Total No. of Questions : 8] SEAT No.

7
23
PD4294 [Total No. of Pages : 2

ic-
tat
[6403]-92

5s
T.E. (E & TC)

0:5
02 91
DIGITAL COMMUNICATION

9:3
(2019 Pattern) (Semester - V) (304181)

0
50
4/0 13
Time : 2½ Hours] [Max. Marks : 70
0
5/2
Instructions to the candidates:
.23 GP

1) Answers any one question out of Q.1 or Q.2, Q.3 or Q.4, Q.5 or Q.6, Q.7 or Q.8.
2) Neat diagrams must be drawn wherever necessary.
E
71

7
C

3) Figures to the right indicate full marks.

23
4) Assume suitable data, if necessary.

ic-
16

tat
8.2

5s
Q1) a) Explain the working of minimum shift keying (MSK), modulator and
.24

0:5
demodulator with the help of block diagram and waveform. [8]
91
49

9:3
b) What is Inter Symbol Interference (ISI)? Explain Causes of ISI. [9]
30
50

OR
01
02

Q2) a) Compare M-ary PSK and M-ary QAM. [8]

5/2
GP
4/0

b) What is OFDM? Draw and Explain block diagram of generation and

CE

reception of the OFDM. [9]

71

7
23
.23

Q3) a) What is PN sequence? Explain properties of PN sequence. [9]

ic-
16

tat
b) The bit duration in DS SS BPSK communication system is 4 ms and
8.2

5s

chipping rate is 1 Mbps. Considering average error probability of

.24

0:5

Pe = 10–5 for detecting the message signal, calculate the processing gain
91
49

and Jamming margin Assume Q(4.25) = 10–5

9:3

[9]
30
50

OR
01
02
5/2

Q4) a) Write a short note on following. [9]

GP
4/0

i) Slow FHSS
CE
71

ii) Fast FHSS

.23

b) Explain DSSS BPSK System in detail. [9]

16
8.2
.24

P.T.O.
49
Q5) a) What is Entropy and Mutual Information, and What are a properties of

7
23
Entropy and Mutual Information. [8]

ic-
b) A discrete source transmits messages x1 and x2 with probability ¾ and

tat
¼. The source connected to the binary symmetrical Channel with

5s
p(y1/x1) = 2/3. Calculate all entropies and mutual information. [9]

0:5
02 91
9:3
OR

0
50
Q6) a) 4/0 13
Compare Shannon-Fano and Huffman coding techniques [8]
0
b) Apply Huffman coding for the following message ensemble.
5/2
.23 GP

X = [x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7]
E
71

7
P = [0.45 0.15 0.1 0.1 0.08 0.08 0.04] and find coding efficiency. [9]
C

23
ic-
16

Q7) a) For a systematic linear block code, (7,4) the parity matrix is given by

tat
[110;011;111;101] [9]
8.2

5s
.24

0:5
i) Construct Generator Matrix
91
49

9:3
ii) Find code vectors for messages 1100, 0011
30
50

iii) If the received code vector R = 01111101, find corrected codeward.

01
02
5/2

b) Define and Explain following terms [9]

GP
4/0

i) Hamming distance
CE
71

7
ii) Hamming weight

23
.23

iii) Code rate

ic-
16

tat
8.2

iv) Constraint length

5s
.24

0:5

v) Generator polynomial
91
49

9:3

OR
30
50

Q8) a) Draw the encoder and syndrome calculator for the generator polynomial
01
02

g (x) = 1 + x2 + x3 and obtain the syndrome for the received codeword

5/2

1 0 0 1 0 11 [9]
GP
4/0

b) Explain Properties of Linear Block code and Cyclic Code with example.[9]
CE
71
.23
16
8.2

… … …
.24
49

[6403]-92 2
Total No. of Questions : 8] SEAT No. :

8
23
PB3831 [6262]-93
[Total No. of Pages : 3

ic-
T.E.(E&TC )

tat
5s
DIGITAL COMMUNICATION

2:3
(2019 Pattern) (Semester -I) (304181)

02 91
9:3
Time : 2½ Hours] [Max. Marks :70

0
40
Instructions to the candidates:
6/0 13
1) Answer Q.1or Q.2, Q.3 or Q.4, Q.5 or Q.6, Q.7 or Q.8.
0
2) Neat diagrams must be drawn wherever necessary.
5/2
.23 GP

3) Figures to the right indicate full marks.

