TOPIC

SOLVE PROBLEMS
8 INVOLVING GEOMETRY

? Topic Essential Question How can geometry be used

to solve problems?

Topic Overview Topic Vocabulary

8-1 Solve Problems Involving Scale Drawings • adjacent angles
• circumference
8-2 Draw Geometric Figures
• complementary angles
8-3 Draw Triangles with Given Conditions • composite figure
• cross section
8-4 Solve Problems Using Angle Relationships
• scale drawing
8-5 Solve Problems Involving Circumference of a Circle • supplementary angles
• vertical angles
8-6 Solve Problems Involving Area of a Circle

3-Act Mathematical Modeling: Whole Lotta Dough

8-7 Describe Cross Sections

8-8 Solve Problems Involving Surface Area

8-9 Solve Problems Involving Volume

Lesson Digital Resources

INTERACTIVE STUDENT EDITION

Access online or offline.

VISUAL LEARNING ANIMATION

Interact with visual learning animations.

ACTIVITY Use with Solve & Discuss It, Explore It,

and Explain It activities, and to explore Examples.

VIDEOS Watch clips to support 3-Act

Mathematical Modeling Lessons and STEM Projects.
Go online

424 Topic 8 Solve Problems Involving Geometry

 3-ACT MATH 

Whole Lotta Dough

In 2012, a team of Italian chefs baked a pizza that was 131 feet across
and weighed more than 50,000 pounds! Imagine how many people it
would take to eat one slice of that pizza, assuming you can find a tool
big enough to cut it. Think about this during the 3-Act Mathematical
Modeling lesson.

PRACTICE Practice what KEY CONCEPT Review important

you’ve learned. lesson content.

TUTORIALS Get help from Virtual Nerd, GLOSSARY Read and listen to
right when you need it. English/Spanish definitions.

MATH TOOLS Explore math ASSESSMENT Show what

with digital tools. you’ve learned.

GAMES Play Math Games

to help you learn.

Topic 8 Solve Problems Involving Geometry 425

TOPIC

8 Project VIDEO

Did You Know? The Rail-Trail Hall of Fame includes these exemplary rail-trails.

The High Line in NYC allows The Fred Marquis Pinellas Trail in The Paul Bunyan State Trail in MN
New Yorkers to float over busy FL was built along a railroad right is built on a former Burlington
streets in an innovative park. of way which was abandoned Northern corridor dating back
A decaying urban eyesore for in the mid 1980’s. Designed to 1893. Towns along this 115-
decades, this 30-foot high freight with safety in mind, the trail mile trail come in 10 to 15-mile
line carried goods in and out of allows users to travel easily intervals—a byproduct of the
Manhattan’s industrial district between numerous parks and railroading era.
from 1934 to 1980. provides a variety of beautiful
scenic vistas.

France has Copenhagen is the most bike-

experimented with friendly city in the world.
paying people to
bike to work. They
hope to reduce
air pollution and
cut fossil fuel
consumption while
at the same time
41% 55%
of residents bike bike every day
boosting people’s
to school or work
health.

Your Task:
Upscale Design
Review your survey results on the needs of walkers
and bicyclists in your area. Choose an existing path
or bikeway and make a scale drawing of the route.
Add improvements or extensions to your drawing
that enhance the trails and better meet the needs
of users. If your area lacks a trail, choose a possible
route and make a scale drawing that proposes a new
path. How will your proposal enhance the quality of
life and provide solutions for potential users?

426 Topic 8 enVision STEM Project

 TOPIC

Review What You Know!

GET READY!
8
Vocabulary area
Choose the best term from the box to complete each definition.
base

1. The number of square units that a figure covers is its . diameter

height
2. The of a triangle is the length of the perpendicular radius
line segment from a vertex to the opposite side.
volume

3. The of a solid figure is the number of cubic units needed

to fill it.

4. Any line segment that connects the center of a circle to a point on the
circle is called a .

Area and Volume

Find each measure.

5. Area of a triangle with a base 6 feet and height 6. Volume of a rectangular prism with length 4 inches,
9 feet width 2 inches, and height 2 inches

Measure Angles
Use a protractor to find the measure of each angle.

7. 8.

Describe Characteristics of Shapes

Describe this figure using as many geometry terms as you can.

9. A B
90° 90°

90° 90°
D C

Topic 8 Solve Problems Involving Geometry 427

Language Development
Fill in the word web to connect key words you learn in this topic. A sample
key word and its connections are given.

adjacent

vertical

complementary angles

supplementary

Topic: Solve Problems Involving Geometry

428 Topic 8 Solve Problems Involving Geometry

 TOPIC

PICK A PROJECT
8
PROJECT

8A

If you built a sculpture,

what materials would
you use?

PROJECT: CONSTRUCT A
THREE-DIMENSIONAL SCULPTURE

PROJECT

8B

If you made a pizza, what

kind of pizza would it be?

PROJECT: ANALYZE A
PEPPERONI PIZZA

Topic 8 Pick a Project 429

 PROJECT

8C

What places have you

visited where being a tour
guide would be fun?

PROJECT: PLAN A GUIDED TOUR

PROJECT

8D

How could you determine

which is larger—a tall
building or a wide
building?

PROJECT: BUILD A SCALE MODEL

430 Topic 8 Pick a Project

 Lesson 8-1
Explore It!
ACTIVITY

Solve Problems
Calvin made a scale model of the plane shown.
Involving Scale
Drawings
Go Online

I can…
use the key in a scale drawing to
find missing measures.

A. How can you represent the relationship between the model of the plane
and the actual plane?

B. What do you notice about the relationship between the model of the
plane and the actual plane?

Focus on math practices

Look for Relationships If the model and the actual plane are to scale,
what do you know about the relationship between all the other parts of
the model and the actual plane, aside from the total length?

431
? Essential Question How do scale drawings and actual
measurements represent proportional relationships?
VISUAL
LEARNING ASSESS

Scan for
EXAMPLE 1 Find Actual Lengths Using a Scale Drawing Multimedia

The island in the blueprint is

6 inches long. What is the
actual length of the island
in the kitchen?

ISLAND
A scale drawing is an enlarged
or reduced drawing of an
object that is proportional to
the actual object.

Scale: 1 in. = 1.5 ft

Use a double number line to represent the Use a proportion to find the actual length, x, of the island.
scale drawing length and the actual length.
​​  1.5 ​
___
1
= __​  6x ​​ ​​ 1.5
Use the scale _____ ft
​​ to
1 in.
ISLAND write the proportion.
1.5 ​
​​ ___
1
∙ 6 = __​  6x ​ ∙ 6
0 1.5 3 4.5 6 7.5 9
Feet 9 = x​
​ Look for Relationships The
​​  1.5
ratio _____ ft
1 in.
​​ will be the constant scale
Inches factor for all lengths in the drawing
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 relative to the actual lengths.

SCALE
1 in. = 1.5 ft The actual length of the island is 9 feet.

Try It!
What is the actual width, w, of the island if the width in the ​​  1.5 ft ​= __________
__________ ​  w ft ​​
drawing is 2.5 inches?
in. in.

Convince Me! How would the proportion for Example 1

change if the scale changed? 1.5
​​ ________​∙ = ​  w
________​∙

= w​
​

The actual width of the island is feet.

432 8-1 Solve Problems Involving Scale Drawings

 Use Scale Factors to
EXAMPLE 2 Solve Area Problems
ACTIVITY ASSESS

What is the area, in square yards, of the deck

represented by the scale drawing? House

Use Structure You can use an equation in

the form ​y = kx​to represent the proportional 8 cm
relationship between lengths in the scale Scale
drawing, x, and actual lengths, y. The constant 1 cm = 2 yd
of proportionality, k, is the scale factor.
16 cm

STEP 1 Find the actual length, L, STEP 2 Find the actual width, W, STEP 3 Calculate the actual area
of the deck using the length, ℓ, of the deck using the width, w, of the deck.
in the scale drawing. in the scale drawing.
​Area = Length × Width
​L = kℓ​ ​W = kw​
Use the scale factor = 32 × 16
​
=
​ 2 ∙ 16​ of ____
2 yd
​​  1 cm ​​ for k. ​= 2 ∙ 8​
​
= 512​
​= 32​ ​= 16​ The actual area of the deck is
The actual length is 32 yards. The actual width is 16 yards. 512 square yards.

EXAMPLE 3 Reproduce a Scale Drawing at a Different Scale

Students are recreating the landscape drawing shown
at the right for a mural. They want the length of the
drawing on the mural to be 80 inches. What will be the
new scale and the height of the drawing on the mural?
8 in.

Look for Relationships What is the

scale factor, k, that relates the actual lengths Scale
to the lengths in the scale drawing? 1 in. = 4 ft
10 in.

STEP 1 Find the actual length, STEP 2 Find the new scale for the STEP 3 Find the height, h,
L, and actual height, H, of the mural to the actual landscape. of the drawing on the mural
landscape. ÷ 80 using the new scale.

​L = k ∙ 10​ ​
H = k ∙ 8​ ​H = kh
​​  40 ft ​
_____
80 in.
= ____
​  ? ft ​​  ​? =
1 in.
​= 4 ∙ 10​ ​
= 4 ∙ 8​ 0.5​ 32 = 0.5 ∙ h
​
÷ 80​
​ 64 = h​
​= 40​ ​
= 32​ ​
The actual dimensions of The new scale of ​1 in. = 0.5​ft means The dimensions of the drawing
the landscape are 40 feet by 1 inch on the mural represents on the mural are 80 inches by
32 feet. 0.5 feet in the actual landscape. 64 inches.

Try It!
BARN 10 in.
The scale drawing shown represents an existing barn. The shortest side of
​​ 23 ​​its size replaces the
the barn measures 150 meters. If a new barn that is __
existing barn, what will be the scale of this drawing to the new barn? 20 in.

8-1 Solve Problems Involving Scale Drawings 433

KEY CONCEPT KEY
CONCEPT

The scale factor of a scale drawing is the ratio of an actual

length, y, to the corresponding length, x, in the drawing. The
ratio is the constant of proportionality, k, that relates the 3 in.
actual figure to the scale drawing. You can use a proportion Scale
or use an equation of the form ​y = kx​to solve problems 1 in. = 2 yd
involving scale drawings. 4.5 in.
2 yd ​y = 2x​
_____
​​ 
1 in.
​ = __​  yx ​

Do You Understand? Do You Know How?

1. Essential Question How do scale drawings 4. What is the actual base length of the triangle
and actual measurements represent proportional depicted in the scale drawing?
relationships?

2 in.
Scale
1 in. = 2 m
2.5 in.

2. Generalize Describe the ratio of corresponding

measures in scale drawings and the actual
measures they represent.

5. What is the area of the actual square window

shown in the scale drawing?

3. Reasoning Mikayla is determining the actual

Scale
distance between Harrisville and Lake Town
1 in. = 2 m
using a map. The scale on her map reads.
​1 inch = 50 miles​. She measures the distance
to be 4.5 inches and writes the following 0.75 in.
proportion:

​​  1 in. ​
______
4.5 in.
= _____
​  50 mi ​​
x mi

Explain why her proportion is equivalent to

​​  50 mi ​
_____
1 in.
= ______
​  x mi ​​.
4.5 in. 6. A distance of 30 miles on a map is represented
by a 2-inch line. If the map is enlarged to
3 times its size, what will be the scale of the
enlarged map?

