RAMJAS INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL

R. K. PURAM, NEW DELHI

Summer Vacation Assignments 2026-27

"Education is the passport to the future, for tomorrow belongs to those who prepare for it today." —
Malcolm X

Dear Students,
As the summer break begins it offers a valuable opportunity to pause, reflect, and recharge. However, for
students in Class XI and XII this period is also a critical bridge for academic consolidation. The transition
into senior secondary education requires a shift from rote learning to analytical application and self-
disciplined research.

The attached Summer Holiday Assignments have been meticulously designed to strengthen core concepts,
revisit foundational topics to ensure clarity before moving to advanced syllabus modules.

CLASS XII :

ACCOUNTANCY

Guidelines
Project 1: Analysis of Financial Statements using Accounting Ratios
Objective: To evaluate the liquidity, solvency, and profitability of a real-world entity.
Instructions for Students:
● Company Selection: Select any NSE/BSE listed company and download its Annual Report for
the latest two financial years.
● Data Extraction: Focus on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and Statement of Profit & Loss.
● Ratio Calculation: Compute at least two ratios from each of the following categories:
1. Liquidity Ratios (e.g., Current Ratio, Quick Ratio)
2. Solvency Ratios (e.g., Debt-to-Equity, Total Assets to Debt)
3. Activity/Turnover Ratios (e.g., Inventory Turnover, Trade Receivables Turnover)
4. Profitability Ratios (e.g., Gross Profit Ratio, Net Profit Ratio)
● Interpretation: Do not just provide numbers. Write a brief analysis (3–4 lines per ratio) explaining
whether the company’s performance has improved or declined compared to the previous year.
● Visual Representation: Use Bar Graphs or Pie Charts to show the trend of key ratios over the
two-year period.

Project 2: Preparation and Analysis of Cash Flow Statement

Objective: To understand the movement of cash and cash equivalents and assess the operating, investing,
and financing activities of a business.
Instructions for Students:
● Methodology: Using the financial data of your chosen company, prepare a Cash Flow Statement
following Accounting Standard-3 (Revised) using the Indirect Method.
● Segmented Analysis: Break down the analysis into three distinct sections:
● Operating Activities: Discuss why the net cash from operations differs from the Net Profit.
● Investing Activities: Identify major capital expenditures or sale of fixed assets/investments.
● Financing Activities: Note any new issuance of shares, repayment of loans, or dividend payments.
● Conclusion: Conclude whether the company is "Cash Rich" or "Cash Poor" and evaluate its ability
to meet future obligations based on its cash position.
Project Formatting Requirements
To ensure a professional presentation, your project should follow this sequence:
1. Title Page: Project Topic, Student Name, Roll No., and School Name.
2. Acknowledgement: Expressing gratitude to those who assisted.
3. Index: Clear page numbering for each section.
4. Introduction: Brief overview of the topic (What are Ratios? / Significance of Cash Flow).
5. Main Content: The data, calculations, and analysis.
6. Conclusion: Your final findings and observations.
7. Bibliography: Sources used (e.g., MoneyControl, Company Website).
Pro-Tip: Ensure all calculations are shown clearly. In Accountancy, the process is often just as important
as the final figure!

Project Guidelines: Segment Analysis (Accounting Standard-17)

Segment Analysis is a vital part of the Class XII Accountancy curriculum, focusing on how large diversified
companies report the performance of different components of their business.

Project Objective
The goal is to understand how a company identifies its reportable segments (either Business Segments or
Geographical Segments) and how it allocates revenue, results, and assets among them.

Step-by-Step Project Structure

1. Selection of the Entity
Choose a company that operates in multiple industries or diverse geographical locations.
● Examples: ITC Ltd. (Cigarettes, FMCG, Hotels, Agri-Business), Reliance Industries (O2C, Retail,
Digital Services), or Tata Motors (Commercial Vehicles, Passenger Vehicles, Jaguar Land Rover).
● To study whether the contribution of various segments of ____ with respect to (i) Revenue, and (ii)
Profit, is justified?
● To know as to which operation segment is performing best in terms of Net Profit and Return on
Investment.

Visual Representation
To make the project scannable and professional, include:
● Pie Charts: To show the Revenue share of each segment.
● Comparative Bar Graphs: To show the growth of profits in each segment over two years

⮚Do all Previous Year Questions from [Link] from P.E. 14 to 16 and P.E.26 to 64 in fair Note Book

CASH FLOW STATEMENT

1. Statement I:- Sale of Marketable Securities will result in no flow of Cash.
Statement II:- Debentures issued as collateral security will result in inflow of cash.
a) Both Statements are correct. b) Both Statements are
incorrect
c) Statement I is correct and d) Statement I is incorrect and
Statement II is incorrect Statement I is correct.

2. What will be the effect of issue of Bonus shares on Cash Flow Statement?
a) No effect b) Inflow in Financing Activity
c) Inflow in Operating activity d) Inflow in Investing Activity

3. Assertion (A): Purchase of Marketable Securities will be classified as cash outflow under investing
activities.
Reason (R): Marketable Securities are considered as Cash and Cash Equivalents; Hence, they do not affect
Cash flows.
In the context of the above two statements, which of the following is correct?
A. Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
B. Both (A) and (R) are correct bur (R) is not the correct reason of (A)
C. Only (R) is correct.
D. Both (A) and (R) are wrong.

4. Which of the following transactions is not shown under financing activity?

a) Repayment of Bank Loan b) Proceeds from issue of shares
c) Subscribed shares of other company d) Dividend paid

5. In cash flow statement issue of debentures for consideration other than cash is shown under which activity
a) Financing b) Investing & Financing c) Operating d) None of these
e)Not shown in any activity as no flow of cash is involved

6. Micro Ltd. is a financial enterprise paid an interim dividend of Rs.2,50,000 to its shareholders for the
year 2023-24.
For the purpose of preparing their Cash Flow Statement , under which category of activities the payment
of dividend will be classified by Micro Ltd.?
a. Operating activity
b. Investing activity
c. Financing activity
d. None of the above

7. Which of the following statements is correct?

a. Cash deposited into bank is an outflow of cash
b. Interest paid on debenture is shown under cash flows from Operating activities as out flow of cash.
c. Gain on sale of non-current asset is added to profit earned while calculating cash flows from
operating activities.
d. Increase in current liability is a source of cash

8. Statement I: Conversion of 60,000,8% Debentures of Rs100 each into equity shares of Rs. 10 each at
20% premium will not be considered in preparing Cash Flow Statement.
Statement II: conversion of debentures into equity shares is a non-cash transaction. Non cash transactions
do not affect Cash and Cash Equivalents.
a. Both the statements are true.
b. Both the statements are false.
c. Only Statement-I is true.
d. Only Statement-II is true.

9. A Company issued 20,000; 9% Debentures of Rs.100 each at 10% Discount. These debentures were to
be redeemed at 15% Premium at the end of 5 years. The balance in Securities Premium Account as on the
date of Issue was Rs.3,70,000.
How this transaction will be reflected in Cash Flow Statement?
A. Added Rs.1,30,000 under Operating Activities as Loss on Issue of Debentures written off and Inflow
of Rs. 20,00,000 under Financing Activities
B. Added Rs.5,00,000 under Operating Activities as Loss on Issue of Debentures written off and Inflow
of Rs.18,00,000 under Financing Activities.
C. Added Rs.1,30,000 under Operating Activities as Loss on Issue of Debentures written off and Inflow
of Rs.18,00,000 under Financing Activities.
D. Added Rs. 5,00,000 under Operating Activities as Loss on Issue of Debentures written off and Inflow
of Rs.20,00,000 under Financing Activities.

10. Aditya Sunrise Ltd. provides you the following information:

Particulars 31.3.2023(Rs.) 31.3.2022(Rs.)
10% Bank Loan Nil 1,00,000
Additional Information:
1. Equity Share Capital raised during the year Rs.3,00,000;
2. 10% Bank Loan was repaid on 01.04.2022.
3. Dividend received during the year was Rs.20,000.
4. Dividend Proposed for the year 2021-22 was Rs.50,000 but only Rs.20,000 was approved by the
Shareholders
Find out the cash flow from Financing Activities.

a) Rs. 1,50,000 b) Rs.2,00,000 c) Rs. 1,70,000 d) Rs. 1,80,000

11. From the following information, calculate Cash flow from Operating Activities.
Particulars 31 March 31 March
2023 2024
Surplus i.e Balance in Statement of Profit and Loss 6,00,000 5,00,000
Provision for Tax 1,00,000 1,20,000
Trade Receivables 2,00,000 2,40,000
Trade Payables 1,50,000 2,00,000
Goodwill 2,00,000 1,50,000

Additional Information:- Proposed Dividend for the year ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2024 was
Rs. 1,50,000 and Rs. 1,80,000 respectively.

12. From the following information calculate the Cash from Investing Activities:
Particulars 31 March 2023 31 March 2024
Machinery (Cost) 20,00,000 28,00,000
Accumulated Depreciation 4,00,000 6,50,000

Additional Information:-
(i) Machinery costing Rs. 50,000 (Book Value Rs. 40,000) was lost by fire and insurance claim of Rs.
32,000 was received.
(ii) Depreciation charged during the year was Rs. 3,50,000.
(iii)A part of Machinery costing Rs. 2,50,000 was sold at a loss of Rs. 20,000.

