Correct
Stages of writing
Copying activities • Focus on form
• Mechanical
• Uninteresting
Controlled activities • More interesting
• Meaningful
a. Gap-filling
b. Outline
Dictation
c. Re-write
d. Re-order
e. Correct
Stages of writing
Copying activities • Focus on form
• Mechanical
• Uninteresting
Controlled activities • More interesting
• Meaningful
a. Gap-filling
1. Alternative dictation
b. Outline
Dictation 2. Gap dictation
c. Re-write
3. Ss power dictation
d. Re-order
4. Picture dictation
e. Correct
Creative writing
Creative writing
Authentic writing tasks
Creative writing
Authentic writing tasks
Writing
letters
Creative writing
Authentic writing tasks
Writing
letters Essay
writing
Creative writing
Authentic writing tasks
Writing
letters Essay
writing Story
writing
Creative writing
Authentic writing tasks
Writing Diary
letters Essay writing
writing Story
writing
Creative writing
Authentic writing tasks
Writing Diary
letters Essay writing
writing Story Poetry
writing writing
Creative writing
Authentic writing tasks
Writing Diary
letters Essay writing
writing Story Poetry
writing writing
Ss
magazines
/projects
Creative writing
Authentic writing tasks
Writing Diary
letters Essay writing
writing Story Poetry
writing writing
Ss
magazines
Dialogue
/projects
writing
Creative writing
Authentic writing tasks
Writing Diary
letters Essay writing
writing Story Poetry
writing writing
Ss
magazines
Dialogue Dialogue
/projects
writing journals
Creative writing
Authentic writing tasks
Writing Diary
letters Essay writing
writing Story Poetry
writing writing
Ss
magazines
Dialogue Dialogue Writing
/projects
writing journals and the
computer
Ss
magazines
/projects
Ss
magazines
/projects
Essay
writing
Examples of activities in dossier
(from pages 188 to 199)
T/F questions (III)
Any questions?