434 8-1 Solve Problems Involving Scale Drawings

 PRACTICE TUTORIAL

Name:

Practice & Problem Solving Scan for

Multimedia
Leveled Practice For 7 and 8, fill in the boxes to find the actual measures.
7. On a map, 1 inch equals 5 miles. Two cities are 8. Ryan makes a scale drawing of a banner for a
8 inches apart on the map. school dance. He uses a scale of ​1 inch = 3 feet​,
What is the actual distance between the cities? and the width of the drawing is 5 inches.
What is the actual width, w, of the banner?​​ 

______
​​  ​ = __​  8x ​​
______​
1
= ______
​  w ​​

​x = miles​
​w = feet​

9. On a map, 1 inch equals 7.2 miles. Two houses 10. The original blueprint for the Morenos’ living
are 1.5 inches apart on the map. What is the room has a scale of ​2 inches = 5 feet​. The family
actual distance between the houses? wants to use a new blueprint that shows the
length of the living room to be 15 inches. If
the width of the living room on the original
blueprint is 6 inches and the length is 9.6 inches,
what are the scale and the width of the new
blueprint?

11. The scale for a drawing of the tennis court is

​1 centimeter = 2 meters​. What is the area of
the actual tennis court?

12. The scale for the drawing of a rectangular playing field is ​2 inches = 5 feet​.
Width
a. Write an equation you can use to find the dimensions of the actual
10 in.
field, where x is a dimension of the scale drawing (in inches) and y is
the corresponding dimension of the actual field (in feet).
Length
20 in.
b. What is the area of the field?

8-1 Solve Problems Involving Scale Drawings 435

13. How many square feet of flooring are needed to
cover the entire floor of Bedroom 1?
Bedroom 1

Scale: 1 in. = 4 ft
The gridlines are spaced 1 inch apart.

14. The actual distance between Point A and Point B 15. Higher Order Thinking A map of a highway
is 200 meters. A length of 1.9 feet represents this has a scale of 2 inches equals 33 miles. The
distance on a certain wall map. Point C and Point D length of the highway on the map is 6 inches.
are 3.8 feet apart on this map. What is the actual There are 11 rest stops equally spaced on the
distance between Point C and Point D? highway, including one at each end. You are
making a new map with a scale of 1 inch equals
A 30 miles. How far apart are the rest stops on the
B new map?
1.9 ft

D
3.8 ft

Assessment Practice
16. The original blueprint of a concrete patio has a scale of ​2 inches = 3 feet​.

Victoria wants to make a new blueprint of the patio with a Original Width
length of 16.8 inches. Blueprint 12 in.

PART A
What is the scale for the new blueprint? Length
14 in.
​1 inch = feet​

PART B
What is the width, in inches, of the blueprint with the new scale?

436 8-1 Solve Problems Involving Scale Drawings

 Lesson 8-2
Draw Geometric
Solve & Discuss It! ACTIVITY

Figures
Students in the Art Club are designing a flag with the
school’s mascot and emblem. The flag has four sides, with Go Online
two sides that are twice as long as the other two sides. What
shape could the flag be, and what dimensions could it have?
Make and label a scale drawing as part of your answer.
I can…
draw figures with given
conditions.

Make Sense and Persevere Is there more

than one shape that could represent the flag?

Focus on math practices

Reasoning How did you decide what lengths to use for the four sides of
the flag you drew? What lengths could the actual flag be, based on your
drawing?

437
? Essential Question
conditions be drawn?
How can a shape that meets given VISUAL
LEARNING ASSESS

Scan for
EXAMPLE 1 Draw a Quadrilateral with Given Conditions Multimedia

The school’s landscaping club is designing a STEP 1 Use a ruler to draw three sides that meet the
4-sided patio and garden. The patio has 2 given conditions.
perpendicular sides that each measure 4 yards,
8 cm
and a third side that is perpendicular to one of
the equal sides but twice as long. One angle of This line segment represents the side
the patio measures ​135°​. Make a scale drawing that is twice as long, or 8 yards.
of the patio using a scale of ​1 cm = 1 yd​. 4 cm
These perpendicular sides
each measure 4 yards.
Use Appropriate Tools You can use
rulers and protractors to construct precise
drawings. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
cm

STEP 2 Use a protractor to draw a ​135°​angle that

connects and completes the shape.

8 cm

80 100
70 110
4 cm 60
12
0
110
100 90 80 7
0
12
60
0
13
50 50
0
0
13

14
40

0
0

40
14

15
30
0

30
0
15

160
20
60

20
170 1

170
10

The scale drawing shows that the patio is the shape 10

of a trapezoid.

Try It!
Use a ruler and protractor to draw a quadrilateral with two equal sides that
meet at a right angle, and two nonadjacent angles of the same measure.
What is the name of the quadrilateral you drew?

The quadrilateral I drew is a .

Convince Me!
Could you have drawn more than one shape that fits the given conditions?
Explain.

438 8-2 Draw Geometric Figures

EXAMPLE 2 Draw a Figure to Solve a Problem ACTIVITY ASSESS

Mr. Miller’s classroom has desks shaped like equilateral triangles.

He is planning to arrange the desks for a lunch for 10 people. If
one person can sit at each edge of each desk, make a sketch to
show how many desks he needs.

Use Appropriate Tools Why is a freehand drawing

precise enough for the table arrangement?

ONE WAY Mr. Miller can arrange the desks in one ANOTHER WAY Mr. Miller can arrange the desks in
row to make a long lunch table. two rows to make a wider lunch table.

He will need 8 desks to make this arrangement. He will need 14 desks to make this arrangement.

EXAMPLE 3 Draw a Figure Using Technology

An engineer makes a scale drawing of the floor of a
building. The floor has two pairs of parallel sides that are Use Appropriate Tools Why would
50 feet and 80 feet. Two of the four angles measure ​60°​. the engineer use technology, rather than a
Use geometry software to make a scale drawing. freehand sketch?
What is the name of the floor’s shape?
STEP 1 Draw two line segments at a ​60°​angle. STEP 2 Duplicate each line segment to create pairs
Using a scale of ​1 unit = 10 feet​, the segments of parallel sides, and move them to construct a
should be 5 units and 8 units long. closed figure.

2 Units 2 Units
A AD = 8 units
A D
AB = 5 units AB =
5 units DC =
m/ABC = 60° 5 units
m/ABC = 60°
B BC = 8 units
C B C
BC = 8 units

The floor shape of the building is a parallelogram.

Try It!
a. Make a sketch to show another way Mr. Miller can
arrange the desks to seat 10 people for lunch.
b. Use geometry software to make a rhombus with a side
length of 6 units and two angles that measure ​45°​.

8-2 Draw Geometric Figures 439

KEY CONCEPT KEY
CONCEPT

You can draw shapes that meet given conditions

freehand, with a ruler and protractor, or with technology. Use Appropriate Tools Deciding
The given conditions may include properties of geometric how precise the drawing of the shape
figures and relationships between parts of the figures. should be will help you choose the method
you use to draw the shape.

Do You Understand? Do You Know How?

1. Essential Question How can a shape that 4. Draw, freehand, a quadrilateral with exactly
meets given conditions be drawn? one pair of parallel sides and at least one
angle measuring ​45°​.

5. Use a ruler and protractor to draw a quadrilateral

with four right angles, two side lengths each
measuring 3 inches, and two side lengths each
measuring 4 inches. What is the most descriptive
2. Use Appropriate Tools How can you decide name of the figure you drew?
whether to draw a shape freehand, with a ruler
and protractor, or using technology?

6. Use geometry software to draw a quadrilateral

with two angles measuring ​80°​and two angles
3. Construct Arguments Why can you draw more measuring ​100°​. What is the name of the figure
than one quadrilateral using four right angles? you drew?

440 8-2 Draw Geometric Figures

 PRACTICE TUTORIAL

Name:

Practice & Problem Solving Scan for

Multimedia
7. What quadrilaterals can you draw that have 8. A four-sided sandbox has more than two right
exactly four right angles? angles, two side lengths of 2 feet, and two side
lengths of 5 feet. What geometric shape best
describes the shape of the sandbox?

9. What quadrilateral can you draw that has 10. A friend is building a 4-sided garden with
exactly one pair of parallel sides? two side lengths of 19 feet and exactly one
right angle. What quadrilaterals could describe
the garden?

11. What quadrilaterals can you draw that have 12. A park has a pond shaped like a quadrilateral
two side lengths of 9 centimeters and two side with side lengths of 17 feet and no right angles.
lengths of 4 centimeters? What other geometric shapes could describe the
shape of the pond?

13. Draw a quadrilateral that has one angle measure of ​20°​and exactly
one side length of 4 units.

14. Which of the following shapes are trapezoids that have side lengths
of 7 inches and 5 inches and a right angle? Select all that apply.
5 in.

7 in. 7 in.
5 in.
90° 5 in.
90°
7 in.

5 in. 5 in.

7 in. 7 in.

90°
7 in.
5 in.

8-2 Draw Geometric Figures 441

15. Using computer software, draw a quadrilateral 16. Higher Order Thinking Draw a rhombus with
with two sets of parallel sides and two angles side lengths of 6 units and angle measures of
measuring 135 degrees. ​100°​, ​80°​, ​100°​, and ​80°​.

Assessment Practice
17. Thomas is painting a geometry mural. He is painting quadrilaterals that
have at least 1 line of symmetry.
PART A
Which could be a quadrilateral that Thomas painted? Select all that apply.

PART B
Which of the following figures can he also include in his painting?
𝖠 A quadrilateral with no equal sides
𝖡 A quadrilateral with only 2 equal sides that are perpendicular
to each other
𝖢 A quadrilateral with 2 pairs of equal sides and 1 right angle
𝖣 A quadrilateral with 2 pairs of parallel equal sides, with no
right angles

442 8-2 Draw Geometric Figures

 Lesson 8-3
Draw Triangles
Solve & Discuss It! ACTIVITY

with Given
Kane has 4 pieces of wood available Conditions
to build a triangle-shaped garden.
Which pieces of wood can he use?
Go Online

2 feet 3 feet I can…

draw triangles when given
information about their side
lengths and angle measures.

4 feet

5 feet

Make Sense and Persevere Try

all possible combinations of three pieces
of wood.

Focus on math practices

Use Structure Are there any combinations of three pieces of wood that will
not create a triangle? Explain.

443
? Essential Question How can you determine when it is
possible to draw a triangle given certain conditions?
VISUAL
LEARNING ASSESS

Scan for
EXAMPLE 1 Draw Triangles with Given Side Lengths Multimedia

Students in woodshop class are measuring and Use geometry software to draw and compare
cutting out a triangular base for a corner shelf, triangles with the given side lengths.
with sides measuring 6 inches, 8 inches, and
10 inches. How can you determine if all the 2 Units
A
students will cut out the same triangle? Explain.
AB = 10 units
CA = 6 units
Look for Relationships Does
the orientation of a triangle change C BC = 8 units B
its shape?

2 Units
C
You can “turn”
BC = 8 units CA = 6 units the triangles so
they fit exactly
B A on each other.
AB = 10 units

B 2 Units

AB = 10 units
BC = 8 units

A C
CA = 6 units

Triangles with the same side lengths are the same

shape and size, no matter how they are positioned.
So, all the students will cut out the same triangle.