13. From the following information, calculate Cash flow from Operating Activities.
Particulars 31 March 2023 31 March 2024
Surplus i.e. Balance in Statement of Profit and Loss 75,000 60,000
Cash and Bank Balance 35,000 12,000
Inventory 3,00,000 2,30,000
Trade Receivables 2,00,000 2,40,000
Trade Payables 60,000 80,000
Prepaid Expenses 3,000 10,000
Goodwill 30,000 20,000
Provision for Tax 10,000 12,000
Additional Information: Proposed Dividend for the year ended March 31, 2023 and March 31,2024 was
23,000 and 20,000.
b) Calculate Cash Flow from Investing Activities from the following Particulars:
1st April 2023 31st March 2024
Plant and Machinery (Balance) 12,00,000 15,40,000
Additional Information:
(i) Depreciation Charged during the year Rs.2,20,000.
(ii) Plant & Machinery costing Rs.2,40,000 on which 90,000 had accumulated as depreciation was sold for
Rs.1,70,000
14. The following information is available for the manufacturing
Co. Superior Products Ltd Particulars Rs 2021-22 Rs 2020-21
Investments in land 16,00,000 6,00,000
10% long term investments 2,50,000 4,00,000
Machinery (at cost) 3,00,000 2,00,000
Goodwill 80,000 15,000
Additional Information:
A machine costing Rs.40,000 (depreciation provided thereon Rs.12,000) was sold for Rs.35,000.
Depreciation charged during the year was Rs.60,000.
Calculate Cash Flow of from Investing Activities
15. Niteesh initiated her start-up up Infotech Innovative Solutions Limited in 2021. Its profits are
increasing due to the innovations it brought in all fields like ticket vending machines, napkin vending
machines, digital podiums etc.
The following is information extracted from the Balance sheet of Infotech Innovative Solutions Limited for
the year ended 31st March 2024 and additional information provided.
You are required to calculate cash flows from operating activities and cash flows from financing activities
Equity and Liabilities 31.3.2023 31.32024
Equity share capital 20,00,000 30,00,000
10% preference share capital 2,00,000 1,00,000
Securities premium A/C - 95,000
Profit and loss balance 4,00,000 8,00,000
10% Debenture 10,00,000 10,00,000

Additional information:
1. Fresh equity shares were issued on 31st march 2024 at a premium of 10%
2. Interim dividend was paid on equity shares @8%
Preference shares were redeemed on 31st march 2024 at a premium of 5%. Premium on redemption was
charged against premium received on issue of equity shares.

BIOLOGY

1. Trace three generations of your family for three traits: Widows peak, Tongue Rolling, and Blood Group.
a) Construct a family pedigree chart.

b) Apply the Hardy-Weinberg Principle. Use the frequency of the recessive phenotype (q2 ) to calculate the
frequency of the dominant allele (p) and the carriers (2pq) within your sample population.

2. Draw and memorise well labelled diagrams of the following from NCERT in your assignment copy-
Figure 1.3 (a) Transverse section of a young anther; (b) Enlarged view of one microsporangium showing
wall layers; (c) A mature dehisced anther

Figure 1.8 (a) Parts of the ovule showing a large megaspore mother cell, a dyad and a tetrad of megaspores;
(b) 2, 4, and 8-nucleate stages of embryo sac and a mature embryo sac; (c) A diagrammatic representation
of the mature embryo sac.

Figure 1.13 (a) Fertilised embryo sac showing zygote and Primary Endosperm Nucleus (PEN); (b) Stages
in embryo development in a dicot [shown in reduced size as compared to (a)
Figure 1.14 (a) A typical dicot embryo; (b) L.S. of an embryo of grass

3. Finalise the topic and the design of the class XII board project. The project has to be investigatory /
survey based. The submission of the final project in black and white print will be due by 20th July.
The project report should be prepared in the following sequence- Cover page should include the title
of the Project, student information, school and year. Certificate Acknowledgement Index Project
Content Case study/Graphical interpretation Conclusion and Bibliography

4. Revise all chapters thoroughly. Complete the back exercise and worksheets in the notebook.

Chemistry
Students are required to complete the following work during the summer vacation. All work should be done
neatly and submitted as per the given instructions.

1. Revision (Theory & Practicals)

● Revise all the topics covered till the end of extra classes.
● Ensure thorough preparation of both:
o Theory concepts
o Practical experiments and related viva questions
o
2. NCERT Practice
● Solve all:
o Intext solved examples
o Back exercises
● From the following units:
o Solutions
o Electrochemistry
o Chemical Kinetics
(Work should be done systematically in your Chemistry notebook.)

3. Previous Year Questions (PYQs)

● Solve Previous Year Questions (CBSE Board) from the following units:
o Solutions
o Electrochemistry
o Chemical Kinetics
o
4. Individual Project Work (Investigatory Project + Model)
● Prepare an investigatory project or working model based on a Chemistry concept.
● The project must reflect:
o Scientific approach
o Data collection/observation
o Analysis and conclusion
Project File Must Include
● Title of the Project
● Aim
● Apparatus/Materials Required
● Principle/Theory
● Procedure/Method
● Observations & Calculations
● Result/Conclusion
● Applications of the Concept
● Bibliography
Suggested Investigatory Topics (Choose Any One)
● Analysis of Cough Syrup
● Comparative Study of Cold Drinks
● Preparation of Hand Sanitizer
● Preparation of Dyes
● Analysis of Vinegar Samples
● Estimation of Casein in Milk
● Preparation of Soya Milk & Comparison with Natural Milk
● Analysis of Chocolate
● Study of Oxalate Content in Guava at Different Ripening Stages
● Comparative Study of Fermentation (Apple Juice vs Carrot Juice)
● Study of Constituents of Alloys
● Analysis of Commercial Antacids (Neutralizing Capacity)
● Fingerprint Development Techniques
● Analysis of Honey (Minerals & Carbohydrates)
● Detection of Sugar in Sugar-Free Sweets
Important Instructions
● The project must be investigatory, not merely descriptive.
● Include observations, data, and proper calculations wherever applicable.
● A working model (if prepared) should clearly demonstrate the concept.
● Maintain originality and neat presentation.

Submission Guidelines
● All written work should be well-organized and properly labeled.
● Project file should be handwritten (unless instructed otherwise).
● Ensure timely submission after vacation.
●
BUSINESS STUDIES

Project files to be prepared by the students for board exams practical.

Specification for Project file to be prepared for board exams.
a) Individual Projects to be prepared.
b) Students are expected to conduct research work and show evidence for their research work in their Project
File
c) Data related to topics should be based on field work, textbooks and not be just taken from Google&
Wikipedia. Students are requested to read relevant books, journals, magazines, newspaper related to their
topics.
d) Length of the project-40 to 50 pages and it must be handwritten.
e) Submission date- 6.07.2024
Students are supposed to select one unit out of 4 and are required to make only ONE project from the
selected unit.(Consistofoneprojectof20marks)
a) Business Environment
b) Marketing
c) Principles of management
d) Stock Exchange

Details about the project can be foundi n the following link:-

[Link]
[Link]
e) And further discussion with the subject teacher.

CHAPTER 9 : FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT

TRADING ON EQUITY
1. The Return on Investment (ROI) of a company ranges between 10% - 12% for the past 3 years. To
finance in future fixed capital needs, it has the following option for borrowing debts.
Option A: Rate of Interest 9%
Option B: Rate of Interest 13%
With source of debts, Option A or Option B is better? Give reason in support of your answer. Also state the
concept used in taking the decision.

2. D limited is a company manufacturing textile. It has a share capital of Rs60 lakhs. In the previous
year, its earning per share was Rs [Link] diversification, the company requires an additional capital of Rs
40 lakhs. The company raise funds by issuing 10% debentures for the same. During the year, the company
earned a profit of ₹8,00,000 on the capital employed. It paid tax @40%.
State whether the shareholders gained or lost, in respect of earning per share on diversification. Show your
calculations clearly.

3. Wellbeing limited is a company engaged in production of organic foods. Presently it sells its product
through indirect channels of distribution. But, considering the sudden surge in the demand for Organic
products, the company is now inclined to start its online portal for direct [Link] financial managers
of the company are planning to use debt in order to take advantage of trading on equity. In order to finance
its expansion plans, it is planning to raise a debt capital of Rs 40 Lakhs through a loan @ 10% from an
Industrial Bank. The present capital base of the company comprises of Rs 9lakh equity shares of Rs
[Link] rate of tax is 30%.
In context of the above case
a. What are the two conditions necessary for taking advantage of trading on equity
b. Assuming the expected rate of return on investment to be same as it was for the current year i.e.
15%, do you think the financial managers will be able to meet their goal. Show your workings clearly.

Q1) When is financial leverage considered favourable?

Q2) Why does financial risk arise?
Q3)What is the primary objectives of financial management?
Q4)Every manager has to take three major decisions while performing the finance function. Explain them.
Q5) A capital budgeting decisions is capable of changing the financial fortune of a business. Do you agree?
Why or why not?
Q6) Are the share holders of a company likely to gain with a debt component in the capital employed ?
Explain with the help of an example?
Q7) State whether the working capital requirements of business manufacturing the following items are big
or small. Justify your statement.
(a) Coolers (c) Sugar (b)bread (d) Locomotives
(e) Furniture manufacturing against orders.
Q8) What do you mean by floatation cost?
Q9) “ A decision to acquire a new and modern plant to upgrade an old one”. Identify the aspect of financial
decision.
Q10). Tata International Ltd. earned a net profit of Rs. 50 crores. Ankit the finance manager of Tata
International Ltd. wants to decide how to appropriate these profits. Identify the decision that Ankit will
have to take and also discuss any five factors which help him in taking this decision.
Q.11. Shalini, after acquiring a degree in Hotel Management and Business administration took over her
family food processing company of manufacturing pickles, jams and squashes. The business was
established by her great grandmother and was doing reasonably well. However the fixed operating costs of
the business were high and the cash flow position was weak. She wanted to undertake modernization of the
existing business to introduce the latest manufacturing processes and diversify into the market of chocolates
and candies. She was very enthusiastic and approached a finance consultant, who told her that
approximately Rs. 50 lakh would be required for undertaking the modernization and expansion programme.
He also informed her that her stock market was going through a bullish phase.
1. Keeping the above considerations in mind, name the source of finance Shalini should not choose for
financing the modernization and expansion of her food processing business. Give three reasons in support
of your answer.
2. Explain any two other factors, apart from those stated in the above situation, which Shalini should keep
in mind while taking this decision.

