Electronic Materials and Devices
(BECE201L)
Module 4
Dr. Prashanth Kumar
Associate Professor, SENSE
This makes sense because when the metal Fermi level moves downward (larger work
function), it is closer to the valence band → easier for holes, harder for electrons.
contact resistivity
At the metal–semiconductor interface, interface states trap charge carriers and "pin"
the Fermi level near a fixed energy within the bandgap of Si.