Try It!
How many unique triangles can be drawn with given side lengths of
8 inches, 10.3 inches, and 13 inches?

unique triangle(s) can be drawn with the given side lengths.

Convince Me! When two sides of a triangle are switched, why is it

still considered the same triangle?

444 8-3 Draw Triangles with Given Conditions

EXAMPLE 2 Determine Possible Side Lengths
of Triangles
ACTIVITY ASSESS

Steve gathers three pieces of wood from the scrap pile in

3 feet 4 feet
woodshop class.

3 feet 5 feet4 feet 8 feet

a. Can Steve make a triangle with these three b. Generalize What can you conclude about the
wood pieces? Explain.
8 feet lengths that make a triangle possible?
3 ft 4 ft 3 ft
5 ft
8 ft
8 ft
No. The 3-ft and 4-ft wood
pieces are not long enough The sum of the lengths of the two shortest sides
to form a triangle. 3 + 4 < 8 must be greater than the length of the third side in
order to form a triangle.

EXAMPLE 3 Draw a Triangle with a Combination of

Given Side Lengths and Angle Measures
Can more than one triangle be drawn with the following conditions?

a. side lengths of 5 inches and 6 inches with an angle of ​45°​

Draw a ​45°​angle with line segments of 5 inches Connect the sides by

and 6 inches. drawing the third side. Generalize Is there
more than one way to
connect the two ends
5 in. 5 in. of the given sides?
45° 45°
6 in. 6 in. Only one triangle can be drawn
with the given measures.
b. a side length of 6 inches with angles at each end measuring ​40°​ and ​60°​

Draw a 6-inch line segment and rays that form Extend the rays until
the ​40°​and ​60°​angles. they intersect. Generalize Is there
more than one way to
draw the two other
40° 60° sides?
6 in. 40° 60°
6 in. Only one triangle can be drawn
with the given measures.

Try It!
a. Write three side lengths that will form a b. Can a triangle be drawn with a side length of
triangle. Write three side lengths that will NOT 3 inches and angles at each end measuring ​90°​
form a triangle. and ​89°​? Explain.

8-3 Draw Triangles with Given Conditions 445

 Draw a Triangle with Two Given Side
EXAMPLE 4 Lengths and a Nonincluded Angle Measure
Can more than one triangle be drawn using two side lengths of 6 units and
9 units, and a ​40°​angle that is not formed by their intersection?
Draw ​∆ABC​with side lengths 6 units and 9 units, Swing side AB left to create an obtuse triangle,
and a nonincluded angle of ​40°​. keeping ​m∠C​at ​40°​.
A A

CA = 9 units AB = 6 units CA = 9 units AB = 6 units

40° 40°
C B
C B

The new triangle still has the given side lengths and
angle measure, but it is a different triangle.

So, more than one triangle can be made with the given measures.

Draw a Triangle with Three

EXAMPLE 5 Given Angle Measures
Is there a unique triangle with angle measures of ​30°​, ​60°​, and ​90°​?
Draw a triangle with the given angle measures. Enlarge and reduce your
Notice that side lengths are not required. drawing, keeping the angle Generalize Is there
measures the same but more than one way to
changing the side lengths to draw a triangle with
60° proportional measurements. three given angles?
90° 30°
Many different triangles
60° can be drawn with the
given angle measures.

90° 30°

So, there is not one unique triangle with angle measures of ​30°​, ​60°​, and ​90°​.

Try It!
Can more than one triangle be drawn with two side lengths of 6 inches and
a nonincluded angle of ​60°​? Explain.

446 8-3 Draw Triangles with Given Conditions

KEY CONCEPT KEY
CONCEPT

You can analyze given conditions of side lengths and angle

measures to determine whether one unique triangle, more
than one unique triangle, or no triangle can be drawn.

There is more than one possible triangle There is one unique triangle given
given these cases: all three angles, or these cases: all three sides, two
two sides and a nonincluded angle. sides and an included angle, or
two angles and an included side.

60°
9 5
6
45°
90° 30° 40° 3 4
6
40° 60°
5 6

Do You Understand? Do You Know How?

1. Essential Question How can you determine 4. How many triangles can be drawn with side
when it is possible to draw a triangle given lengths 4 centimeters, 4.5 centimeters, and
certain conditions? 9 centimeters? Explain.

5. Can more than one triangle be drawn with side

lengths of 5 inches and 7 inches and an included
2. Look for Relationships What is the relationship angle with a measure of ​50°​? Explain.
between all triangles that can be drawn given
the same three angle measures?

3. Why can there be only one way to draw a 6. Sketch two different triangles that have angle
triangle if two sides and an included angle are measures of ​45°​, ​45°​, and ​90°​.
given?

8-3 Draw Triangles with Given Conditions 447

 PRACTICE TUTORIAL

Name:

Practice & Problem Solving Scan for

Multimedia
7. Draw two different triangles with angle 8. If you form a triangle from three given side
measurements ​90°​, ​35°​, and ​55°​. lengths, will you always get one triangle or more
than one triangle?

9. How can you make different-looking triangles 10. If you form a triangle from two given angle
given two of the angle measures and the measures and the length of the included side,
included side lengths? will you always get one triangle or will you get
more than one triangle?

11. How can you make different triangles with the 12. Given two side lengths of 15 units and 9.5 units,
same angle measures? with a nonincluded angle of ​75°​, can you draw
no triangles, only one triangle, or more than
one triangle?

13. A student was asked to form different triangles with angle

measures of ​90°​, ​30°​, and ​60°​. She incorrectly said this triangle
is the only triangle with angle measures of ​90°​, ​30°​, and ​60°​.
What mistake might she have made?

448 8-3 Draw Triangles with Given Conditions

14. In triangle QRS, ​m∠QSR = 100°​, ​m∠SQR = 45°​, and ​QR = 4​units. In
triangle XYZ, ​m∠XYZ = 100°​, ​m∠ZXY = 45°​, and ​XY = 4​units. Are
triangles QRS and XYZ the same? Explain.

15. You are asked to make a triangular sign using the given information
about triangle WXY. In triangle WXY, ​m∠WXY = 45°​, ​m∠YWX = 90°​,
and ​WX = 5​feet.

a. Which triangle is correct? Each square on the grid is equal to

1 square foot.
𝖠 Y𝖡 Y Y Y Y𝖢 Y
Y Y Y

W W W X X X

W W W X X X

W W W X X X

b. Explain why only one triangle can be formed with these three pieces of information.

16. Look for Relationships Two different triangles 17. Higher Order Thinking Two triangles have
have side lengths of 13 and 16 units and a side lengths of 12 units and 15 units and the
nonincluded angle of ​50°​. Explain how the non-included angle of ​45°​. Draw two different
triangles are different. triangles with these conditions.

18. For triangle RST, RS is 12 centimeters, ST is 19. A triangle has two side lengths of 8.5 centimeters
16 centimeters, and RT is 19 centimeters. How and 9.5 centimeters. What is a possible length
many triangles can be drawn with the given side for the third side? Explain why this is a possible
lengths? length.

8-3 Draw Triangles with Given Conditions 449

20. Can a triangle be formed with side lengths of 4, 5, and 7 units?

Assessment Practice
21. Which of the following combinations of side lengths would form
a triangle? Select all that apply.

7 in., 10 in., 2.5 in.

4.5 ft, 8 ft, 5 ft

5 yd, 11 yd, 5 yd

12 in., 5 in., 9.5 in.

7 m, 7 m, 9 m

6 ft, 16 ft, 9 ft

22. Which of the following combinations of side lengths would NOT

form a triangle?
𝖠 7 cm, 10 cm, 13 cm
𝖡 10 ft, 13 ft, 15 ft
𝖢 10 yd, 11 yd, 13 yd
𝖣 10 in., 13 in., 23 in.

23. Draw a triangle that has exactly one line of symmetry.

450 8-3 Draw Triangles with Given Conditions

 Lesson 8-4
Explore It!
ACTIVITY

Solve Problems
The intersecting skis form four angles.
Using Angle
Relationships
Go Online

I can…
solve problems involving angle
relationships.

A. List all the pairs of angles that share a ray.

B. Suppose the measure of ​∠1​increases. What happens to the size of

​∠2​? ​∠3​?

C. How does the sum of the measures of ​∠1​and ​∠2​change when one
ski moves? Explain.

Focus on math practices

Construct Arguments Why does the sum of all four angle measures stay
the same when one of the skis moves?

451
? Essential Question How are angles formed
by intersecting lines related?
VISUAL
LEARNING ASSESS

Scan for
Solve Problems Involving Adjacent
EXAMPLE 1 Multimedia
and Vertical Angles
A skewed intersection has two roads that intersect
at more than 20 degrees away from ​90°​. Determine
whether the road intersection shown is skewed by
finding the measures of ​∠ABC​and ​∠DBE​.

Look for Relationships What

angle measures would a skewed
intersection have?

Examine how the angles are related. Write and solve an equation Find the measure
to find the value of x. of an angle in the
Angles opposite each other are called vertical intersection.
angles. Vertical angles have equal measures. Read “m” as “the
​m∠ABC = (x + 35)°​
∠ABC and ∠DBE are vertical angles. measure of” the
named angle. ​= (45 + 35)°​

C ​m∠ABC = m∠DBE ​= 80°​

A x + 35 = 2x − 10
​
B ​∠ABC​and ​∠DBE​
D x + 35 + 10 = 2x − 10 + 10
​
both measure ​80°​.
x + 45 = 2x
​
E x − x + 45 = 2x − x
​ Since ​80°​is within ​20°​
Non-overlapping angles
of ​90°​, the road
that share a ray are called 45 = x​
​
adjacent angles. ∠ABE and intersection is not
∠EBD are adjacent angles, skewed.
sharing ray BE.

Try It!
​∠MNQ​and ​∠PNR​are vertical angles. What is the value of x? M Q

Vertical angles are , so the equation can (3x – 6)°

N
be used to find x. The value of x is . 114°

R P
Convince Me! Why can you use an equation when solving for x in
the diagram?

452 8-4 Solve Problems Using Angle Relationships

 Solve Problems Involving
EXAMPLE 2 Complementary and
ACTIVITY ASSESS

Supplementary Angles
a. Ray EG splits right angle DEF into two angles,​ b. The two angles shown are supplementary
∠DEG​and ​∠GEF​. Find the value of x. angles. Find the value of x.

Complementary angles Supplementary angles

have a sum of 90°. have a sum of 180°.
D
G

(3x)° 50°
( 2x – 4)°
36°
E F

​m∠DEG + m∠GEF = 90 ​​(__

​  x ​ − 4)​ + 50 = 180​
2
3x + 36 = 90
​ x ​ + 46 = 180​
​​ __
2
3x + 36 − 36 = 90 − 36
​ x ​ + 46 − 46 = 180 − 46​
​​ __
2
3x = 54​
​ x ​ = 134
​​ __
2
​​  3x ​ = ___
___ ​  54 ​ x ​ = 2 ∙ 134
2 ∙ ​ __
​
3 3 2
x = 18​
​ x = 268​
​

EXAMPLE 3 Find the Measure of an Unknown Angle

Find the measure of ​∠PAR​.
STEP 1 Use vertical angles to find the value of x. L K (2x + 16)°
​m∠UAG = m∠KAR
A R
6x = 2x + 16
​ ?
G
6x − 2x = 2x − 2x + 16
​
U P
​
4 x = 16​ (6x)°
​m∠UAG = (6x)°
___4x ​  16 ​​
​​  ​= ___ = (6 • 4)° = 24°​
​
4 4
​x = 4​ So m
​ ∠KAR = 24°​.