Q.12 Sarah Ltd. is a company manufacturing cotton yarn. It has been consistently earning good profits for
many years. This year too, it has been able to generate enough profits. There is availability of enough cash
in the company and good prospects for growth in future. It is a well managed organization and believes in
quality, equal employment opportunities and good remuneration practices. It has many shareholders who
prefer to receive a regular income from their investments. It has taken a loan of Rs. 40 lakhs from IDBI and
is bound by certain restrictions on the payment of dividend according to the terms of loan agreement.
The above discussion about the company leads to various factors which decide how much of the profits
should be retained and how much has to be distributed by the company.
Quoting the lines from the above discussion identify and explain and four such factors.

Q.13 Shubh Ltd. is manufacturing steel at its plant in India. It is enjoying a buoyant demand for its products
as economic growth is about 7%-8% and the demand for steel is growing. The company has decided to set
up a new steel plant to cash on the increased demand. It is estimated that it will require about Rs. 2000 crore
to set up and about Rs. 500 crore of working capital to start the new plant.
1. State the objective of financial management for this company.
2. Identify and state the decision taken by the finance manager in the above case.
3. State any two common factors affecting the fixed and working capital requirements of Shubh Ltd.

Q.14 A company’s earnings before interest and tax is Rs. 7 lac. It pays 10% interest on its debt. Total
investment of company is Rs. 50 lac.
1. Advise company whenever it should include debt or equity to raise its capital.
2. Name the concept related to this.
3. Will be company’s decision to raise funds from debt or equity will change if company’s EBIT becomes
3 lac.

Q. 15 Storage Solution Ltd. is a large warehousing network company operating through a chain of
warehouses at 40 different locations across India. The company now intends to undertake computerization
of its owned ware houses as it seeks to provide better value added and cost effective solutions for scientific
storage and preservation services to the market participants dealing in agricultural products including
farmers, traders, etc.
In context of the above case:
How is the decision to undertake computerization of owned warehouses likely to affect the fixed capital
requirements of its business?

Computer Science
1.
Write a thorough project report on "Computer Networks Concepts" that includes appropriate examples and
illustrations (suitable diagrams). (minimum 20 pages).

2.
Write all of the questions related to "Computer Networks Concepts" from the previous four years' CBSE
Board question papers, from 2026 to 2023, along with the answers.

ECONOMICS

A. PROJECT Work

Topic can be chosen from any area related to economics preferably from Indian Economy. This project will
be submitted for Class XII board exam practical examination.
The expectations of the project work are that:
learners will complete only ONE project in each academic session project should be of 3,500-4,000 words
(excluding diagrams & graphs), preferably hand-written it will be an independent, self-directed piece of
study
Scope of the project:
Learners may work upon the following lines as a suggested flow chart:
Choose a title/topic Collection of the research material/data
Organization of material/data Present material/data
Analysing the material/data for conclusion
Draw the relevant conclusion Presentation of the Project Work.
Sequence to be followed:

Abstract with key words 1 page

Introduction 12-15 pages
Hypothesis
Ho: Null hypothesis predicts no relationship or difference between variables
H1: Alternative hypothesis predicts a significant relationship or difference between variables.
Research Methodology: Which method you will use [Link], correlation etc.
Which data primary or secondary.
Case Study: Explanation
Data presentation: Tabular and Diagrammatic bar diagram,pie chart ,time series graph to be made original
not to be pasted.
Data Analysis
Conclusion
Limitations of study
Bibliography

B. INTERNSHIP

All students must try to enrol themselves for an internship which will engage them productively during the
summer holidays. The internship can be done in any corporate office/ shop/NGO which will allow the
student to observe the management and financial
aspects of the organisation

English Core

1. "The Vanishing Frontier" – Environmental Essay

• Text Reference: Journey to the End of the Earth by

Tishani Doshi
Task: In light of Tishani Doshi’s travelogue, discuss how Antarctica
serves as a "warning bell" for the planet's future. Write an analytical essay
(1500–2000 words) supporting your views with scientific data, literary
references, and current climate trends. Suggested Structure:
a) Introduction: Define the "Students on Ice" programme and the
significance of studying the Earth’s past to understand its future.
b) Connection to the Text: Briefly summarize the author’s journey.
Explain the metaphor of the "microscopic phytoplanktons" and
how small changes in the environment have massive
repercussions.
c) Historical & Scientific Context: Discuss the impact of the
Industrial Revolution on carbon levels. Mention the "Global Warming" milestones of the last
decade.
d) Examples from Literature & Media: Reference works like Amitav Ghosh’s The Great Derangement
or documentaries like Our Planet to highlight the climate crisis.
 e) Personal Responsibility: Share a personal anecdote about a change in your local climate (e.g., erratic
monsoons or rising heatwaves).
f) Conclusion: Reaffirm the urgency of "thinking globally and acting locally".

2. "Escapism vs. Reality" – A Two-Minute Podcast

• Text Reference: The Third Level by Jack Finney

Task: Prepare a two-minute podcast on the theme of "Modern Life as a Stress-Inducing Machine," using
Charley’s discovery of the 1894 Grand Central Station as your base.

• Suggested Podcast Structure:

a) Introduction (30 Seconds): Define

"Escapism". Briefly introduce
Charley and his desire to flee from "war, worry, and insecurity".
b) Main Body (1 Minute): Discuss how the "Third Level" is a product of Charley's subconscious mind.
Mention the role of hobbies (like stamp collecting) as a "temporary refuge from reality".
c) Conclusion (30 Seconds): Give your opinion: Is dreaming of a "simpler past" a healthy coping
mechanism or a dangerous delusion?
3. Job Application & Resume Writing (Real-Life Task)

• Background: In the chapter Lost Spring, Anees Jung highlights the lack of opportunities for
children in Firozabad and Seemapuri.
• Task: Imagine you are a volunteer for a Non-Profit Organization (NGO) called "Udaan
Foundation" that works to provide vocational training to youth in Firozabad.
• The Situation: The NGO has advertised a requirement for a "Youth Mentor & Literacy
Coordinator." You are interested in this role to help provide a "Spring" to those who have lost
it.
Draft a Formal Letter of application in about 120 – 150 words addressed to the Director of Udaan
Foundation, New Delhi. Prepare a detailed Resume (Bio-Data) including your educational qualifications,
relevant skills (like empathy, communication, and social work experience), and two references

4. The "Eco-Reviewer" Blog Post

• The Task: Pick one "Green" habit to try for just 3 days (e.g., using a bucket instead of a shower, or
carrying a cloth bag everywhere).

• The Writing: Write a short Blog Post in about 120-150 words, titled "My 3Day Green Experiment”
sharing details of whether it was easy or difficult?
Was it annoying or pleasant change? Would you do it again- Why/ Why not?

• Art Integration: Design a "Logo" or an "Icon" for your blog that represents sustainability.

Sanchita – 2026
Theme: Mind and Heart
Tagline: Building Intelligence with Empathy
Sub Themes: Mental Health Awareness, Stress and Resilience

Topics:
• The Weight of Expectations
• Stronger Than Yesterday
• Silent Battles
• The Light After Darkness
• Voices in My Mind
• Resilience
• A Heart That Heals
• Not Alone
• When the Mind Speaks
• The Courage to Begin Again
• Mental Health Awareness Among Teenagers
• Coping with Academic Stress
• The Pressure to Succeed
• Building Resilience in Challenging Times
• Why It Is Okay to Ask for Help
Represent the topics through:
1. Drawing - painting, sketching, caricature, doodling and other suitable mediums
2. Written Word: Article, story, one - act play, quiz, slogans, comic strips, letters, connection
with pen pals, to name a few.
The Impact of Social Media on Mental Health
• Stress Management Techniques for Students
• Breaking the Stigma Around Mental Health
• Balancing Studies, Hobbies and Relationships
• The Importance of Self-Care
• Peer Pressure and Emotional Wellbeing
How Schools Can Support Student Mental Health

Informatics Practices
1.
Write a thorough project report on "Computer Networks Concepts" that includes appropriate examples and
illustrations (suitable diagrams). (minimum 20 pages).

2.
Write all of the questions related to "Computer Networks Concepts" from the previous four years' CBSE
Board question papers, from 2026 to 2023, along with the answers.

Mathematics
– at the end of this document

PAINTING

Prepare a portfolio with 15 artworks –

7 Still life paintings in poster color
6 Compositions with atleast 2 human figures in color
2 landscape drawings

Sheet size- half imperial cartridge sheets

Medium- Poster colour for Still life and composition

Physical Education

Students please prepare a practical file for physical education.

There will be 3 topics.
Topic no 1
Yoga
1. Write names of all lifestyle diseases.
2. Write 2 Asanas for each disease.
3. Please make proper labelled diagram for each Asana with procedure, benefits and contraindications.
4. Make sure you have paste pics related to each diagram.
 Physics

1. Revise all the chapters done in the class and complete the assignment : 3-Current
Electricity and 4-Magnetic effects of current
2. Movie to watch-
● Gifted Hands: The Ben Carson Story(2009) is a biographical movie based on
Dr. Ben Carson, a renowned neurosurgeon who overcomes a poverty-stricken,
challenging childhood in Detroit to become the Director of Pediatric Neurosurgery
at Johns Hopkins Hospital. The film highlights his career, focusing on his
groundbreaking 1987 surgery to separate conjoined twins.
● Mission Mangal: Loosely based on the life of scientists at the Indian Space
Research Organisation who contributed to India's first interplanetary expedition
Mars Orbiter Mission.