4) Assume suitable data, if necessary.
E
81

8
C

23
ic-
Q1) a) What is OFDM? Draw and Explain block diagram of generation and
16

reception of the OFDM. [8]

tat
8.2

5s
.24

2:3
b) Compare BPSK, QPSK and M-ary PSK [9]
91
49

9:3
30

OR
40
01
02

Q2) a) What is M-ary FSK? Draw and Explain Block diagram of generation
5/2
GP

and reception of the M-ary FSK. [8]

6/0
CE
81

8
b) Calculate bandwidth requirement and minimum separation of signal points

23
in signal space for [9]
.23

BPSK ic-
16

tat
QPSK
8.2

5s

16PSK
.24

2:3

Given that input bit rate is 8kbps and energy per bit duration is 1×10-4J.
91
49

9:3
30
40

Q3) a) Explain spread spectrum transmission and reception process in SS

communication with neat block diagram. [9]
01
02
5/2
GP

b) The information bit duration in DS-BPSK spread spectrum

6/0

communication system is 4ms while the chipping rate is 1 MHz. Assuming

CE
81

an average error probability of10-5 for proper defection of message signal.

Calculate the jamming margin. Given Q(4.25)= 10-5 [9]
.23
16
8.2

OR
.24

[6262]-93 1 P.T.O.
49
Q4) a) Write a short note on following: [9]

8
i) Slow FHSS

23
ii) Fast FHSS

ic-
tat
b) What is PN sequence? Explain properties of PN sequence. [9]

5s
2:3
02 91
Q5) a) Explain difference type of discrete memoryless channel. [8]

9:3
b) Find coding efficiency of a source encoder generating messages with

0
40
probability 1/4,1/8,1/2,1/8 using Shannon-fano coding technique. [9]
6/0 13
0
5/2
OR
.23 GP

Q6) a) A 3 bit PCM system generates 1,000 samples per second, if the quantized
E
81

8
samples produced by the system have Probabilites
C

23
{1/4,1/4,1/8,1/8,1/16,1/16,1/16,1/16,}. Find the rate of information . If

ic-
16

the samples are equiprobable. What will be the rate of information? [8]

tat
8.2

5s
b) Apply Huffman coding for the following message ensemble. [9]
.24

2:3
91
X=[x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7]
49

9:3
P=[0.45 0.15 0.1 0.1 0.08 0.08 0.04] and find coding efficiency
30
40
01
02
5/2

Q7) a) For a systematic linear block code, the three parity check digits, are
GP

given by [9]
6/0
CE

C4  d1  d 2  d3
81

8
23
C5  d1  d 2
.23

ic-
16

C6  d1  d 3
tat
8.2

5s

i) Construct Generator Matrix

.24

2:3

ii) Construct All Code generated by this matrix

91

iii) Determine error correcting capability

49

9:3

iv) Prepare suitable decoding table

30
40

v) Decode the received words 0 0 0 1 1 0

01
02

b) [9]
5/2
GP
6/0
CE
81
.23
16
8.2

For given convolutional encoder draw three graphical representation.

.24

OR
[6262]-93 2
49
Q8) a) Draw the encoder and syndrome calculator for the generator polynomial

8
23
g ( x)  1  x 2  x3 and obtain the syndrome for the received codeword

ic-
1001011 [9]

tat
5s
b) Explain properties of Linear block code and cyclic codes with suitable

2:3
example [9]

02 91
9:3
0
40
6/0 13 
0
5/2
.23 GP
E
81

8
C

23
ic-
16

tat
8.2

5s
.24

2:3
91
49

9:3
30
40
01
02
5/2
GP
6/0
CE
81

8
23
.23

ic-
16

tat
8.2

5s
.24

2:3
91
49

9:3
30
40
01
02
5/2
GP
6/0
CE
81
.23
16
8.2
.24

[6262]-93 3
49
Total No. of Questions : 8] SEAT No. :

8
23
P-7591 [Total No. of Pages : 2

ic-
[6180]-106

tat
1s
T.E. (E & TC)

3:5
02 91
DIGITAL COMMUNICATION

9:4
0
(2019 Pattern) (Semester - I) (304181)

30
9/1 13
0
Time : 2½ Hours] [Max. Marks : 70
1/2
.23 GP

Instructions to the candidates:

1) Answer any one Question out of Q. No. 1 or 2, Q. No. 3 or 4, Q5 or Q6 and Q7
E
82