STEP 2 Use complementary angles to find the measure of ​∠PAR​.

m∠KAR + m∠PAR = 90°​
​
​24° + m∠PAR = 90°​
m∠PAR = 66°​
​

Try It!
​m∠1​is 4 times ​m∠2​. ​∠1​and ​∠2​are complementary. ​∠1​and ​∠3​ are
vertical angles. ​∠3​and ​∠4​are supplementary. What are the measures
of the four angles?

8-4 Solve Problems Using Angle Relationships 453

KEY CONCEPT KEY
CONCEPT

This ray is shared by

Angles 1 and 2, so
they are adjacent.

Angle 1
Angles 4 and 5 form
Angle 5 Angle 2 The sum of Angles 2
a straight line and
add up to 180°, so they and 3 is 90°, so they
Angle 3 are complementary.
are supplementary.
Angle 4

Angles 1 and 4 are

opposite each other,
so they are vertical.

Do You Understand? Do You Know How?

1. Essential Question How are angles formed Use the diagram below for 4–6.
by intersecting lines related?

Angle 1
(9x)°
Angle 5
Angle 4 Angle 2
Angle 3
90°

2. Use Structure Can vertical angles also be

adjacent angles? Explain.
4. List two pairs of adjacent angles.

5. List all pairs of vertical angles.

3. Reasoning Do complementary and

6. If ​∠1​and ​∠3​are the same measure, what is the
supplementary angles also have to be adjacent
value of x?
angles? Explain.

454 8-4 Solve Problems Using Angle Relationships

 PRACTICE TUTORIAL

Name:

Practice & Problem Solving Scan for

Multimedia
7. List each angle adjacent to ​∠w​. 8. List two pairs of adjacent angles.
L M
x
w y
z
K O N

9. Find the value of x. 10. Find the value of x.

(9x)°
J 125° (5x + 30)°

H 18°
W

11. ​∠1​and ​∠2​are complementary angles. The measure of ​∠1​ is ​42°​.

The measure of ​∠2​ is ​(3x)°​. Find the value of x.

2
1

12. Two streets form an intersection. ​∠C​and ​∠D​are

supplementary angles. If the measure of ​∠C​is ​128°​ C D
and the measure of ​∠D​is two times the value of x,
what is the value of x?

8-4 Solve Problems Using Angle Relationships 455

13. If ​∠A​and ​∠B​are supplementary angles and ​∠A​ 14. Higher Order Thinking The measure of ​∠DBE​
is three times as large as ​∠B​, find the measures is ​(0.1x − 22)°​and the measure of ​∠CBE​is
of ​∠A​and ​∠B​. ​(0.3x − 54)°​. Find the value of x.

D
E

A B C

15. Reasoning ​∠1​and an angle that measures ​50°​are supplementary.

Another angle that measures ​50°​and ​∠3​are supplementary.
Show that ​m∠1​and ​m∠3​are equal.

Assessment Practice
16. Using the diagram at the right, Martin incorrectly writes
​m∠b = 125°​.
b
What mistake did Martin likely make? Find the correct measure of ​∠b​. a
55°

17. What is the measure, in degrees, of angle x?

x

107°
130°

18. What is the measure, in degrees, of the highlighted angle?

x
2x

456 8-4 Solve Problems Using Angle Relationships

 Lesson 8-5
Explore It!
ACTIVITY
Solve Problems
Involving
The distance around a circle and the distance across Circumference
a circle are related.
of a Circle

Go Online

I can…
solve problems involving radius,
diameter, and circumference
of circles.

A. Use string to measure the distance across each circle. How many of these
lengths does it take to go completely around the circle?

B. Use the string and a ruler to measure

Button Disk Dartboard
the distance across the circle and the
distance around the circle. Complete
Distance Around
the table. Round each measurement
the Circle
to the nearest quarter inch.

Distance Across
the Circle

C. What do you notice about the ratio of the distance around the circle to
the distance across the circle for each circle?

Focus on math practices

Look for Relationships How can you estimate the distance around any
circle when given the distance across the circle?

457
? Essential Question How is the circumference of a circle VISUAL
LEARNING ASSESS

related to the length of its diameter?

Scan for
Describe Parts of a Circle and Find
EXAMPLE 1 Circumference to Solve Problems
Multimedia

Mark recently replaced his front bicycle wheel. How far

does the bike travel with each revolution of his new
front wheel?

Look for Relationships

How is one revolution of the wheel Diameter
related to linear distance? = 26 inches

Relate the given information to the parts of a circle. Use the circumference formula to
calculate the distance around the wheel.

The radius is the distance from the ​C = πd

outside of the circle to the center. The diameter of the
C = π(26)
​ wheel is 26 inches.
C = 26π​
​
The diameter is the distance across
the circle through the center. The circumference is exactly ​26π​.
​C ≈ 26(3.14)
The circumference is the To approximate the
= 81.64​
​
distance around the circle. distance, use 3.14 for ​π​.

The distance around the wheel is about

81.64 inches. So the bike travels about
​π​is the ratio of the circumference, 81.64 inches with each revolution of
C, of a circle to its diameter, d. the wheel.
​​  C ​= π
__
d
​π​is a decimal that never repeats or
C = πd​
​ terminates. ​π = 3.14159​…

Try It!
What is the circumference of the rim of a basketball hoop with
a radius of 9 inches?

First, multiply the radius by to get the diameter, inches.

Then, multiply the diameter by 3.14 (an approximation for ​π​) to get 9 in.
a circumference of about inches.

Convince Me! If the diameter is doubled, what happens to the

circumference? Explain.

458 8-5 Solve Problems Involving Circumference of a Circle

 Find the Diameter Using
EXAMPLE 2 the Circumference
ACTIVITY ASSESS

Kayla and Theo got on the Ferris wheel shown. About

how high will they be at the top of the Ferris wheel? Circumference:
Use the circumference formula to find the 220 ft
diameter of the Ferris wheel.

22 ​​as an approximation for ​π​.

ANOTHER WAY Use ​​ ___
ONE WAY Use 3.14 as an approximation for ​π​. 7
​C = πd ​C = πd

220 ≈ (3.14)d​
​ Substitute 3.14 for ​π​. ​
2 20 ≈ ​(___
​  22 ​)​d​ ​​  22
Substitute __ ​​ for ​π​.
7 7

7 ​∙ 220 = ___
​​ ___ ​  7 ​∙ ___
​  22 ​d
​​  220 ​= _____
____ ​  3.14d ​​ 22 22 7
3.14 3.14
70 = d​
​
​70 ≈ d​
Kayla and Theo will be about 70 feet above the ground when at the top of the Ferris wheel.

EXAMPLE 3
6 in.
Use Circumference to Solve a Problem
The larger gear turns twice per second. It causes the
smaller gear to turn. How fast does the smaller gear 2 in.
turn per second?

STEP 1 Use the circumference STEP 2 Divide to find the STEP 3 Multiply to find the
formula to find the number of full turns the smaller number of full turns the smaller
circumferences of the larger gear makes when the larger gear makes in one second.
gear and the smaller gear. gear makes one full turn.
​3 × 2 = 6​
Larger gear Smaller gear 18.84 ​ = 3​
​​ _____
6.28 The smaller gear
​C = πd ​C = πd makes three full The larger gear
turns for every turns two times
C ≈ (3.14)(6)
​ C ≈ (3.14)(2)
​ per second.
full turn of the
C = 18.84​
​ C = 6.28​
​ larger gear.
The smaller gear makes 6 full
turns per second.

Try It!
The circle has a circumference of 9.42 units. What is the area of the square?
Use 3.14 for ​π​. Explain how you found the answer.

8-5 Solve Problems Involving Circumference of a Circle 459

KEY CONCEPT KEY
CONCEPT

The parts of a circle and their relationships are summarized in the diagram below.

The radius of a circle is half the

length of its diameter.
The ratio of the circumference
of a circle to its diameter is π.
The value of π is approximately Circumference is the distance
22 around a circle. It can be calculated
3.14 or 2
2. 7
using the formula C = πd or
equivalently C = 2πr.

Do You Understand? Do You Know How?

1. Essential Question How is the 4. What is the circumference of a circle with
circumference of a circle related to the length a radius of 5 inches?
of its diameter?

2. Construct Arguments Are there any circles 5. What is the diameter of a circle with a
for which the relationship between the diameter circumference of 10.99 feet?
and circumference cannot be represented
by ​π​? Explain.

3. Be Precise Can you find the exact circumference 6. How many full revolutions
of a circle when you multiply the diameter does a car tire with a
22
by ​​ __
7
​​? Explain. diameter of 25 inches
make when the car
travels one mile?

460 8-5 Solve Problems Involving Circumference of a Circle

 PRACTICE TUTORIAL

Name:

Practice & Problem Solving Scan for

Multimedia
7. Find the circumference of the circle. Use ​π​as 8. Find the circumference of the circle. Use 3.14
part of the answer. for ​π​. Round to the nearest hundredth.

7 cm 20 ft

9. Find the circumference of the circle. Use ​π​as 10. Find the circumference of the circle. Use 3.14
part of the answer. for ​π​. Round to the nearest hundredth.

12 mi 9.5 cm

11. Find the diameter of a circle with a 12. The distance around a meteor crater is
circumference of 27 centimeters. Use 3.14 9,687 feet. Find the diameter of the crater.
for ​π​. Round to the nearest tenth. ​​  22
Use __ 7
​​ for ​π​. Round to the nearest tenth.

13. Make Sense and Persevere The circumference of the inner

circle is 44 feet. The distance between the inner circle and the outer
circle is 3 feet. By how many feet is the circumference of the outer
22
circle greater than the circumference of the inner circle? Use ​​ __
7
​​ 3 ft
for ​π​. Round to the nearest hundredth of a foot.

8-5 Solve Problems Involving Circumference of a Circle 461

14. Generalize What is the ratio of the radius to the 15. What is the radius of a circle with a
circumference of any circle, using 3.14 for ​π​? circumference of 26.69 centimeters?

16. Higher Order Thinking A unicycle wheel

5 rotations
makes five rotations. The unicycle travels
37.94 feet. Find the diameter of the wheel
in inches. Use 3.14 for ​π​. Round to the nearest
tenth of an inch.

Assessment Practice
17. Camille drew the figure shown at the right.
Which of the following is the best estimate of the perimeter
of the figure? 9 ft
𝖠 36 feet
𝖡 81 feet 9 ft

𝖢 45 feet
𝖣 50 feet

18. A cabin on a ferris wheel has traveled one fourth of the circumference
of the wheel, a distance of 117.75 feet. What is the radius, in feet, of
the ferris wheel? Use 3.14 for ​π​.

120 m
19. The diagram shows a track composed of a rectangle with a semicircle on
each end. The area of the rectangle is 7,200 square meters. What is the
perimeter, in meters, of the track? Use 3.14 for ​π​.