3. INDIVIDUAL PROJECT WORK: - Prepare working model or a project of Investigatory

nature. Also prepare its project file explaining the Aim, Apparatus Used, Principle,
Observation& Calculation, Conclusion, other Applications of the concept used and
Bibliography.
Suggested Topics
● Static Charge: -
1. calculating charge-Styrofoam balls

● Current electricity: -
1. Efficiency of bulbs
2. Factors affecting resistance
3. Factors affecting the internal resistance of cell
4. Factors affecting the E.M.F of a cell
5. Thermoelectric effects of current
6. Function and usage of photo resistor

● Magnetic effects of current & magnetism

1. Curie Law-Verification
2. Magnetic field of earth-null point
3. Transformer- efficiency & losses
4. Eddy currents-minimization
5. EMI- dynamo etc.
6. Tangent galvanometer
7. Electromagnets

● Optics
1. Refractive index of liquid-hollow prism, liquid lens, hollow glass slab.
2. Microscope/Telescope-magnification
3. Laser light experiment
4. Diffraction-finding λ
5. Mirror & lenses-combination & special effects
6. Polarization of light

● Semiconductor devices
1. Transistor functioning
2. Any electronic circuit
3. Transistor as switch
4. Logic gates

Political Science
Project 1: The "Cold War" Podcast / Interview
Contemporary World Politics (The End of Bipolarity)
The Task: Imagine you are a journalist in 1991. You are interviewing someone who lived through the fall
of the Berlin Wall or the USSR's collapse.
The Deliverable: A 5-minute Podcast Episode or a Scripted Interview.
The Angle: Focus on the "Shock Therapy" phase. How did life change overnight when moving from a
command economy to capitalism?
Creative Twist: Include "ads" in your podcast for 1990s products to make it feel authentic.

Project 2: The "Coalition Era" Board Game

Politics in India since Independence (Recent Developments in Indian Politics)
The Task: Create a board game called "The Race to 272."
The Deliverable: A physical or digital game board.
Mechanics: Players represent different political parties. They must navigate "chance cards" like “No-
Confidence Motion Passed” (move back 3 spaces) or “Support from Regional Party” (move forward 5
spaces).
Goal: To understand how coalition governments (like the NDA and UPA) are formed and why they can be
unstable.

Project 3: The "Election Data" Detective

Parties and the Party Systems in India
The Task: Analyze the results of the 2024 General Elections (or the most recent State Assembly election).
The Deliverable: A Visual Infographic (using Canva or hand-drawn).
Compare the performance of National Parties vs. Regional Parties.
Highlight one "Giant Killer" (a small candidate who defeated a famous leader).
Identify the "Vote Share" vs. "Seat Share" discrepancy—did a party get a lot of votes but very few seats?
Project 4: The "Emergency" Newspaper
The Crisis of Democratic Order
The Task: Create the front page of a newspaper dated June 26, 1975 (the day after the Emergency was
declared).
The Deliverable: A Vintage-style Newspaper Front Page.
The Catch: One half of the page should be "Censored" (blank white space) to show the reality of press
censorship during that time.
Include a "Letter to the Editor" from a citizen expressing their fear or support for the move.
Project 5: The "Global Citizen" Resolution
International Organizations / Globalisation
The Task: You are India’s representative at the United Nations Security Council (UNSC).
The Deliverable: A 2-minute Video Speech (Formal attire encouraged!).
Argue why India deserves a Permanent Seat in the UNSC.
Address the current global challenges (like climate change or regional conflicts) and how India’s presence
would help.
(Enjoy your research, you can also create a group of maximum 3 students for this purpose. Please note, that
the portfolio needs to be done neatly on A4 size non colored papers in a paper fo!lder and to be submitted
individually!)

PSYCHOLOGY
Task I: As a CBSE mandate, you are required to build upon the case profile of your subject.
For your case profile, after checking that the subject fits the previously mentioned criteria, collect the
following information -
1. Subject details -
A) Preliminary information-
Name, age, sex , address etc
B) Physical self -
Height, weight, hair, complexion etc. ( you can elaborate upon other sub headings the way you wish )
2. Family history -
Immediate family -
Name, age, qualifications and profession of each member.
Paternal family-
Name of each member, along with age, qualifications and profession
Eg-
Grandfather
Mr. Trilok Nath
67 years
Graduate
Retired as chief administrative officer
This has to be done for each member
Maternal family - same as above
3. Birth history -
DOB, mother's pregnancy journey, any complications , birth weight of baby etc.
Take this information from mother.
4. Childhood history- ( age 2 to 11 years)
Memorable experiences , saddening experiences , challenges , how did you overcome them etc
4. Adolescent history- 11 years till 17 years )
Elaborate upon all four headings above.
5. Adult history- in case your subject is above 18
Elaborate upon all 4 headings as above.
6. Relationships
Relation with father, mother, sibling, grandparents, friends etc .
Each heading has to be elaborated upon separately
7. Career aspirations
8. Methodology used -
A) observation
B) interview
C ) Psychological testing
Two pages of writeup on the above three methods.
Each above stated topic has to be extensively elaborated upon.
The above should at least be 50 pages.
Paste pictures from the subject' life, however, blur his/her face.

Task II: Revise the following units:

A) Variations in Psychological attributes
B) Self and Personality

Task III: Homework assignment

Do complete the assignments from chapter 1 and 2 in Homework register.
All the above three tasks must be finished during the summer vacations and submitted on July 1, 2026.

SOCIOLOGY

Students to make a project on any social issue following the given guidelines

GUIDELINE FOR SOCIOLOGY PROJECT

PROJECT CARRIES A WEIGHTAGE OF 20 MARKS

IMPORTANT TIPS –

• Keep the class XI sociology book for reference in class XII. You will have to refer chapter 5 of
Book 1 for research methods
• Ensure that your project has a heading and content under all the headings which are mentioned
above. You might get few marks more or few marks less depending on your content inside but you
still would be assured of reasonably good marks as you would be fulfilling the criteria laid down by
CBSE.

SEQUENCE OF PROJECT PRESENTATION/FILE BINDING –

❖ Cover page - with project name, year

❖ First page should be kept blank as the certificate of completion issued by the teacher would be pasted
here.
❖ Acknowledgement
❖ Hypothesis
❖ Introduction
❖ Causes
❖ Consequences
❖ Case study
❖ Methodology
❖ Implementation
❖ Presentation of evidence
❖ Survey (at least of 75 respondent)
❖ Analysis and Interpretation
❖ Evaluation
❖ Conclusion
❖ Limitation of the study,
❖ Bibliography

HOW TO START A PROJECT –

STEP – 1
➢ You can choose your own topic or pick up a board topic to build your project
➢ You have to get the topic approved by the teacher concern
➢ Choose the topic once you find sufficient matter available on the that topic. Sometimes topic seems
interesting but you end up not getting matter on that. So once the topic is decided then your work
starts STEP – 2
➢ Look out for surveys, research, essays written on your topic. You can look for all these in net
➢ Try to get thorough understanding of the topic by reading them. This would help you to formulate
your hypothesis, technique of doing the project and in fact even conclusion to some extent ➢ The
simplest technique would be to do survey method
STEP – 3 (HYPOTHESIS)
➢ Try to form Hypothesis in the form of a question
➢ Hypothesis is your assumption/reason for a certain problem
 ➢ For example – Is Nuclear family a reason for increase role of video games in child’s life?
OR Are video games the reason for decreased social networking amongst the children? STEP – 4
(INTRODUCTION)
➢ Next is writing introduction. This should contain all those matters which relates to your
hypothesis.
➢ It can be of 2 to 3 pages
➢ This may also include causes and consequences of the project
STEP – 5 (METHODOLOGY)
➢ In methodology you will have to write the way you plan to do your project ➢ In can be a case study
method, survey method, secondary data etc.
➢ Easiest method is to conduct a survey
STEP – 6 (SURVEY)
➢ Survey should be done of at least 75 people.
STEP – 7 (RATIONALE & METHODOLOGY)
➢ In this you have to give reason for selecting/ choosing a particular method.
➢ Like in survey method you can write that it is easier to get the opinion of many people at a time, it
is fastest method of collecting data.
➢ It is also most structured way of getting data.
STEPS – 8 (IMPLEMENTATION)
➢ Steps of Implementation – In this you have to write how you went about in the conduction of the
project.
➢ It would start with collection of data related to the subject, reading of the data, analysing the
problem, framing the hypothesis, framing the questionnaire, conduction of sample survey ( at least
of 75 people), restructuring of questionnaire after sample survey and making required correction,
doing proper survey of your sample size – which can be approximately 75 people. ➢ This will be
followed by analysis and interpretation.
STEP – 9 (PRESENTATION OF EVIDENCE)
➢ Here you need to attach your sample questionnaire
➢ Which will be followed by the filled 75 questionnaire which should be filled by the respondent in
their own hand writing
STEP – 10 (ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION)
➢ Now you need to tabulate all the answers
➢ This may be accompanied by pie chart or bar graphs. Responses have to be written in words below
the table.
STEP – 11 (EVALUATION)
➢ You need to analyse every question one by one. Make a tally, then graphical representation and then
explain each one of them STEP – 12 (CONCLUSION)
➢ Here you would try to give what you think the respondents are trying to say and whether it agrees
with the hypotheses which were framed by you or not. It would be your correlation of the responses
with the impact of the problem.
STEP – 13 – (LIMITATION of the study)
➢ In this you will write the difficulties faced by you in conduction of the study.
➢ Eg – while doing survey many people misplaced or lost the survey forms, or didn’t take it seriously
etc.
STEP – 14 – (BIBLOGRAPHY)
➢ Here you would write the names of all the books, web sites referred by you in conduction of the
project
Music
CLASS XI
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-