8
Or Q8.
C

23
ic-
2) Neat diagrams must be drawn wherever necessary.
16

tat
3) Figures to the right indicate full marks.
8.2

1s
4) Assume suitable data, if necessary.
.24

3:5
91
49

9:4
Q1) a) With the help of neat block diagram and waveforms describe QAM
30
30

system in detail. Draw signal space diagram for 16-QAM. [8]

01
02

b) Explain the performance of MSK with suitable block schematic and

1/2
GP

detail waveforms. [9]

9/1

OR
CE
82

8
23
Q2) a) Draw and explain block diagram of generation and reception of M-ary
.23

FSK with waveforms. [8]

ic-
16

tat
b) Compare M-ary PSK and M-ary QAM, [9]
8.2

1s
.24

3:5
91
49

9:4

Q3) a) With neat block schematic and waveforms explain DSSS generation
30

and detection. [9]

30
01
02

b) What is PN sequence? Explain properties of PN sequence with 3-stage

1/2

shift register. [8]

GP
9/1

OR
CE
82

Q4) a) Write a short note on : [8]

.23

i) CDMA ii) FHSS

16

b) With the help of neat schematic describe Ranging using DSSS in detail.
8.2

[9]
.24
49

P.T.O.
Q5) a) Define entropy. Show that the entropy is maximum when binary

8
message has 50% probability of occurrence. [9]

23
ic-
b) Prove that [9]

tat
H(X, Y) = H(X/Y) + H(Y) and H(X, Y) = H(Y/X) + H(X).

1s
OR

3:5
02 91
Q6) a) Compare Shannon-Fano and Huffman coding techniques. [5]

9:4
b) A source puts out one of the six messages during each message interval

0
30
9/1 13
with probabilities 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32 and 1/32. Find the
entropy of the system. Also find the rate of information if there are 16
0
1/2
outcomes per second. [4]
.23 GP

c) Apply Huffman coding for the following message ensembles

E

[X] = [x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7] [P] = [0.45 0.15 0.1 0.1 0.08 0.08 0.04]
82

8
C

23
and find coding efficiency with M = 2. [9]

ic-
16

tat
8.2

Q7) a) Define and Explain following terms, [10]

1s
.24

i) Hamming distance
3:5
91
49

ii) Hamming weight

9:4
30

iii) Code rate

30
01

iv) Constraint length

02
1/2

v) Generator polynomial
GP
9/1

b) The generator matrix for (7, 4) linear block code is given below. Find
CE

all code vector. Calculate syndrome for C4 without error. [8]

82

8
23
.23

ic-
é1 0 0 0 : 1 1 0ù
ê ú
16

tat
ê0 1 0 0 : 0 1 1ú
8.2

G=ê ú
1s

ê0 0 1 0 : 1 0 1úú
.24

ê
3:5

ê0 0 0 1 : 1 1 1úû
91

ë
49

9:4
30
30

OR
01
02

Q8) Write a short note on (Any Three) : [18]

1/2
GP

a) Turbo Codes
9/1

b) Cyclic Codes
CE
82

c) Convolution Codes
.23

d) LPDC Codes
16
8.2


.24
49

[6180]-106 2
Total No. of Questions : 8] SEAT No. :

8
23
P-312 [Total No. of Pages : 3

ic-
[6003]-392

tat
4s
T.E. (E & TC)

7:0
02 91
DIGITAL COMMUNICATION

0:2
0
(2019 Pattern) (Semester - I) (304181)

31
6/0 13
0
Time : 2½ Hours] [Max. Marks : 70
6/2
.23 GP

Instructions to the candidates:

1) Answer any one question out of Q.1 or Q.2, Q.3 or Q.4, Q.5 or Q.6 and Q.7 or Q.8.
E
80

8
2) Neat diagrams must be drawn wherever necessary.
C

23
3) Figures to the right indicate full marks.

ic-
16

tat
4) Assume suitable data, if necessary.
8.2

4s
.24

7:0
91
Q1) a) What is Inter Symbol Interference? Explain the practical solution to
49

0:2
control ISI. Explain the concept of roll off factor along with its equation.
30
31

[8]
01
02

b) Explain M-ary FSK transmitter and receiver with suitable block

6/2
GP

diagram. [6]
6/0

c) Compare M-ary PSK and M-ary FSK. [3]