462 8-5 Solve Problems Involving Circumference of a Circle

 TOPIC

8
Name:
MID-TOPIC
1. Vocabulary How are adjacent angles and vertical angles alike? CHECKPOINT
How are they different? Lesson 8-4

2. On a map, 1 inch equals 150 miles. The border between two states is
5.5 inches long on the map. What is the actual length of the border?
Lesson 8-1

In 3 and 4, use the figure to the right. C

3. What is the measure of ​∠BZD​? Lesson 8-4 B
58°
𝖠 ​58°​ 𝖡 ​148°​ (2x)°
A Z D
𝖢 ​32°​ 𝖣 ​90°​

4. Find the value of x. Lesson 8-4

5. Pierce draws a circle with a radius of 3 centimeters. Gianna draws a circle

with a radius that is twice as long as the radius of Pierce’s circle. How will
the circumference of Gianna’s circle compare with the circumference of
Pierce’s circle? Lesson 8-5

The circumference of Gianna’s circle is times the circumference of

Pierce’s circle.

6. Draw a triangle with one side length of 5 units and another side length
of 7 units. What additional piece of information will guarantee that only
one triangle can be drawn? Lessons 8-2 and 8-3

How well did you do on the mid-topic checkpoint? Fill in the stars.

Topic 8 Solve Problems Involving Geometry 463

TOPIC

8 MID-TOPIC
PERFORMANCE TASK
Mrs. Thomas has two rolls of garden edging that are each 96 inches long.
She wants to make two new flower beds in her back yard. Each flower bed
will be bordered by one roll of the edging. One flower bed will be in the
shape of a quadrilateral. The other will be in the shape of a triangle.

PART A

Mrs. Thomas decides to make a scale drawing of each flower bed using a
scale of ​1 centimeter = 5 inches​. What will be the total length of each roll
of edging in her scale drawings?

PART B

Mrs. Thomas wants the quadrilateral flower bed to have at least two ​90°​
angles. Draw a possible plan for this flower bed using the scale from Part A.
Make sure to use a complete roll of edging in the border. Label your drawing
with all the angle measures and with the scaled length of each side. Name
the shape of the flower bed you drew. What will be its actual dimensions?

PART C

Mrs. Thomas began to make a drawing for the triangular flower bed. In her
drawing, the length of one side of the triangle is 4.8 centimeters, the length
of a second side is 6.4 centimeters, and the included angle is a right angle. Use
these measures and the scale from Part A to make a completed scale drawing.
Label your drawing with all the angle measures to the nearest whole degree
and with the scale length of each side. What will be the actual dimensions of
this flower bed?

464 Topic 8 Solve Problems Involving Geometry

 Lesson 8-6
Explore It!
ACTIVITY

Solve Problems
Latoya cut a circle into 8 equal sections and arranged the
Involving Area
pieces to form a shape resembling a parallelogram. of a Circle
Go Online
Circumference,
C, or 2πr
1
- C
2
I can…
solve problems involving the
area of a circle.
r

Radius, r

A. How is the base length of the new shape related to the circumference
of the circle?

B. How is the height of the new shape related to the radius of the circle?

C. Since this new shape was made from a circle, use the information from
the diagram and the formula for the area of the parallelogram,
​A = bh​, to discover the formula for the area of a circle.

Focus on math practices

Look for Relationships The formula ​A = bh​can be used to find a good
estimate for the area of the cut-out diagram. What would happen to this
estimate if the circle were cut into 100 sections? 1,000 sections?

465
? Essential Question How can the area formula for a VISUAL
LEARNING ASSESS

circle be used to solve problems?

Scan for
Solve Problems Involving
EXAMPLE 1 Multimedia
the Area of a Circle
The floor of a new butterfly conservatory will be a circle
with an 18-foot radius. The material for the floor will cost
$3.95 per square foot. About how much will the floor cost?

STEP 1 Use the formula for the area of a circle to STEP 2 Calculate the cost of the necessary floor
find the area of the floor. material.

An approximation Cost per square foot

for ​π​is 3.14.
​A = π​r​​  2 18 ft
r ​3.95 × 1,018 = 4,021.10​
A ≈ (3.14)(18​)​​  2
​
A = (3.14)(324)
​
Total square Total cost
A = 1,017.36​
​ feet of floor of the floor
The area of the
floor of the new Reasoning Why The total cost of the floor will be about $4,021.
conservatory is about round the area to the
1,018 square feet. next whole foot?

Try It!
At a school play, there is a spotlight above the center of
the floor that covers a lighted area with a radius of 7 feet.
What is the area covered by the spotlight?

​A = π​r​​  2

A≈(
​ ​  22 ​)​ ∙
​ ___ 2 ​​  22 ​​.
An approximation for ​π​is ___
7
7

​
A ​  22 ​ ∙
= ___ r = 7 feet
7

A=
​ ​

The area covered by the spotlight is about square feet.

Convince Me! If the diameter of a circle is given, how would

you find the area?

466 8-6 Solve Problems Involving Area of a Circle

 Use Area to Find the Radius
EXAMPLE 2 and Diameter
ACTIVITY ASSESS

The athletic department wants to paint the school’s mascot

logo on the gym locker room wall. They start by painting
a solid blue circle on the wall. What is the maximum diameter
of the logo if only one quart of blue paint is used?

The radius is the unknown

​A = π​r​​  2 in the equation.

78.5 ≈ (3.14) ∙ ​r​​ 2​​

​
An approximation for ​π​is 3.14.
(3.14) ∙ ​r​​ 2​
​​  78.5 ​ = _________
____ ​   ​​
3.14 3.14
​25 = ​r​​ 2​​ What number times 1 quart of
itself is equal to 25? blue paint
​5 = r​ covers
78.5 ft2.
The radius is 5 feet, so the diameter of the school’s
mascot logo can be up to 10 feet.

Use Circumference to Find

EXAMPLE 3
the Area of a Circle
Ellie needs new grass in the circular pen for her chickens.
What is the area of the pen?

Look for Relationships How 176 feet of fencing

can you use the circumference to find
the information needed to calculate
the area?

STEP 1 Find the radius, r, of the circular pen. STEP 2 Use the radius to find the area
of the circular pen.
​C = 2πr
​A = π​r​​  2
76 ≈ 2 ∙ ( ​  22 ​)​ ∙ r
An approximation
​
1 ​ ___
7 ​​  22 ​​.
for ​π​is ___ ​
A ​  22 ​(28​)​​  2
≈ ___
7 7
​
1 44 ​ ∙ r​
76 = ​ ___
7 A = 2,464​
​

​​ ___ ​  7  ​ ∙ (
7  ​ ∙ 176 = ___ ​  44 ​)​ ∙ r
​ ___ The area of the circular pen is about
44 44 7
2,464 square feet.
28 = r​
​

The radius of the circular pen is about 28 feet.

Try It!
a. How far away can a person live from a radio station and hear its
broadcast if the signal covers a circular area of 40,000 square miles?
Write your answer as a whole number.

b. What circular area is covered by the signal if the circumference is

754 miles?

8-6 Solve Problems Involving Area of a Circle 467

KEY CONCEPT KEY
CONCEPT

You can find the area, A, of a circle using the formula ​A = π​r​​  2​​, where r is
the radius.

​A = π​r​​  2​

Common approximations for ​

​​ 22 ​​.
π​are 3.14 and ___
7

Do You Understand? Do You Know How?

1. Essential Question How can the area For 4–7, use 3.14 for π.
formula for a circle be used to solve problems?
4. What is the area of a circle with a radius of
8 inches?

5. What is the radius of a circle with an area of

28.26 square feet?
2. Be Precise Is an area calculation exact when you
22
use 3.14 or ​​ __
7
​​as a value for ​π​? Explain.

6. What is the area of a circle with a circumference

of 25.12 meters?

3. Use Structure If you know the diameter of a

circle, how can you find the area? 7. The diameter of a pizza is 12 inches. What is
its area?

12 in.

468 8-6 Solve Problems Involving Area of a Circle

 PRACTICE TUTORIAL

Name:

Practice & Problem Solving Scan for

Multimedia
8. Find the area of the circle. Use 3.14 for ​π​. 9. Find the area of the circle. Use 3.14 for ​π​.

9 ft
106 yd

10. Jaylon created this 11. The circumference of a circle is 50.24 meters.
stained-glass window. 4 in. 4 in. What is the area of the circle? Use 3.14 for ​π​.
The upper two corners are
quarter circles, each with a
radius of 4 inches. Find the
area of the window. Use
3.14 for ​π​. 26 in.

12 in.

12. Higher Order Thinking A circular flower bed is 13. A circular plate has a circumference of
20 meters in diameter and has a circular sidewalk 16.3 inches. What is the area of this
around it that is 3 meters wide. Find the area of plate? Use 3.14 for ​π​. Round to the nearest
the sidewalk in square meters. Use 3.14 for ​π​. whole number.
Round to the nearest whole number.

14. A water sprinkler sends water out in a circular pattern. How many feet
away from the sprinkler can it spread water if the area formed by the
watering pattern is 379.94 square feet?

8-6 Solve Problems Involving Area of a Circle 469

15. The circumference of a circular rug is 24.8 meters. What is the
area of the rug? Use 3.1 for ​π​. Round your answer to the
nearest tenth.

16. Frank wants to find the area enclosed by the figure at the right.
The figure has semicircles on each side of a 40-meter-by-40-meter
40 m
square. Find the area enclosed by the figure. Use 3.14 for ​π​.

40 m

Assessment Practice
17. Julia’s bedroom is 10 feet by 10 feet. She wants to place a circular rug
in the corner of her room.

PART A PART B
She places a rug with a radius of 2 feet in her Julia decides she wants a rug that covers about
room. How much of her bedroom floor, in 50% of her floor. Which rug should she buy?
square feet, is not covered by the rug? Use 3.14
𝖠 A rug with a radius of 5 feet
for ​π​. Round to the nearest tenth.
𝖡 A rug with a diameter of 5 feet
𝖢 A rug with a radius of 4 feet
𝖣 A rug with a diameter of 4 feet

18. The circumference of a hubcap of a tire is 81.58 centimeters. Find the

area, in square centimeters, of this hubcap. Use 3.14 as an approximation
for ​π​. Round your answer to the nearest whole centimeter.

470 8-6 Solve Problems Involving Area of a Circle

3-ACT MATH  3-Act
Mathematical
Modeling:
Whole Lotta Dough
Go Online

ACT 1

1. After watching the video, what is the first question that comes to mind?

2. Write the Main Question you will answer.

3. Construct Arguments Predict an answer to this Main Question.

Explain your prediction.

4. On the number line below, write a number that is too small to

be the answer. Write a number that is too large.

Too small Too large

5. Plot your prediction on the same number line.

Topic 8 3-Act Mathematical Modeling 471

ACT 2

6. What information in this situation would be helpful to know?

How would you use that information?

7. Use Appropriate Tools What tools can you use to solve the problem?
Explain how you would use them strategically.

8. Model with Math Represent the situation using mathematics.

Use your representation to answer the Main Question.

9. What is your answer to the Main Question? Is it higher or lower than

your prediction? Explain why.

472 Topic 8 3-Act Mathematical Modeling

ACT 3

10. Write the answer you saw in the video.

11. Reasoning Does your answer match the answer in the video?
If not, what are some reasons that would explain the
difference?

12. Make Sense and Persevere Would you change your model
now that you know the answer? Explain.

Topic 8 3-Act Mathematical Modeling 473

ACT 3 Extension

13. Model with Math Explain how you used a mathematical model to represent
the situation. How did the model help you answer the Main Question?

