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Internship

The document outlines various tests conducted by the EPA, including chloride, pH, total solids (TS), total dissolved solids (TDS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), and biological oxygen demand (BOD). It details the procedures for each test, including sample preparation, reagents used, and specific steps to follow for accurate results. Additionally, it provides information on the materials needed and the significance of each test in assessing water quality.

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haleeema qadeer
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4 views11 pages

Internship

The document outlines various tests conducted by the EPA, including chloride, pH, total solids (TS), total dissolved solids (TDS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), and biological oxygen demand (BOD). It details the procedures for each test, including sample preparation, reagents used, and specific steps to follow for accurate results. Additionally, it provides information on the materials needed and the significance of each test in assessing water quality.

Uploaded by

haleeema qadeer
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Test which are held in EPA

Chloride test
Ph test
TS test
TDS test
COD test
TSS test
BOD test
SULFIDE SULFATE test
TDS :
Total dissolved solid
 Before adding the smaple calculate the weight of the beaker
 Then add the sample in it and put it in the oven for 8 hours
 Done without filter .
Add 100ml of sample in beaker
TSS :
total suspended solid
With filter we add 100 ml sample

Ts : total solid
Formula : Ts = TDS +TSS
Image show after filtratation of sample which used for TSS

Figure one show after filteration result of sample


Behind beaker have sample after treated with filter paper

Normal water contain = 6-7 ppm in fresh water

Chemical oxygen demand ( CoD ) :

Is the amount of oxygen requires to breakdown the organic material via


oxidation
It help to find out how much oxygen is consumed by organic matter
Open Reflux Titrimetric Method

Requirements :
 Industrial sample
 Treated sample
 Industrial sample + treated sample
 Erlenmeyer flask
 Small beaker.

Sample obtained from textile industry


Reagents
 Mercury sulfate
 Potassium dichromate 0.25N or O.025N
 H2SO4
 Ferroin indicator solution
 Sulfamic acid
 Distilled water
 Sulfuric acid reagent containing silver sulfate catalyst

Mercury sulfite Potassium di chromate

Step 1

Blank sample :
Which is composed of only distill water
Amount = 50 ml
Waste water :
Depend on its acidity , viscosity
Total = 50 ml
Waste water (20) + distill water (30)
Step 2 :
Procedure:
Take 4 breaker
In 1st beaker add distill water
Before adding the sample shake it well.
In 2nd beaker add industrial waste water
In 3rd beaker add industrial treated water
In 4th beaker add treated + non treated water
Now add 1 gram of mercury sulfate in each
beaker and mix it well
Now add potassium di chromide (0.25N)
Add 100 ml of the potassium in each beaker

This picture shows beaker containing sample


In it we add mercury sulfate and potassium di chromide
Now add 100 ml H2SO4 in the each beaker
Now attach the 4 beaker with hot plate for the
further procedure
Set the beakers on hot plate and leave it for 2
hours at 200 c temperature

its a hot plate which is used to give heat to give a reasonable yeild
of the product in a reasinable time .

After 2 hours remove the beaker from the hot plate


Cooling unit attached with hot plate to maintance the temperature of the
hotplate and beakers

Plate and the beakers


Step 3rd :
 Now add 250 ml of distill water into the each beaker
 And let it to cool down in refrigentor so that it may cool
down
 After cool it down add 8 drop ferroin indicator

Ferroin indicator which is use to change the color


basically a helper
 Then add ferrous amonuim sulfate until the color change of
the product

Ferrous amonuim sulfate which is used for tritation . bascialy help in reaction
and change the color

 From goldwn yellow its turn into the red marron

BOD : Biological Oxygen Demand .


MATERIAL :
 SAMPLE
 HCL
 BROMIUM CHOLRIDE
 FERRIC CHOLORIDE
 MAGNESIUM CHOLORIDE
 CALCAIUM CHOLORIDE
 PHOSHPHATE BUFEER
PREPARIND DILUTIONA WATER:
 Take distill water and add 1ml of ferric choloride
 Than add 1ml of magenisum choloride
 Than add 1ml of calcium choloride
 Than 1ml of phosphate in that distill water
 After that do areation in distill water
 Take a areation tank to rise the oxygen demand in water (10-15min )
And sample in 9 bottle for BOD
Add that prepared dilutaed water in to the sample and let it incubate it
for 5 days
After five days do BOD Tritration
With the help of :
 Mnso4
 Alkaline iodione azide
 Sulphuric acid
 Make its solution

 Add 2ml of mnso4 in each sample


 Add 2ml of alkaline iodione azide in each sample
 Add 2ml sulphuric acid in each sample .

 Take 203 ml from 300 ml sample


 Discard 97 ml from 203 ml
Do this with each bottle
Add indictor which is know as starch in each bottle of the sample
Then, trirate with sodium thiosulphtae
Than do reading of each bottle

Sulphide test
Material
 Sample
 Starch indicator
 Distill water
 Sodium thiosulphate solution
 Blank bottles

Procedures
 Take 10 ml of sample and 40 ml of solution
 Than add 5ml of solution add 2.5ml of iodine solution
 Add 2.5ml starch indicator in it
 In blank bottle add 50 ml distill water
 In blank bottle add 0.25 ml of sodium thiosulphate
 Than note there intial and final reading
 After that apply formula
Chloride test

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