ACCOUNTANCY
Play the game related to “Accounting Terms”with your name.
[Link]
Prepare any one project out of the given list below: -
1. Comparison of different accounting standards (e.g., GAAP, IFRS)
2. Impact of AIon business operations:-Explore how artificial intelligence is being used in commerce, such
as in customer service chatbots, predictive analytics for sales forecasting, and personalized
recommendations for e-commerce platforms.
3. Giving Subsidies and Reservation are a form of Bribery.
4. Consumer exploitation in India: -

What are the different type of problems faced by consumers in India? Give at least 10 examples in detail.
5. Safety in Online Shopping: -

Explain various precautions to be taken in online transactions, clearly mentioning the ways the online frauds
are committed to cheat the customers.
6. Financial Literacy:-

Visit RBI’s official website and compile a collectionof information like, different coins and currency notes
in circulation, special edition coins and currency notes, identification of fake currency notes, banks accounts
and banking transactions etc.
7. Business Ideas:-

With a particular financial limit e.g.10 lakh, 20 lakh etc. how would you start a small venture to earn money?
Compile a list of at least 3 ideas with brief description of each such idea.
8. Cryptocurrency and Block chain Technology: Analyze the emergence of cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin
and the underlying block chain technology, discussing their potential impacts on traditional finance and
commerce.

[Link],goodsor assets invested by the proprietor in the business for earning profitis called-
(a) Profit
(b) Capital
(c) Fixedassets
(d) None of these

[Link] Debtors and Creditors of the company

[Link] examples, explain each of the following accounting terms:
● Fixed assets
● Revenue
● Expenses
● Short-term liability
● Capital

Question4. Define revenues and expenses..

Question5. Differentiate between profit and gain.
Question6. Fill in the blanks
● The document certifying the purchase or sale of goods or any monetary transaction is called…………….
● The things or properties which help in the smooth functioning of the business and which are owned by
the business are called________of the business.
● The unsold goods left at the end of the year are called……………..
Represents the excess of assets over liabilities.
Practice the questions from [Link] for Chapter 5; Accounting Equation

BIOLOGY

1. Research in-depth on any two branches of your interest in biology. Report should include what the
field entails, scope, the names of universities and colleges in which available and how to pursue further
studies in the same.

2. Finalize one investigatory project idea. Prepare google link for the questionnaire. Discuss the idea
when school re-opens. The submission of the final project black and white print will be due in half yearly
exam.

3. The Bioethics Debate: CRISPR & Gene Editing

Research a case study on CRISPR-Cas9 technology (e.g., treating Sickle Cell Anemia).
Competency: Write a 500-word "Position Paper." Argue both the therapeutic benefits and the ethical
concerns regarding "germline editing."

4. Revise and complete the chapters, back exercise and assignments of chapters completed.

Business Studies
General instructions:
i. The assignment is divided into two parts.
ii. Part A contains a set of questions to be attempted in the business studies class register.
iii. Part B has to be done in a project file.

PART A

1. Classify the following into economic and non-economic activities:

a) Smita cooks food for her family.
b) A person selling cold drinks on the railway station.
c) A student praying in a temple for good marks in the test.
d) A doctor treating patients at his clinic.
e) An old lady attending a ‘Satsung’.
f) A person teaching his daughter for her Board Exams.
2. Give examples of various types of industries. (three each).
3. Identify the services detailed below:
(a) The service which helps in removing hindrance of knowledge.
(b) The service which helps in removing hindrance of exchange.
(c) The service which helps in removing hindrance of place.
(d) The service which helps in removing hindrance of time.
(e) The service which helps in removing hindrance of risk.
5. ‘Risk in an inherent element of a business’. Do you agree? Give reasons.
6. Which type of business risk involves both the possibility of gain as well as the possibility of loss?
7. Differentiate between Business and Profession.
8. “Profit is an essential objective of business due to certain reasons”. Comment.
9. Differentiate between Economic and Non-Economic Activities.
10. “Is Profit maximization the sole objective of a business.” Comment.

PART B

11. Select a Consumer durable public limited company of your choice and collect the following information
regarding that company :
a) Brief history
b) Mission statement
c) Names of its top level officials.
d) Details of the products manufactured and marketed
e) Brand name, brand mark and standardization mark adopted by the company.
f) Market standing
g) Types of sales promotional techniques used. (paste the advertisements given in the newspapers/
magazines)
h) Labelling of its products. (paste the labels of its various products)
i) Innovations made by the company and future plans
j) Kinds of risks faced by the company
k) Comment on the social responsibility pursued by that company.
l) Type of organizational structure followed
r) Customer support services provided by the company

Part C INTERNSHIP

All students must try to enroll themselves for an internship which will engage them
productively during the summer holidays. The internship can be done in any corporate
office/ shop/NGO which will allow the student to observe the management and financial
aspects of the organization.

Chemistry

1. Revise each unit being taught in the class and do the given assignments in register.
2. In a separate thin register do NCERT back exercise of Unit I and II content covered before summer break.
3. In the same register do any 15 numericals each based on unit I and II. (total 30 numerical) from any
reference book.
4. Prepare a working model based on any chemistry concept and submit a brief report along with it on an
A4 sheet.
5. Read the Unit 3- Classification of Elements and Periodicity in properties and make notes.
6. Read all the SDG goals by UN and prepare a short PowerPoint presentation in the best illustrative and
creative manner (maximum 10 slides)

Computer Science
Make detailed project report on the following topics with suitable diagrams and examples
1. Computer System Organization
2. Emerging Trends
3. Number System
4. Boolean Algebra including logic circuit diagram

ECONOMICS

PROJECT WORK
Students are required to undertake one project based on consumer behaviour and everyday buying habits
in India. Choose any one topic from the list below:
1. What do people prefer more – online shopping or offline shopping?
2. How do advertisements affect what people buy?
3. What do teenagers spend most of their money on?
4. Do discounts and sales really attract customers?
5. What factors do people consider before buying a product? (price, brand, quality, etc.)
6. Do people prefer branded products or local products?
7. How do festivals affect people’s spending?
8. What are the saving habits of students?
9. Do people check quality, labels, or expiry dates before buying?
10. What type of mobile phones do people prefer and why?
11. What influences people more – price or brand name?
 12. What kind of clothes do people prefer for daily use?
13. Do people stick to one brand or try different brands?
14. How does pocket money affect spending habits of students?
15. What kind of food do people prefer – homemade or outside food?

PROJECT GUIDELINES
1. The project must be based on a survey using a questionnaire (minimum 10 questions).
2. The total length should be 20 pages (minimum).
3. The project should include 3,500–4,000 words (excluding graphs/diagrams).
4. It should be handwritten and reflect original work.
5. Include data analysis using bar graphs, pie charts, etc.

FORMAT / SEQUENCE
1. Title Page
2. Introduction
3. Executive Summary
4. Spreadsheet/Data Table (collected responses)
5. Questionnaire
6. Data Analysis (graphs, charts, interpretation)
7. Conclusion

PROJECT EXPECTATIONS
1. The work should be independent and self-directed.
2. Students must:
o Select a topic
o Collect relevant data
o Organize and present findings
o Analyse the data
o Draw meaningful conclusions

INTERNSHIP (Highly Recommended)

Students are encouraged to take up a short-term internship during the summer holidays.
This may be in:
● Corporate offices
● Local businesses/shops
● NGOs
The aim is to gain practical exposure to:
● Management practices
● Financial operations
● Real-world economic activities

REVISION FOR UT1-

Students should revise all the chapters covered in class for Unit Test 1 (UT–1). Focus on understanding key
concepts, important terms, and practice questions to prepare well for the test.

English

Integrated Project Work

*Part A: Mandatory Tasks (To be completed by all students)*

1. Creative Expression Task (Choose any ONE format)

Create an original piece on a relevant social issue (such as environmental conservation, mental health,
gender equality, digital addiction, etc.) in any one of the following formats:

* Podcast
* Vlog
* Documentary Script
* Stand-up Comedy Act
* Short Commercial / Advertisement

Guidelines:

* Duration: 3–5 minutes (if recorded) or 400–500 words (if written)

* Ensure clarity of message, creativity and audience engagement
* Include a strong opening, impactful content and a meaningful conclusion

2. Film Study & Analysis (Choose any ONE film)

* A Beautiful Mind (2001)

* The Blind Side (2009)
* The Social Network (2010)
* Life of Pi (2012)
* The Theory of Everything (2014)
* A Plastic Ocean (2016)

Prepare a well-organized report including:

i) Introduction

* Brief overview (year, genre, director, theme)

ii) Plot Construction

* Summary with key events and turning points

iii) Characters

* Analysis of major characters and their development

iv) Objective / Message

* Core theme or moral

v) Critical Appreciation / Review

* Personal response, strengths, weaknesses, overall evaluation

3. Poster Designing

Design an attractive and a meaningful poster on the theme:

“Diversity and Secularism”

Guidelines:

* Use creative visuals, colors and symbols

* Add a powerful slogan promoting peace, unity and harmony
* Ensure neatness, originality and clarity of message

*Part B: Choice-Based Task (Choose ANY ONE)*

Option 1: Debate Writing (120–150 words)

Motion: “Media – A Pillar of Democracy” (For or Against)

Guidelines:

* Begin with a formal address

* Present clear arguments with supporting points
* Maintain a persuasive tone
* Conclude effectively