14. Reasoning Explain why your answer to the Main Question does not involve
the symbol ​π​.

SEQUEL

15. Use Structure If the regular pizza costs $8.99, how much do you think
the big pizza costs?

474 Topic 8 3-Act Mathematical Modeling

 Lesson 8-7
Describe Cross
Solve & Discuss It! ACTIVITY

Sections
How could Mrs. Mendoza divide the ream of paper equally
between two art classes? She has a paper cutter to slice the Go Online
paper, if needed. What will the dimensions for each sheet of
paper be once she has divided the ream? How many sheets
will each class receive?
I can…
determine what the cross section
1
82 in. looks like when a 3D figure is sliced.
11 i

500 sheets
n.

Focus on math practices

Use Structure How would the number of sheets of paper each class
receives change if Mrs. Mendoza started with 300 sheets?

475
? Essential Question How do the faces of a three-dimensional
figure determine the two-dimensional shapes created by slicing
VISUAL
LEARNING ASSESS

the figure?
Scan for
Describe Cross Sections of
EXAMPLE 1 Multimedia
Right Rectangular Prisms
Rachel and Francesca went to a restaurant that serves rectangular Use Structure What faces
bread rolls. Each sliced her roll in a different way. What do the are parallel to the slice?
cross sections look like?

RachelRachel Francesca
Francesca
A cross section is the
two-dimensional shape
2 in. 2 in. that is exposed when a 2 in. 2 in.
slice is made through a
3 in. 3 in. 4 in. 4 in. three-dimensional object. 3 in. 3 in. 4 in. 4 in.

Rachel made a vertical slice that was parallel to Francesca made a horizontal slice that was
the front and back faces of the roll. perpendicular to the front and back faces of the roll.

4 in.
3 in.
2 in.
2 in. 2 in. 3 in.

3 in. 3 in. 4 in.

4 in.
The cross section is
The cross section The cross section is parallel The cross section
parallel to the front
and back faces, so it is a rectangle to the top and bottom faces, is a rectangle
is the same shape as that is 3 inches so it is the same shape as that is 4 inches
those faces. by 2 inches. those faces. by 3 inches.

Try It!
Zachary made a vertical slice that was parallel to
the left and right faces of a bread roll. What
shape is the cross section, and what are its
dimensions? 2 in.

The shape of the cross section is a

4 in.
3 in.
that is inches by inches.

Convince Me! What are the shapes of horizontal and vertical

cross sections of a rectangular prism, and how can you determine
the dimensions of the cross sections?

476 8-7 Describe Cross Sections

 Describe Cross Sections of Right
EXAMPLE 2 Rectangular Pyramids
ACTIVITY ASSESS

Kenya made a sand castle in the shape

of a right rectangular pyramid with a
height of 0.9 feet.
a. If Kenya sliced the castle horizontally, 0.9 ft
parallel to the base, what would the
cross section look like?

Horizontal cross sections

are rectangles that are 0.6 ft
smaller than the base of 0.75 ft
the pyramid.

0.6 ft
The cross section
0.75 ft
0.9 ft would be an
b. If Kenya sliced the castle vertically, through isosceles triangle
the top vertex, perpendicular to the base, and with a height of
intersecting the 0.75-foot edges, what would 0.9 feet and a base
the cross section look like? length of 0.6 foot.
0.6 ft

0.75 ft

EXAMPLE 3 Solve Problems Involving Cross Sections

A truck needs a metal divider that separates
the refrigerated part of the truck from the dry refrigerated zone
dry zone
goods. What should the divider look like, and
how many square feet will the metal divider be?
metal divider

8 ft

10 ft
48 ft

STEP 1 Draw a picture of the cross section. STEP 2 Find the area of the metal divider.
​A = ℓ × w
10 ft = 10(8) = 80 ​ft​​  2​
​

8 ft The metal divider will be 80 square feet.

Try It! 4 in.

Draw the cross section that is created when a vertical plane

intersects the top vertex and the shorter edge of the base 3 in.
of the pyramid shown. What is the area of the cross section? 7 in.

8-7 Describe Cross Sections 477

KEY CONCEPT KEY
CONCEPT

A cross section is the two-dimensional shape exposed when a

three-dimensional figure is sliced. The shape and dimensions
of a cross section in a rectangular prism are the same as the
faces that are parallel to the slice.

Cross section Cross section

Do You Understand? Do You Know How?

1. Essential Question How do the faces of 4. The divider in a desk drawer
a three-dimensional figure determine the is a cross section that is 5 cm
two-dimensional shapes created by slicing parallel to the front of the
the figure? drawer. What is its
shape, and what are 12 cm
its dimensions?
8 cm

5. Use the diagram to answer 10 mm

the questions.

3 mm
2. Generalize What are the shapes of the cross 9 mm
sections that are parallel or perpendicular to the
bases of a right rectangular prism? a. Draw the cross section that is formed
when the pyramid is sliced vertically
through its vertex and its right face,
perpendicular to its base.

3. Generalize What are the shapes of the horizontal

cross sections of a right rectangular pyramid? What
are the shapes of vertical cross sections through
b. What is the area of this cross section?
the vertex opposite the base?

478 8-7 Describe Cross Sections

 PRACTICE TUTORIAL

Name:

Practice & Problem Solving Scan for

Multimedia
6. What are the dimensions of the vertical cross 7. Be Precise Describe the cross
section shown on this right rectangular prism? section that is formed by a
12 in.
5 in. vertical plane, perpendicular
to the base of the pyramid,
that intersects the 9-in.
edge and the top
4 in. vertex of the pyramid
shown.
9 in.
2 in.
8 in.

8. Mason is slicing butter for the meal he is 9. a. Look for Relationships What are the
preparing. Describe the vertical cross section dimensions of the vertical cross section?
when the knife slices through the butter, parallel 5 ft
to its sides.

3 in. 9 ft
5 in. 3 ft

2.5 in.

b. What would be the dimensions of a

horizontal cross section?

10. Use the figure to the right. 11. Make Sense and Persevere The base of a
right rectangular pyramid has a length of
a. Describe the cross section shown.
12 centimeters, a width of 6 centimeters,
and a height of 14 centimeters. Describe the
cross section formed by a horizontal plane
that intersects the faces of the pyramid
above the base.
11 ft
4 ft
6 ft

b. Is it possible to have a horizontal cross section

with different dimensions if you had the plane
intersect the prism at another height? Explain.

8-7 Describe Cross Sections 479

12. Higher Order Thinking Luis makes blocks 13. Make Sense and Persevere
from a painted piece of wood with dimensions The area of the cross section
of ​27 inches × 24 inches × 1.5 inches​. To make shown is 52 square yards.
72 blocks, the wood is cut into 3-inch squares. What is the length of
the unknown side of 13 yd
Draw two pictures showing the horizontal cross
the base of the
section and the vertical cross section of each block.
pyramid?

x
13 yd

14. A waiter slices a cake shaped like a square pyramid 15. Miranda says that the triangle
vertically through the top point. below represents the cross
section of the rectangular
a. Make Sense and Persevere Draw the
pyramid shown.
cross section that is made by slicing the cake 6.4 cm
in this way.
6.4 cm

9 cm
13 cm
13 cm
18 in.
What mistake might Miranda have made?

14 in.
14 in.
b. What is the area of this cross section?

Assessment Practice
16. Estimate, to the nearest whole number, the number of vertical
3 cm
cross sections needed to equal the area of the base of the 8 cm
figure to the right. Explain how you made your estimate,
and decide whether your estimate is higher or lower than the
actual number.
6 cm

480 8-7 Describe Cross Sections

 Lesson 8-8
Solve Problems
Solve & Discuss It! ACTIVITY

Involving Surface
Alaya will paint the outside of a box with three different
colors. Decide how she could paint the box. What is the
Area
total area that each color will cover?
Go Online

I can…
find the area and surface area of
2-dimensional composite shapes
and 3-dimensional prisms.

Make Sense and Persevere

What do you know about the faces
of a rectangular prism?

Focus on math practices

Reasoning Trista paints each pair of opposite sides of the box with the
same color. How many different areas does she need to find to determine
the total area covered by each color? Explain.

481
? Essential Question How is finding the area of
composite two-dimensional figures similar to finding the
VISUAL
LEARNING ASSESS

surface area of three-dimensional figures?

Scan for
EXAMPLE 1 Find the Area of Composite Figures Multimedia

A city planner wants all neighborhood

parks to have more green space than 14 ft
non-green space. Does this park meet 12 ft
the requirements? Explain. The shape of the non-green
12 ft
space is a composite figure.
24 ft A composite figure is the
Look for Relationships
How are the areas of the green combination of two or
35 ft more geometric shapes.
and non-green spaces related to
24 ft
the total area of the park?

Divide the park into familiar Add the areas of the non-green Find the area of the green
shapes. Use the information shapes. space.
given to find the dimensions.
24 ft 12 ft 14 ∙ 24 = 336 Area of
A
entire park
14 ft A 14 ft
11 ∙ 24 = 264 B Non-green
​(49 ∙ 36) − 888 area
B 11 ft = 1,764 − 888
​
1
(24) ∙ 24 = 288 C
2 ​
= 876 ​ft​​  2​
35 ft C The park does not meet the
24 ft requirements since the non-
green area, 888 ​​ft​​  2​​, is greater
​336 + 264 + 288 = 888 ​ft​​  2​​ than the green area, 876 ​​ft​​ 2​​.
12 ft 24 ft The total non-green area is 888 ​​ft​​  2​​.

Try It!
This diagram shows the area of a room to be carpeted. What will be 5 ft
the area of the new carpet?

​A = = ​ft​​  2​  ​B = = ​ft​​  2​​ 6 ft A

B
Total area =
​ + ​
9 ft
The area of the new carpet is square feet.

Convince Me! How does knowing the area of familiar shapes help find
the total area of a composite shape?

482 8-8 Solve Problems Involving Surface Area

EXAMPLE 2 Solve Surface Area Problems ACTIVITY ASSESS

Gavin constructed a model building and wants to cover the outside

with paper. How much paper will he need to cover the entire model?
STEP 1 Find the area of each face of the model.

Each part of the

roof measures 10
cm by 24 cm. 20 cm
The sides
are composed
of a triangle
24 cm of height
(20 − 12) cm,
or 8 cm, and
10 cm 12 cm 12 cm a square with
12-cm sides.
The bottom, front,
and back each measure
24 cm by 12 cm.

STEP 2 Find the total surface area of the model.

​(240 ∙ 2) + (288 ∙ 3) + (144 ∙ 2) + (48 ∙ 2) = 1,728 ​cm​​  2​​

Solve Mathematical Problems

EXAMPLE 3
4 in.
Involving Surface Area
What is the surface area of the composite figure shown? 6 in.
STEP 1 Find the surface area of the STEP 2 Find the surface area of the
bottom of the composite figure. top of the composite figure.
6 in. 6 in.
4 in.
Each square face
6 in. Each triangular face
is 6 ∙ 6 = 36 in.2. 1 2
2 ∙ 6 ∙ 4 = 12 in. .
is 2

One square face The square base is not

is not included. included.

​5 faces ∙ 36 ​in.​​  2​ = 180 ​in.​​  2​​ ​4 faces ∙ 12 ​in.​​  2​ = 48 ​in.​​  2​​

The total surface area of the composite figure is ​180 + 48 = 228 ​in.​​  2​​.