CE
80

8
23
OR
.23

Q2) a) Sketch the waveforms of MSK for the given bit stream 11001001. [8] ic-
16

tat
8.2

b) Explain digital OFDM system implementation for transmitter and

4s

receiver. [6]
.24

7:0
91
49

c) Draw signal space representation for 16-QAM i.e. 16-QASK and write
0:2

the equation for energy associated with signals in the first quadrant. [3]
30
31
01
02
6/2

Q3) a) Explain in brief : Processing gain, Jamming Margin in DSSS. [4]

GP
6/0

b) A BPSK-DSSS system, using coherent detection, is used to transmit

CE

data at 3Kbps No = 10–10 with No = 10–10. Calculate the processing

80

gain if the system has to work in a hostile jamming environment with

.23

minimum error performance of 10–6. The jamming signal is 10 times

16

stronger than the received signal. Given erf(3.3) = 0.999998. [6]

8.2

c) List the advantages and disadvantages of CDMA. [8]

.24
49

P.T.O.
 OR

8
23
Q4) a) Compare slow and fast frequency hopping. [8]

ic-
b) Explain in detail DSSS - BPSK transmitter and receiver along with

tat
waveforms. [10]

4s
7:0
02 91
Q5) a) Write a short note on : [9]

0:2
0
31
i) Source coding theorem
6/0 13
ii) Channel Coding theorem
0
6/2
.23 GP

iii) Information Capacity theorem.

b) A discrete memory less source has five symbols X1, X2, X3, X4 and X5
E
80

8
with probabilities P(X1) = 0.4, P(X2) = 0.19, P(X3) = 0.16, P(X4) = 0.15,
C

23
P(X5) = 0.10. Construct the Shannon Fano code and calculate the

ic-
code efficiency and redundancy. [8]
16

tat
8.2

4s
OR
.24

7:0
Q6) a) Consider the five source symbols of discrete memory less source and
91
49

0:2
their probabilities as given in the table below. Follow the Huffman’s
30

algorithm to find the code words for each message. Also find the
31

average code word length and average information / message i.e.

01
02

entropy. [8]
6/2
GP

Message M1 M2 M3 M4 M5
6/0
CE

Probability 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1

80

8
23
b) What is Mutual Information? Explain the properties of mutual
.23

information. [3] ic-

16

tat
8.2

c) Write short note on frequency hop spread spectrum. [6]

4s
.24

7:0
91
49

0:2

Q7) a) Generator matrix for (7, 4) linear block code is given below : [9]
30
31

1 0 0 0 1 1 0
01
02

0 1 0 0 0 1 1
6/2
GP

0 0 1 0 1 1 1
6/0

0 0 0 1 1 0 1
CE
80

Construct the syndrome table for single bit error patterns. Using
.23

syndromes, find error pattern and code word for each of the following
16

received vectors :
8.2

r1 = 0111101, r2 = 0001010.
.24
49

[6003]-392 2
 b) Define and also write mathematical expression for the following terms,

8
[9]

23
ic-
i) Information rate

tat
ii) Mutual Information

4s
iii) Shannon Hartley theorem

7:0
02 91
0:2
0
31
Q8) a) Define and Explain following terms, [10]
6/0 13
i) Hamming distance
0
6/2
.23 GP

ii) Hamming weight

iii) Code rate
E
80

8
C

23
iv) Constraint length

ic-
v) Systematic & nonsystematic codes
16

tat
b) Write short note on : [8]
8.2

4s
.24

i) Turbo Codes
7:0
91
49

0:2
ii) LDPC Codes
30
31
01
02


6/2
GP
6/0
CE
80

8
23
.23

ic-
16

tat
8.2

4s
.24

7:0
91
49

0:2
30
31
01
02
6/2
GP
6/0
CE
80
.23
16
8.2
.24
49

[6003]-392 3
Total No. of Questions : 8] SEAT No. :

8
23
P757 [Total No. of Pages : 3

ic-
[5870]-1061

tat
T.E. (Electronics & Telecommunication)

8s
DIGITAL COMMUNICATION

9:5
02 91
(2019 Pattern) (Semester - I) (304181)

8:5
0
20
Time : 2½ Hours] 1/0 13 [Max. Marks : 70
0
Instructions to the candidates:
7/2
.23 GP

1) Answers Q1 or Q2, Q3 or Q4, Q5 or Q6, and Q7 or Q8.