Option 2: Speech Writing (120–150 words)

Topic: “The Importance of Grandparents in a Family”

(Reference: The Portrait of a Lady)

Guidelines:

* Use a formal and an engaging tone

* Include emotional and value-based reflections
* Highlight the role of grandparents in shaping values and traditions
* End with a thoughtful conclusion

*Integration with Sanchita Magazine Theme*

Students may also choose to align their Debate or Speech with any of the following topics from the Sanchita
Magazine theme:

Theme: “Mind and Heart: Building Intelligence with Empathy”

Suggested Topics:

* Navigating Identity in a Changing World

* The Art of Letting Go
* Beyond Marks: Redefining Success
* The Power of Positive Thinking
* Inner Strength in Times of Uncertainty
* Understanding Emotional Intelligence
* Healing Through Expression
* Finding Support in Friendships
* Listening to Your Inner Voice
* Embracing New Beginnings
* Youth Mental Health in the Digital Age
* Managing Expectations in Senior School
* The Race for Perfection
* Developing Grit and Perseverance
* Speaking Up: The Strength in Seeking Help
* Social Media: Connection or Comparison?
* Mindfulness and Its Role in Student Life
* Creating Safe Spaces for Conversations
* Striking a Balance in a Competitive World
* Nurturing Yourself in Busy Times
* Peer Influence: Making Wise Choices
* The Role of Educators in Student Wellbeing

*Submission Guidelines*

* Compile all tasks neatly in a project file

* Use proper headings and subheadings
* Maintain neat handwriting or a well-typed format
* Include a cover page and index

Informatics Practices

Make detailed project report on the following topics with suitable diagrams and examples
1. Computer System Organization
2. Emerging Trends
2. Number System

Legal Studies

Project 1: The "Legal Time Traveler" (Scrapbook)

Unit 1: Theory and Concepts of Law
Instead of a dry essay on the history of law, students will track how "Justice" has changed.
The Task: Find three historical methods of settling disputes: One from the Ancient period
(Dharmashastras), one from the Medieval period (Muftis/Qazis), and one from the British period
(Mayor’s Courts).
The Deliverable: A "Then vs. Now" Comparison Chart.
o Creative Element: Draw or paste an image of a "Seal" or "Gavel" that would have been used
in each era.
o The Hook: Explain one law from the past that would be considered "illegal" or
"unconstitutional" today.

Project 2: The "Classification" Scavenger Hunt

Unit 2: Forms and Classification of Law
The Task: Students must find real-world examples of different branches of law in their daily lives.
The Deliverable: A 5-slide Digital Presentation or a Physical Poster titled "Law in my
Neighborhood."
1. Public Law: A photo of a government notice or a traffic sign.
2. Private Law: A photo of a rent agreement or a grocery bill (Contract).
3. Criminal Law: A newspaper cutting of a "Cognizable Offense."
4. Civil Law: A news snippet regarding a property or family dispute.

Project 3: "Be the Judge" (Case Study)

Unit 3: Sources of Law (Precedents & Customs)
The Task: You are a judge in a Small Claims Court. A neighbor’s tree has fallen into another
neighbor’s garden, but there is no specific written law about who cleans it up.
The Deliverable: Write a "Judicial Opinion" (1 page).
o Custom: Use a "Local Custom" to solve it (e.g., "In this colony, we always help each other").
o Precedent: Create a "New Rule" that all future neighbors must follow.

Project 4: The "Courtroom Architect" (Model/Diagram)

Unit 4: Institutions of the Legal System
The Task: Research the physical layout of a District Court vs. the Supreme Court of India.
 The Deliverable: Create a labeled 3D Model (using recycled materials) or a detailed Floor Plan.
o Must Include: The Judge’s Bench, the Witness Box (Katghara), the Bar (where lawyers sit),
and the Public Gallery.
o The Twist: Write a brief note on why the Judge sits at a higher level than everyone else (The
concept of Judicial Majesty).

Project 5: The "Local Governance" Vlog

Unit 4: Panchayati Raj and Municipalities
The Task: Identify your local Municipal Ward or Panchayat.
The Deliverable: A 2-minute "Field Report" video.
o Who is the current Ward Councilor or Sarpanch?
o Identify one "Public Utility" they manage (e.g., the local park, street lights, or waste
collection).
o Suggest one "By-law" (a local rule) that would improve your area.

(Enjoy your research, you can also create a group of maximum 3 students for this purpose. Please note, that
the portfolio needs to be done neatly on A4 size non colored papers in a paper folder and to be submitted
individually!)

Maths

- at the end of this document

Physical Education

Students please prepare a practical file for physical education.

There will be 3 topics.
Topic no 1
Yoga
1. Write names of all lifestyle diseases.
2. Write 2 Asanas for each disease.
3. Please make proper labelled diagram for each Asana with procedure, benefits and contraindications.
4. Make sure you have paste pics related to each diagram.

Physics
1. Look around you at the areas where concepts of Physics are used in day-to-day life, based on your
understanding of Physics write down one area where you applied Physics and made things easier
for yourself and your family.
2. This holiday, let learning go beyond textbooks—explore ideas, emotions, science, and society
through carefully chosen films that inspire curiosity, critical thinking, and reflection.
● The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind (2019) science-based movie for a 16-year-old student,
based on a true story, it highlights how a teenage boy uses physics, engineering, and
resourcefulness to build a windmill, solving a severe drought for his village
● Gifted Hands: The Ben Carson Story(2009) is a biographical movie based on Dr. Ben
Carson, a renowned neurosurgeon who overcomes a poverty-stricken, challenging
childhood in Detroit to become the Director of Pediatric Neurosurgery at Johns Hopkins
Hospital. The film highlights his career, focusing on his groundbreaking 1987 surgery to
separate conjoined twins.
3. INDIVIDUAL PROJECT WORK: -
To promote experiential learning and art integration students shall prepare working models (for
display in exhibition) & its PPT explaining the principle and other Applications of the concept used
for Display Board. The students shall be evaluated based on the individual contribution, originality
and aesthetics.
 Roll No Topics for project work
(1-6) Kinematics +Dynamics
(7-12) Rotation & center of mass
(13-18) Fluid statics
(19-24) Fluid Dynamics
(25-30) Surface Tension
(31-36) Heat and Thermodynamics
(37-45) Waves and Oscillatio

Political Science

Project 1: The "Constituent Assembly" Time Machine

Textbook: Constitution: Why and How?
Instead of just reading about the debates, students will step into the shoes of the founders.
The Task: Choose one major debate from the Constituent Assembly (e.g., National Language, Separate
Electorates, or Fundamental Rights vs. Directive Principles).
The Deliverable: Create a "Twitter (X) Thread from 1948." * Write a series of 10-15 "tweets" where
historical figures like Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, Jawaharlal Nehru, and Sardar Patel argue their points.
Use modern hashtags like #DraftingIndia, #RightsMatter, or #FederalismVibes.
Goal: Understand that the Constitution wasn't just "written"; it was fiercely negotiated.

Project 2: The "Political Lens" Movie Review

Textbook: Political Theory: An Introduction
Political theory is everywhere, even in Bollywood and Hollywood.
The Task: Watch one of the following movies and write a "Political Critique."
Article 15 (Hindi): Focus on the concept of Equality.
Newton (Hindi): Focus on the Electoral Process and its challenges.
The Trial of the Chicago 7 (English): Focus on Freedom of Speech and Dissent.
The Deliverable: A 2-page review. Don't summarize the plot! Instead, identify three scenes where a
"Political Theory" concept (Equality, Justice, or Liberty) was either upheld or violated.

Project 3: The "Local Hero" Interview

Chapter: Local Governments
The Task: Visit your local Ward Councilor (Parshad), Sarpanch, or a member of the Resident Welfare
Association (RWA).
The Deliverable: Conduct a 5-minute recorded interview or a written transcript. Ask them:
1. What is the biggest challenge in our locality?
2. How do you get funds from the state government?
3. If you could change one law about local governance, what would it be?
The Goal: To realize that "Politics" isn't just what happens in New Delhi; it’s what happens on their street.

Project 4: The "Mock Election" Campaign

Chapter: Election and Representation
The Task: Students must create a Political Party for the year 2050.
The Deliverable: A creative "Campaign Kit" including:
A Manifesto: 5 core promises (e.g., Right to Internet, Climate Action Laws).
The Symbol: Draw and explain why they chose it.
The Strategy: Will they use First-Past-The-Post (FPTP) or Proportional Representation (PR)? Explain why
their system is fairer.

Project 5: The "News Junkie" Scrapbook

Chapters: The Executive, Legislature, and Judiciary
The Task: Follow the news for 15 days.
The Deliverable: Create a digital or physical scrapbook titled "Checks and Balances in Action."
Find one news clipping where the Judiciary corrected the Executive (e.g., a Court stay order).
Find one news clipping where the Legislature debated a bill.
Write a 2-line "Simplified Version" of each news story so a 10-year-old could understand it.

(Enjoy your research, you can also create a group of maximum 3 students for this purpose. Please note, that
the portfolio needs to be done neatly on A4 size non colored papers in a paper folder and to be submitted
individually!)