Try It!
Hiromi is painting the front and back of a barn. Each can of paint
15 ft
covers 32 square feet. How many cans of paint does Hiromi need to 11 ft
cover the entire front and back of the barn?
12 ft

8-8 Solve Problems Involving Surface Area 483

KEY CONCEPT KEY
CONCEPT

The area of a two-dimensional composite figure is the sum of the areas of

all the shapes that compose it. The surface area of a three-dimensional
composite figure is the sum of the areas of all its faces.
Two-dimensional composite figure Three-dimensional composite figure

Add the areas of

Add the areas of each face of the
each face of the triangular prism,
A rectangular prism, A B but not the face
but not the face that is shared
B that is shared with with Figure A.
C Figure B.
A + B + C = total area
​Surface area of shape A + Surface area of shape B
= Surface area of composite shape​

Do You Understand? Do You Know How?

1. Essential Question How is finding the area 4. Paula is painting a henhouse. If a can of paint
of composite two-dimensional figures similar to will cover 24 square feet, how many cans of
finding the surface area of three-dimensional paint does she need to buy? Explain the steps
figures? she might take to solve this problem.

2. Make Sense and Persevere Laine wants to 5. Find the area of the composite figure. The two
determine the amount of fabric needed to cover triangles have the same dimensions.
a triangular prism-shaped box. She begins by
2.5 cm
measuring the dimensions of the box. Explain
her next steps. 8 cm

7.5 cm

3. Use Structure Explain how you would find the 13 cm

surface area of the figure below.

6. A stage block is being covered in carpet. The

dimensions of the block are 2 feet by 3 feet by
6 feet. Every surface will need covering except
for the surface touching the floor, which is 3 feet
by 6 feet. How would you calculate the surface
area that needs covering?

484 8-8 Solve Problems Involving Surface Area

 PRACTICE TUTORIAL

Name:

Practice & Problem Solving Scan for

Multimedia
Leveled Practice In 7, fill in the boxes to solve.

7. Jacob is putting tiles on the sections of his yard labeled 3m 3m

A, B, and C. What is the area of the parts that need tiles?
3m

​Part A = ∙ = ​m​​  2​​ 6m

​Part B = ∙ = ​m​​  2​​

7.5 m
​Part C = __
​  1 ​ ∙ ∙ = ​m​​  2​​
2

​Total area = + + = ​m​​  2​​

8. What is the total area of the figure? 9. Find the surface area of the prism.

5 ft

15 in.
4 ft
8 ft
8 in. 4 in.

9 ft 9 ft

10. Find the surface area of the triangular prism. The 11. A block of wood has the shape of a triangular
base of the prism is an isosceles triangle. prism. The bases are right triangles. Find its
surface area.
48 cm

25 cm 1.5 in. 2 in.

24 cm 15 in.
2.5 in.
14 cm

8-8 Solve Problems Involving Surface Area 485

12. A box has the shape of a rectangular prism. 13. Higher Order Thinking Find the surface
How much wrapping paper do you need to area of the rectangular hexagonal prism. Show
cover the box? your work.

5 cm

14 cm

4.3 cm

14. A box has the shape of a rectangular prism 15. The base of a prism is an equilateral triangle
with a height of 29 centimeters. If the height is with an area of 73.2 square centimeters.
increased by 0.7 centimeter, by how much does The area of each lateral face is 104 square
the surface area of the box increase? centimeters. Riley incorrectly claims that the
surface area is 250.4 square centimeters.
a. What is the correct surface area?

29 cm
b. What could have been Riley’s error?

12 cm 6.3 cm

Assessment Practice
16. The bottom part of this block is a rectangular prism. The top part
6 cm
is a square pyramid. How much paper, in square centimeters, is
needed to cover the block completely?

3 cm

4 cm
4 cm

486 8-8 Solve Problems Involving Surface Area

 Lesson 8-9
Solve Problems
Solve & Discuss It! ACTIVITY

Involving Volume
Volunteers at a food pantry pack boxes of soup into
crates. How many boxes of soup will fill each crate? Go Online
Show your work.

I can…
use the area of the base of a
three-dimensional figure to find
12 in. its volume.

6 in.

4 in. 2 in.
12 in. 18 in.

Look for Relationships How

can you layer the soup boxes to cover
the bottom of the crate?

Focus on math practices

Reasoning A supplier donated crates to the food pantry that are 15 inches
long, instead of 18 inches long. All other dimensions are the same. What is
the greatest number of boxes of soup that will fit in the donated crates? How
will the volume of the soup vary from the total volume of the crate?

487
? Essential Question How does the formula for volume of
a prism help you understand what volume of a prism means?
VISUAL
LEARNING ASSESS

Scan for
EXAMPLE 1 Find Volumes of Prisms Multimedia

Cora has an aquarium with exotic fish. STEP 1 Identify the shape of the base.
The tank is the size and shape of a
trapezoidal prism. The distance from the 6 ft
front glass to the back is 2 feet. What is 3 ft
the volume of the aquarium tank? 5 ft
The base of
the prism is
2 ft a trapezoid.

STEP 2 Find the area of the base, B, of the prism.

b2
​
Area formula A = __​  12 ​(​b1​  ​​ + ​b2​  ​​)h​
for trapezoid h
​ = ​ __12 ​(3 + 6)2​
b1
​  12 ​(9)(2)​
= __
​
= 9 ​ft​​  2​​
​ Model with Math
Why does this formula
The area of the base is ​9 ​ft​​ 2​​.
work?

STEP 3 Find the volume of the prism.

​Volume = Area​of base of ​prism × height​of the prism

​V = Bh
=​
9(5)
45 ​ft​​  3​
=​ Volume is measured in cubic units.

The volume of the aquarium tank is ​45 ​ft​​ 3​​.

Try It!
What is the volume of the triangular prism? ​V = B ∙ h

6 cm
​
V =( ​  1 ​ ∙  
​ __
2
∙ )​∙ h
14 cm
8 cm V=(
​ )   ∙   

The volume of the prism is cubic centimeters.

V=
​ ​
Convince Me! What is the shape of the base of the figure?
What are its dimensions? Explain.

488 8-9 Solve Problems Involving Volume

EXAMPLE 2 Solve Problems Involving Volume ACTIVITY ASSESS

Students are selling a souvenir basketball. Will the basketball

fit inside the gift box that has a regular hexagonal base so that
7 in.
the lid fits on top?
V = 294 in.3
STEP 1 Find the area of the hexagonal base.
Area of base = 6 ∙ (area of one triangle in base)

​A = 6 ∙ ​(__
​  12 ​b ∙ h)​​
4
​ 6 ∙ ​ __12 ​(4) ∙ (3.5)
≈ You can decompose 4 in.
4 4
a regular hexagon
6 ∙ ​ __12 ​(14)
=​ into 6 equal triangles.
6 in.
Each edge of
=​
42​ 4 4
the hexagon
The area of the base is 4 base is 4 inches.
about 42 square inches. 3.5 The height of each
triangle in the base
STEP 2 Use the volume formula is about 3.5 inches.
to find the height.
​V = Bh The width of the box is given at 7 inches. The height
of the box is 7 inches. Both the height and width are Look for Relationships
294 = (42)h​
​ If you find the base area and the
greater than the diameter of the basketball, so the
​​  294
___ ​  42h
​= ___ ​​ basketball will fit with the lid on top of the box. volume is given, can you find
42 42
the height of the box?
​7 = h​

10 ft
EXAMPLE 3 Find Volumes of Composite Figures
Sequan has a shed for his athletic equipment. What is the
total volume of the shed? 18 ft

STEP 1 Find the volume of the STEP 2 Find the volume of

bottom section. the top section. 18 ft
18 ft
​V = Bh ​V = Bh
18 ft
=​
(18)(18) ∙ 18 =​
​  12 ​(18)(10) ∙ 18
__ 10 ft
STEP 3 Add the volumes
=​
324(18) =​
90(18) together.
18 ft
5,832​
=​ 18 ft 1,620​
=​ 18 ft ​5,832 + 1,620 = 7,452​

The volume of the top The total volume of the shed is

The volume of the bottom section is
section is 1,620 cubic feet. 7,452 cubic feet.
5,832 cubic feet.

10 in.
Try It!
Amber built a custom terrarium for her plants. What is the volume
30 in.
of the terrarium?
12 in.

10 in.
40 in.

8-9 Solve Problems Involving Volume 489

KEY CONCEPT KEY
CONCEPT

You can use formulas to solve problems involving the volume

of three‑dimensional figures.

Find the volume of a

composite figure by finding
the sum of the volumes of
each solid figure.
B
h

You can use the formula

V = Bh to find the volume
or unknown dimension of
a solid figure.

Do You Understand? Do You Know How?

1. Essential Question How does the formula 4. An aquarium has a regular hexagonal base
for volume of a prism help you understand what with side lengths of 15 centimeters. When the
volume of a prism means? hexagon is divided into six equal triangles, the
height of each triangle is about 13 centimeters.
If the aquarium is 50 centimeters tall, what is its
volume?

5. A cheese box is shaped like a

right triangular prism. The box
is 6 inches long, 4 inches tall, 4
2. Look for Relationships If you know the
and has a volume of 24 cubic
volume of a three-dimensional figure, how can
inches. Can a cube of cheese 6
you find a missing dimension of the figure?
that is 2.5 inches on each side
fit inside the box? Explain.

3. Make Sense and Persevere How do you find 6. Ray made a toolbox with the dimensions shown
the volume of a three-dimensional figure that to store garden tools. What is the volume of the
can be decomposed into prisms? toolbox?
16 in.

3 in.

7 in.
5 in.
7 in.
14 in.

490 8-9 Solve Problems Involving Volume

 PRACTICE TUTORIAL

Name:

Practice & Problem Solving Scan for

Multimedia
Leveled Practice In 7–8, find the volume of each prism.

7. 8. 7 cm

2.8 m
14 cm

7m 6.1 cm
4.2 m
​V = Bh ​V = Bh

=​
(0.5 ∙ ∙ )∙7 =​
(0.5 ∙ ∙ 7 ∙ 6) ∙

=​
​m​​  3​ =​
128.1 ∙

=​​cm​​  3​

9. A tunnel for an amusement park ride has the shape of a

regular hexagonal prism with dimensions shown. The prism
has a volume of 3,572.1 cubic meters. Can two 8-meter cars
connected by a 3-meter connector pass through the tunnel
at the same time? Explain.

7m
8.1 m

10. A volume of 185.5 cubic feet of 11. Make Sense and Persevere A small cube has a
concrete was used to make volume of 64 cubic feet. A larger cube has sides
the section of a skateboard that are three times as long as the small cube.
ramp shown. How long is How long are the sides of each cube?
the ramp?

4 ft
?

7 ft ? ?

8-9 Solve Problems Involving Volume 491

12. What is the volume of the regular hexagonal prism,
to the nearest cubic centimeter?

9 cm 24 cm
10.4 cm

13. A mailbox has the 14. Use Structure A glass bead has the shape
2 in.
dimensions shown. of a prism with a rectangular prism removed.
What is the volume What is the volume of the glass that forms the
of the mailbox? 8 in. bead?
2 cm

8 in. 12 in.
3 cm 2 cm

5 cm
3 cm

15. Higher Order Thinking A cake has two layers. Each layer 4.3 in.
5 in.
is a regular hexagonal prism. A slice removes one face of
each prism, as shown.
3 in.
a. What is the volume of the slice?

b. What is the volume of the remaining cake?