2) Figures to the right side indicate full marks.
E
81

8
3) Assume suitable data, if necessary.
C

23
ic-
16

tat
8.2

8s
Q1) a) Explain how eye pattern can be used to study ISI. [4]
.24

9:5
91
49

8:5
b) Find the maximum value of error probability Pe for16-PSK, 16-FSK
30

(orthogonal) and 16-QAM if energy per bit duration is 5×10–5 J and double
20

sided power spectral density (PSD) of AWGN is 10-9 W/Hz. [6]

01
02
7/2
GP

Given :
1/0

erfc (3.1622) = 0.00000774819

CE
81

8
23
.23

erfc (1.9634375) = 0.00549

ic-
16

tat
erfc (7.0710678) = 1.5239709 ×10–23
8.2

8s
.24

9:5

c) Describe with the help of block diagram, MSK transmitter along with
91
49

waveforms. Mention the bandwidth requirement. [8]

8:5
30
20

OR
01
02
7/2

Q2) a) Compare MSK & QPSK. [4]

GP
1/0

b) With the help neat block diagram explain OFDM transmitter and receiver
CE
81

system. [8]
.23

c) Write short note on : Raised cosine function: a solution to Inter Symbol

16

Interference (ISI) and mention its limitations. [6]

8.2
.24

[5870]-1061 P.T.O.
49

1
Q3) a) A BPSK-DSSS system using coherent detection is used to transmit data

8
23
at 250bps & system has to work in a hostile jamming environment with

ic-
minimum error performance of one error in 20000 bits. Determine the

tat
minimum chipping rate if the jamming signal is 300 times stronger than

8s
the received signal. [9]

9:5
02 91
b) Write a short note on : [8]

8:5
0
20
i) PN sequence Generator
1/0 13
0
ii) Frequency hop Spread spectrum
7/2
.23 GP

OR
E
81

8
C

Q4) a) Information bit duration of DS-BPSK SS system is 1 MHz. Assuming

23
an average error probability of 10–5. Calculate jamming margin if

ic-
16

Q(4.25) = 10–5. [9]

tat
8.2

8s
b) Explain DSSS based CDMA. [8]
.24

9:5
91
49

8:5
30
20

Q5) a) Given the messages X1, X2, X3, X4, X5 with respective probabilities of
01
02

0.4, 0.19, 0.16, 0.15 and 0.1. Construct codeword by minimum variance
7/2
GP

Huffman code. Compute source entropy, codeword length, efficiency,

1/0

redundancy and variance. [10]

CE
81

8
23
b) Calculate the capacity of an AWGN channel whose bandwidth is 1 MHz
.23

ic-
and S/N ratio of 40 dB. [4]
16

tat
8.2

c) State and explain channel coding theorem. [4]

8s
.24

9:5

OR
91
49

8:5
30

Q6) a) Compute Shannon Fano code for following message ensemble. [10]
20
01
02

Symbols X1 X2 X3 X4
7/2
GP

Probabilities 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1

1/0
CE
81

Compute average codeword length, Entropy and coding efficiency.

.23

b) State and explain Information Capacity theorem. [4]

16
8.2

c) Compare between source coding and Channel coding. [4]

.24

[5870]-1061
49

2
Q7) a) For a systematic (7, 4) LBC parity matrix is given as : [9]

8
23
ic-
1 1 0

tat
0 1 1

8s
P= 
1 1 1

9:5
 

02 91
8:5
1 0 1

0
20
1/0 13
i) Construct a generator matrix.
0
7/2
.23 GP

ii) Find code vectors for messages [1 1 0 0] and [0 0 1 1]

E
81

8
iii) If the received code vector is R = [0 1 1 1 1 0 1], find the corrected
C

23
codeword

ic-
16

tat
b) Explain the generation of systematic and non systematic cyclic code.
8.2

8s
[8]
.24

9:5
91
49

OR
8:5
30
20

Q8) a) Define following terms for LBC [9]

01
02
7/2

i) Code vector
GP
1/0

ii) Code rate

CE
81

8
23
.23

iii) Hamming distance

ic-
16

tat
iv) Hamming weight
8.2

8s
.24

9:5

v) Systematic code
91
49

8:5
30

b) What are Turbo codes? Explain its bit error performance for uncoded
20

transmission. [8]
01
02
7/2
GP
1/0


CE
81
.23
16
8.2
.24

[5870]-1061
49