PSYCHOLOGY

TASK I: MOVIE ANALYSIS

Watch any film or read a book depicting a psychological disorder /learning disability and
answer the following questions on A4 sized sheets.
Recommended movies-
“Shutter Island”
“Good Will Hunting”
“The Blind side”
“Taare Zameen Par”
“One who flew over the cuckoo’s nest”.
“Barfi”
‟A Beautiful Mind”
“As Good as it Gets”
Books:
“The Invisible Plague” - The Rise and Fall of Mental Illness from 1750 to the Present‟
by Torrey E.F .and Miller,
“The curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time” by Mark
Haddon “A Child called” “IT”-by Dave Pelzer)

Answer the following questions:

1) Briefly explain the disorder/disability depicted in the film/book.
2) What are the symptoms of the disorder? How effectively was the character able to
emote these characteristics in the film/book?
3) If you get to change one thing about the character and their life’s situations. What would that be ? and
how would that change the ending/climax of the movie/novel?
Task II: PROJECT
Make a 40 page (minimum) project on any Psychology based Topic. (The topics have been approved in
class).
Task III: WORKSHEET
Do the worksheet for Chapter 1 and 2 as given in class in Home work register.

Task IV: REVISION

Revise chapter 1: What is Psychology??
Revise chapter 2: Methods in Psychological enquiry

All the above tasks should be complete and to be submitted by July 1.

SOCIOLOGY

Students to make a project on any social issue following the given guidelines

GUIDELINE FOR SOCIOLOGY PROJECT

PROJECT CARRIES A WEIGHTAGE OF 20 MARKS

IMPORTANT TIPS –

• Keep the class XI sociology book for reference in class XII. You will have to refer chapter 5 of
Book 1 for research methods
• Ensure that your project has a heading and content under all the headings which are mentioned
above. You might get few marks more or few marks less depending on your content inside but you
still would be assured of reasonably good marks as you would be fulfilling the criteria laid down by
CBSE.

SEQUENCE OF PROJECT PRESENTATION/FILE BINDING –

❖ Cover page - with project name, year

❖ First page should be kept blank as the certificate of completion issued by the teacher would be pasted
here.
❖ Acknowledgement
❖ Hypothesis
❖ Introduction
❖ Causes
❖ Consequences
❖ Case study
❖ Methodology
❖ Implementation
❖ Presentation of evidence
❖ Survey (at least of 75 respondent)
❖ Analysis and Interpretation
❖ Evaluation
❖ Conclusion
❖ Limitation of the study,
❖ Bibliography

HOW TO START A PROJECT –

STEP – 1
➢ You can choose your own topic or pick up a board topic to build your project
➢ You have to get the topic approved by the teacher concern
➢ Choose the topic once you find sufficient matter available on the that topic. Sometimes topic seems
interesting but you end up not getting matter on that. So once the topic is decided then your work
starts STEP – 2
➢ Look out for surveys, research, essays written on your topic. You can look for all these in net
➢ Try to get thorough understanding of the topic by reading them. This would help you to formulate
your hypothesis, technique of doing the project and in fact even conclusion to some extent ➢ The
simplest technique would be to do survey method
STEP – 3 (HYPOTHESIS)
➢ Try to form Hypothesis in the form of a question
➢ Hypothesis is your assumption/reason for a certain problem
 ➢ For example – Is Nuclear family a reason for increase role of video games in child’s life?
OR Are video games the reason for decreased social networking amongst the children? STEP – 4
(INTRODUCTION)
➢ Next is writing introduction. This should contain all those matters which relates to your
hypothesis.
➢ It can be of 2 to 3 pages
➢ This may also include causes and consequences of the project
STEP – 5 (METHODOLOGY)
➢ In methodology you will have to write the way you plan to do your project ➢ In can be a case study
method, survey method, secondary data etc.
➢ Easiest method is to conduct a survey
STEP – 6 (SURVEY)
➢ Survey should be done of at least 75 people.
STEP – 7 (RATIONALE & METHODOLOGY)
➢ In this you have to give reason for selecting/ choosing a particular method.
➢ Like in survey method you can write that it is easier to get the opinion of many people at a time, it
is fastest method of collecting data.
➢ It is also most structured way of getting data.
STEPS – 8 (IMPLEMENTATION)
➢ Steps of Implementation – In this you have to write how you went about in the conduction of the
project.
➢ It would start with collection of data related to the subject, reading of the data, analysing the
problem, framing the hypothesis, framing the questionnaire, conduction of sample survey ( at least
of 75 people), restructuring of questionnaire after sample survey and making required correction,
doing proper survey of your sample size – which can be approximately 75 people. ➢ This will be
followed by analysis and interpretation.
STEP – 9 (PRESENTATION OF EVIDENCE)
➢ Here you need to attach your sample questionnaire
➢ Which will be followed by the filled 75 questionnaire which should be filled by the respondent in
their own hand writing
STEP – 10 (ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION)
➢ Now you need to tabulate all the answers
➢ This may be accompanied by pie chart or bar graphs. Responses have to be written in words below
the table.
STEP – 11 (EVALUATION)
➢ You need to analyse every question one by one. Make a tally, then graphical representation and then
explain each one of them STEP – 12 (CONCLUSION)
➢ Here you would try to give what you think the respondents are trying to say and whether it agrees
with the hypotheses which were framed by you or not. It would be your correlation of the responses
with the impact of the problem.
STEP – 13 – (LIMITATION of the study)
➢ In this you will write the difficulties faced by you in conduction of the study.
➢ Eg – while doing survey many people misplaced or lost the survey forms, or didn’t take it seriously
etc.
STEP – 14 – (BIBLOGRAPHY)
➢ Here you would write the names of all the books, web sites referred by you in conduction of the
project
 HOLIDAY HOMEWORK CLASS 12
MATHS
DO THESE IN ASSIGNMENT NOTEBOOK

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS(VSA-2 MARKS )

1. If a matrix has 6 elements, what are the possible orders it can have?
ANS; 1. 1  6, 6  1 , 2  3 , 3  2

2. Construct a 3 × 2 matrix whose elements are given by aij = |i – 3j |

3. If A = , B= , then find A – 2 B.3.

4. If A = and B = , write the order of AB and BA. 4. 2  2, 3 

3
𝟓 𝟐 𝟑 𝟔
5. Find the matrices X and Y if 𝑿 + 𝒀 = [ ] 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑿 − 𝒀 = [ ]
𝟎 𝟗 𝟎 −𝟏
[𝒙 𝟏 𝟎 𝒙
6. Solve: 𝟏] [ ] [ ] = 𝟎.
−𝟐 −𝟑 𝟑

7. Find the co-factor of 𝒂𝟏𝟐 in A = Ans :7. 46

8. Find the adjoint of the matrix A = Ans; 8

9. If A = , write A-1 in terms of A Ans: 9 A-1 = -

A

10. If A is square matrix satisfying A2 = I, then what is the inverse of A ?

Ans 10. A-1 = A
11. For what value of k , the matrix A = is not invertible ? Ans:
11 k = 17
Cos15 0 Sin15 0
12. Evaluate Ans 12.0
Sin 75 0 Cos75 0

1
 13. What is the value of |𝟑𝑰| , where I is identity matrix of order 3? Ans
13.27
14. If A is non singular matrix of order 3 and = 3, then find
Ans14.24
15. For what valve of a, is a singular matrix? Ans
15.-4/3

16. If A is a 3 × 3 invertible matrix, then what will be the value of k if det(A -1) =
(det A)k

𝟑 −𝟏
17 If |𝑨| = 3 and 𝑨−𝟏=[−𝟓 𝟐 ] then write the adj A
𝟑 𝟑
𝟗 −𝟑
Ans[ ]
−𝟓 𝟐

[Link] a matrix of order 2× 𝟑whose elements are

(a) 𝒂 (𝒊−𝟐𝒋)𝟐 (ii)𝒂𝒊𝒋= |−𝟐𝒊+𝒋|
𝒊𝒋= 𝟑
𝟐
𝟏 𝟏
𝟏 𝟗 𝟐𝟓 𝟎
Ans (a) [ 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 ] (b) ) [ 𝟑 𝟐
𝟑
𝟏]
𝟎 𝟐 𝟖 𝟏
𝟑 𝟑
19 Show that the elements on the main diagonal of a skew symmetric matrix
are all zero
𝟎 𝒂 𝟑
20. If the matrix A= [𝟐 𝒃 −𝟏] is a skew symmetric matrix ,find the value of
𝒄 𝟏 𝟎
a,b,c
Ans :a=-2, b=0, c=-3
21. A matrix which is both symmetric as well as skew symmetric is a null matrix.
𝟒 𝒙+𝟐
22. If [ ] is a symmetric matrix, then find the value of x.
𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑 𝒙 + 𝟏
Ans: x=5
23. Find the equation of line joining A( 1,3) and B(0,0) using determinants and
find k if
D( k,0) is a point such that area of ∆ ABD is 3 sq unit Ans: 3x-y=0,
k= ±𝟐