2 in.

6 in.
5.2 in.
Assessment Practice
16. The area of the top of the box shown is 17. Which of the following freezers is the best buy
60 square centimeters. What is the volume, in in terms of dollars per cubic foot?
cubic centimeters, of the box?
𝖠 Freezer A has an interior of 1 foot by 1 foot
by 5 feet and sells for $499.99.
𝖡 Freezer B has two sections of 3 cubic feet
each and sells for $629.99.
2 cm
𝖢 Freezer C has interior dimensions of 1.5 feet
5 cm by 1.5 feet by 4 feet and sells for $849.99.
𝖣 Freezer D has 3 sections of 1.5 cubic feet each
and sells for $444.99.

492 8-9 Solve Problems Involving Volume

 TOPIC

REVIEW 8
? Topic Essential Question
How can geometry be used to solve problems?

Vocabulary Review
Complete each definition, and then provide an example of each vocabulary word.

Vocabulary adjacent angles circumference complementary angles

composite figure cross section scale drawing
supplementary angles vertical angles

Definition Example

1. The distance around a circle is the

2. have a sum of

180 degrees.

3. A(n) is the

combination of two or more geometric shapes.

4. A(n) is the two-

dimensional shape that is exposed when a slice is

made through a three-dimensional object.

B
Use Vocabulary in Writing A
Shawna drew this picture of three intersecting lines. Use vocabulary terms C
to explain how she could determine the value of x. 47°
G x°
F D
E

Topic 8 Topic Review 493

 Concepts and Skills Review
LESSON 8-1 Solve Problems Involving Scale Drawings

Quick Review Practice

In a scale drawing, the scale is a ratio that Use the scale drawing to answer the questions.
relates each drawing length to the actual
length it represents. To find unknown lengths,
you can use the scale to write a proportion. Width Scale
Meeting Room
1.5 in. 1 in. = 3 yd

Example Length
4 in.
A blueprint of a room is drawn to a scale of ​
2 inches = 7​feet. The actual length of one wall 1. What is the actual area of the meeting room in
is 56 feet. What is the length of this wall on the square yards?
blueprint?
Use the scale to write a proportion.
​​  2 in. ​ = ____
____ ​  x in. ​​ 2. John decides to make a new scale drawing of
7 ft 56 ft
​56 feet = 7 feet × 8​, so multiply 2 inches by 8 the meeting room. He wants the length of the
room in the new drawing to be 8 inches. What
​x = 2 inches × 8 = 16​inches is the new scale for the drawing?
The length in the blueprint is 16 inches.

LESSON 8-2 Draw Geometric Figures

Quick Review Practice

You can classify a quadrilateral as a trapezoid, 1. Draw a quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel
a rectangle, a square, or a parallelogram sides, with one side measuring 5 centimeters,
based on its side lengths, side relationships, one side measuring 3 centimeters, and
and angle measures. one angle measuring ​45°​. What is the name
of the figure you drew?

Example
Draw a quadrilateral with exactly two
perpendicular sides and one angle measuring ​
120°​. What is the name of the figure you drew?

2. What quadrilaterals can you draw that have

two angles measuring ​115°​and two angles
measuring ​65°​?
120°

The figure has exactly one pair of parallel sides, so it

is a trapezoid.

494 Topic 8 Topic Review

LESSON 8-3 Draw Triangles with Given Conditions

Quick Review Practice

When you are given certain conditions for a 1. Can more than one triangle be drawn with side
triangle, it may be possible to draw one triangle, lengths of 4 centimeters and 2 centimeters and
more than one triangle, or no triangle. an included angle of ​50°​? Explain.

Example
How many triangles can be drawn with side
lengths of 3 inches, 5 inches, and 6 inches?
No matter how you position the sides, the triangle 2. When given angle measures of ​25°​, ​65°​, and ​
has the same shape and size. There is only one 90°​, is it impossible to draw a triangle, possible
way to draw a triangle with these side lengths. to draw only one triangle, or possible to draw
5 in. more than one triangle? Explain.

6 in. 3 in.
5 in. 6 in. 6 in.

5 in. 3 in.
3 in.

LESSON 8-4 Solve Problems Using Angle Relationships

Quick Review Practice

Angles that have a common vertex and a Use the figure from the example.
common side but no common interior points 1. Name a pair of complementary angles.
are adjacent angles. Supplementary angles are
angles with a sum of ​180°​. Complementary
angles are angles with a sum of ​90°​. When
two lines intersect, the angles that have no 2. The measure of ​∠XZY​ is ​55°​. Which other
side in common are called vertical angles. angle has a measure of ​55°​? Explain.
Vertical angles are equal.

Example
3. Use the information from Problem 2. Find the
List all pairs of vertical angles in this figure. value of n.
There are two pairs
Q
X of vertical angles:

Y • ​∠SZR​and ​∠XZY​
Z
S (3n + 5)° • ​∠SZX​and ​∠RZY​

Topic 8 Topic Review 495

LESSON 8-5 Solve Problems Involving Circumference of a Circle

Quick Review Practice

The distance around a circle is called its 1. The length of the minute hand of a clock is
circumference. The number ​π​(pi) is the 14 inches. What is the length of the path traced
ratio of the circumference of any circle to its by the outer tip of the minute hand in one
diameter. So when you know the diameter, d, ​​ 22
hour? Use __ 7
​​ for ​π​.
of a circle, or its radius, r, you can determine
its circumference, C, with the formula
​C = πd​or ​C = 2πr​.
2. The circumference of a bicycle tire is
126.5 centimeters. What is the diameter of the
tire? Use 3.14 for ​π​. Round to the nearest tenth
Example
as needed.
What is the circumference of a circle with a radius
of 6 meters? Use 3.14 for π.
​C = 2πr
C = 2π(6)
​
C ≈ 2(3.14)(6)
​
C = 37.68​
​
The circumference is about 37.68 meters.

LESSON 8-6 Solve Problems Involving Area of a Circle

Quick Review Practice

The area, A, of a circle can be found using the 1. Jessie wants to paint the top of
formula ​A = π​r​​  2​​, where r is the radius. You the table shown. What is the
22
can use 3.14 or ​​ __ 7
 ​​as an approximation for ​π​. approximate area that she 78 in.
will paint? Use 3.14 for ​π​.
Round to the nearest whole
Example
number of inches.
The diameter of the logo at the center of a
basketball court is 10 feet. What is the area of
the logo? Use 3.14 for ​π​.
The radius of a circle is half the diameter. So the 2. What is the diameter of a circle with an area
radius of the logo is half of 10 feet, or 5 feet. of 113.04 square centimeters. Use 3.14 for ​π​.
Substitute the radius into the circle area formula.
​A = π​r​​ 2
​
A = π​(5)​​ 2 3. The distance around a circular park is 88 yards.
A ≈ 3.14(25)
​ ​​ 22
What is the area of the park? Use __ 7
​​ for ​π​.
A = 78.5​
​
The area of the logo is about 78.5 square feet.

496 Topic 8 Topic Review

LESSON 8-7 Describe Cross Sections

Quick Review Practice

A cross section is the two-dimensional shape 1. The figure shows a vertical cross section of a
exposed when a three-dimensional figure is right rectangular pyramid. What shape is the
sliced. Recognizing the shape of a cross section cross section and what is its area?
can help in solving some problems.

Example 7 cm
Muffins are packed in two layers in a box
with a piece of cardboard placed between.
What shape is the cardboard and what are 5 cm
6.5 cm
its dimensions?
15 in.
2. Zach wants to slice the pyramid along a
horizontal plane that intersects the pyramid
6 in. above its base. Describe the cross section that
would be formed.
10 in.
The cardboard lies on a cross section shaped like a
rectangle that is 15 inches long and 10 inches wide.

LESSON 8-8 Solve Problems Involving Surface Area

Quick Review Practice

A composite figure is the combination of two 1. Kara wants to paint the four outside walls of
or more geometric shapes. The surface area her dog’s house. She will not paint the roof or
of a two- and a three-dimensional composite the door on the front of the house. What is the
figure will be the sum of the areas of all the area of the surface that Kara needs to paint?
shapes, or faces.

Example
The figure shows the plan for a kitchen
3 ft
countertop. What is the area of the countertop?
4 ft 2 ft
8 ft

3 ft 2 ft 7 ft

4 ft
8 ft 2 ft

3 ft

​  12 ​(3 ∙ 3) = 24 + 6 + 4.5 = 34.5​

​(3 ∙ 8) + (3 ∙ 2) + __

The area of the countertop is 34.5 f​​t​​ 2​​.

Topic 8 Topic Review 497

LESSON 8-9 Solve Problems Involving Volume

Quick Review Practice

You can find the volume, V, of a prism using 1. Holly has a gift box that is shaped like a
the formula ​V = Bh​. In this formula, B regular hexagonal prism. What is the volume
represents the area of the base of the prism of the box?
and h represents the height of the prism.
9 in.
Volume is measured in cubic units.

If the volume of a prism is known, you may be able

to use this formula to find an unknown dimension
of the prism. You also can use this formula to solve
problems involving volumes of composite figures 12 in.
that are made up of two or more prisms.

Example
Rhonda received a package in a box shaped like a
rectangular prism. What is the volume of the box? 7.8 in.

2. A designer is planning a trail mix box that is

shaped like a rectangular prism. The front of
the box must have the width and height shown.
9 in.
The volume of the box must be 162 cubic
inches. What must be the depth, d, of the box?
18 in.
9 in.

Find the area of the rectangular base.

​A = 9(18) = 162 ​in.​​  2​ 9 in.
Find the volume of the prism.
​V = Bh d
7.5 in.
V = 162(9)
​
V = 1,458 ​in.​​ 3​
​
3. A building that is used for storage has the
dimensions shown. What is the volume of
the building?
12 ft

16 ft

8 ft
14 ft
28 ft

498 Topic 8 Topic Review

 TOPIC

Pathfinder
Fluency Practice
8
Shade a path from START to FINISH. Follow the answers to the problems
so that each answer is greater than the one before. You can only move up, I can…
down, right, or left. use the percent equation to
solve problems.

START

Amy deposits $360 in Nat opened an An account is opened

an account that pays account that earns with an initial
1.2% simple annual 1.4% simple annual balance of $950
interest. How much interest. He will earn and a simple annual
interest will she earn $21 total interest interest rate of 1.6%.
in 6 years? after 3 years. How What is the balance
much did he deposit after 5 years?
when he opened the
account?

Ilsa withdraws $300 Jacey gets a $500 Travis has $1,500 in a

from an account that loan at a simple savings account. He
had a balance of annual interest deposits $75. How
$1,000. How much rate of 5%. She will much interest will
interest will she earn pay back the loan he earn after 2 years
on the remaining in equal monthly at a simple annual
balance at a simple payments over one interest rate of 1.3%?
annual interest rate year. How much is
of 1.8% over 3 years? each payment?

Pablo saves $85 per Cam borrows $1,000 Hank deposits

month for 6 months. from her bank. She money in an account
Then he deposits will pay back the loan that pays 1.5%
the money in an at a simple annual simple annual
account that earns interest rate of 4% interest. He earns
2.1% simple annual over 4 years. How $50.25 interest in
interest. How much much will she pay the first year. How
interest will he earn back altogether? much money did he
over 4 years? deposit?

FINISH
Topic 8 Topic Review 499