2
24. Solve the equations using matrix method 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 7; 𝑥 + 3𝑧 = 11 ; 2𝑥 –
3𝑦 = 1
Ans: x=2, y=1, z=3
𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏
25.A= [𝟐 𝟏 −𝟑] Find 𝐴-1 Hence , solve system of linear equations
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝑥+ 2𝑦+z = 4-𝑥+𝑦+𝑧 = 0 x-3𝑦 + 𝑧 = 2
𝟒 𝟐 𝟐
−𝟏 𝟏 𝟗
Ans 𝑨 = [−𝟓 𝟎 𝟓], x = ,
𝟏𝟎 𝟓
𝟏 −𝟐 𝟑
𝟐 𝟕
y = ,𝐳 =
𝟓 𝟓
𝟐 𝟑
[Link] A= [ ] and f(x) = x2 -4x +7. F(A) =O .Use this result to find A5 .
−𝟏 𝟐
−𝟏𝟏𝟖 −𝟗𝟑
Ans : [ ]
𝟑𝟏 −𝟏𝟏𝟖
𝟒 −𝟒 𝟖 𝟒
[Link] matrix A such that [𝟏] 𝑨 = [−𝟏 𝟐 𝟏]
𝟑 −𝟑 𝟔 𝟑
Ans ;[−𝟏 𝟐 𝟏]
𝟐 −𝟏 −𝟏 −𝟖 −𝟏𝟎
28. Find matrix A such that [ 𝟏 𝟎 ] 𝑨 = [ 𝟏 −𝟐 −𝟓 ]
−𝟑 𝟒 𝟗 𝟐𝟐 𝟏𝟓
𝟏 −𝟐 −𝟓
Ans : [ ]
𝟑 𝟒 𝟎
𝟐 𝟐 −𝟒 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟎
29. Given A=[−𝟒 𝟐 −𝟒]andB=[𝟐 𝟑 𝟒]
𝟐 −𝟏 𝟓 𝟎 𝟏 𝟐
find the product ofmatrices BA and hence solve the systemof equations

x- y = 3, 2x +3y + 4z = 17, y +2z =7 Ans: x=2, y=-1, z=4

𝟏 𝟐 𝟎 𝟏 𝟐 𝟎
30. Given A=[−𝟐 −𝟏 −𝟐]andB=[−𝟐 −𝟏 −𝟐]
𝟎 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 −𝟏 𝟏
Find the product ofmatrices AB and hence solve the systemof equations

x- y = 3, 2x +3y + 4z = 17, y +2z =7

Ans x=0, y=-5, z=-3

3
 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟐 −𝟐 𝟎 𝟏
31. Use the product [𝟎 𝟐 −𝟑] [ 𝟗 𝟐 −𝟑]solve the systemof equations
𝟑 −𝟐 𝟒 𝟔 𝟏 −𝟐

X +3z = -9 , -x +2y -2z = 4 , 2x -3y +4z = -3Ans:x=0, y=5, z=3

𝟏 𝟐 𝟎
32.A= [−𝟐 −𝟏 −𝟐] Find 𝐴-1 Hence , solve system of linear equations
𝟎 −𝟏 𝟏
𝑥 ― 2𝑦 = 10
2𝑥 ― 𝑦 ― 𝑧 = 8
― 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 7Ans:x=4, y=-3 ,z=1
𝟒 −𝟓 −𝟏𝟏
33. If A = [𝟏 −𝟑 𝟏 ]find A–1. Hence, solve the system of equations
𝟐 𝟑 −𝟕
4x −5 y -11z= 12 ; x - 3y + z = 1; 2x+3y -7z = 2Ans: x=-1, y=-1, z=-1
𝟏 −𝟐 𝟑 −𝟗 −𝟖 −𝟐
–1
[Link] A = [ 𝟎 −𝟏 𝟒]find (A’) Ans:[ 𝟖 𝟕 𝟐]
−𝟐 𝟐 𝟏 −𝟓 −𝟒 −𝟏
𝟏 𝟐 −𝟐 𝟑 −𝟏 𝟏
35. (a) If A = [−𝟏 𝟑 𝟎 ] and B = [−𝟏𝟓 𝟔 −𝟓] find (AB) -1.
𝟎 −𝟐 𝟏 𝟓 −𝟐 𝟐
𝟏𝟎 𝟕 𝟐𝟏
Ans:[−𝟒𝟗 −𝟑𝟒 −𝟏𝟎𝟑]
𝟏𝟕 𝟏𝟐 𝟑𝟔

36. Solve the following system of equations by matrix method:

x + 2y + 3z = 6, 2x - y + z = 2, 3x + 2y - 2z = 3. Ans: x =1, y= 1,
z= 1 .

This section comprises long answer (LA) type questions of 5 marks each.
−𝟑 −𝟐 −𝟒 𝟏 𝟐 𝟎
37. If A = [ 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 ] B= [−𝟐 −𝟏 −𝟐] then find AB and use it to solve
𝟐 𝟏 𝟑 𝟎 −𝟏 𝟏
the following system of equations.
x -2y=3
2x-y-z=2
-2y+z=[Link]: x =1, y= -1, z= 1

4
 𝒄𝒐𝒔 −𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟎
38.. If f()= [ 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟎], then prove that f (). f(-)= f ( -).
𝟎 𝟎 𝟏

39. Using determinants, find the area of PQR with vertices P(3, 1), Q(9, 3) and
R(5, 7). Also, find the equation of line PQ using determinants. Ans; x -3y= 0

𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽
40. Show that the determinant , = |− 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 −𝒙 𝟏 | is independent of
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 𝟏 𝒙
.
INTEGRAL
𝒅𝒙
1∫ 𝒅𝒙
√𝟒− 𝒙𝟐
𝟏 –1 𝒙 𝒙
(a) sin ( ) + c (b)sin( )+c
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
-1 𝒙 𝟏 𝒙
(c) cos ( )+ c (d ) cos–1 ( )+ C Ans(a)
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐

2.∫ 𝒆𝒙 (𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 )dx is equal to

(a)𝒆𝒙 cosx + C (b) 𝒆𝒙 sin x + C
(c)−𝒆𝒙 cosx +C (d) −𝒆𝒙 sin x + C
Ans (a)

3. Given ∫ 2x dx = f(x) + C, then f(x) is

Ans(c)
4.

(a) sin² x – cos² x + C (b) -1

(c) tan x + cot x + C (d) tan x – cot x + C

Ans(d)

5
5.

(a) 2(sin x + x cos θ) + C (b) 2(sin x – x cos θ) + C

(c) 2(sin x + 2x cos θ) + C (d) 2(sin x – 2x cos θ) + C
Ans (a)

6. ∫cot²x dx equals to
(a) cot x – x + C (b) cot x + x + C
(c) -cot x + x + C (d) -cot x – x + C
Ans (d)

7.

(a) log |sin x + cos x| (b) x

(c) log |x| (d) -x
Ans (d)

8. If ∫ sec²(7 – 4x)dx = a tan (7 – 4x) + C, then value of a is

(a) 7 (b) -4 (c) 3 (d) −14
(d), –1/4 tan (7 – 4x) + C.

9. The value of X for which

(a) 1 (b) loge4 (c) loe4 e (d) 4

Ans (b)
10.

Ans (c)

6
11.

then value of a is equal to

(a) 3 (b) 6 (c) 9 (d) 1 Ans (c)

12.

Ans (a)

13

Ans (c)

14.

(a) I1 > I2 (b) I2 > I1 (c) I1 = I2 (d) I1 > 2I2 Ans (b)

𝒂
15. If a is such that ∫𝟎 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 ≤ a + 4, then
(a) 0 ≤ a ≤ 4 (b) -2 ≤ a ≤ 0 (c) a ≤ -2 or a ≤ 4 (d) -2 ≤ a ≤ 4
Ans (d)
16.

7
(a) 3x + x3 + C (b) log |3x + x3| + C
(c) 3x²+ 3x loge 3 +C (d) log |3x² + 3x loge 3| + C
𝝅
𝝅
17. ∫𝟎 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 (𝒙 − ) dx is equal to
𝟔
𝟔
𝟏 −𝟏
(a) (b) (c) √𝟑 (d) √𝟑 Sol. (a)
√𝟑 √𝟑
𝟏+𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙
18.∫ dx is equal to
𝟏−𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙
2 𝝅
(a) sec ( + 𝒙)+ C (b) sec 2 ( − 𝒙)+ C
𝝅
𝟒 𝟒
𝝅 𝝅
(c) log |𝒔𝒆𝒄 ( + 𝒙)|+ C (d) log |𝒔𝒆𝒄 ( − 𝒙)|+ C
𝟒 𝟒
Sol. (c)
𝟐
19. The primitive of is
𝟏+𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝒙
(a) sec2 x (b) 2 sec2 x tan x (c) tan x (d) cot x
Sol. (c)
𝝅
𝟐𝝅
20. If ∫𝟎 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 k ∫𝟎𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 then the value of k is
(a) 4 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 0
Sol. (a)
21.∫ 𝟐𝒙+𝟐 dx is equal to
𝟐𝒙+𝟐 𝟐𝒙
(a) 𝟐𝒙+𝟐 +C (b) 𝟐𝒙+𝟐 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟐 +C (c) +C (d) 2 C
𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟐 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟐
Sol. (c).
𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒙−𝟏
22.∫ 𝒅𝒙 is equal to
𝟏+𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙
(a) x-- 2cos x +C (b) x + 2cos x + C
(c) --x-- 2cos x +C (d) –x+ 2cos x +C
Sol. (b)
𝟐
23.∫𝟎 √𝟒 − 𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙 equals
𝝅
(a) 2log 2 (b) 2log 2 (c) (d) Sol. (d)
𝟐
𝒙+𝟏
24.∫ 𝒆𝒙 ( ) 𝒅𝒙 is equal to
𝒙𝟐
𝒆−𝒙 𝒆𝒙 𝒆𝒙 −𝒆−𝒙
(a) + C (b) +C (c) 𝟐
+ C (d) + C
𝒙 𝒙 𝒙 𝒙
Sol. (d)
𝝅
25. The value of ∫𝟎 𝐥𝐨𝐠(𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙)𝒅𝒙 is
𝟐

𝝅 −𝝅
(a) (b) 0 (c) (d) 1
𝟐 𝟐
Sol. (b)

8
 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙
26. ∫ dx equals
𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙− 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙
(a) sec x - tan x+ c (b) sec x+ tan x+ c (c) tan x -secx+ c (d)
 (secx+ tan x)+ c
Ans(b)
𝟏 |𝒙−𝟏|
27.∫−𝟏 dx x  1 is equal to
𝒙+𝟏
(a) 1 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 2
Ans(d)
𝝅
28. The value of ∫𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒙 𝒅𝒙 is
𝟒

𝟏 −𝟏
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) (d) Ans (c)
𝟐 𝟐
29.∫ 𝒆𝟓𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙 dx is equal to
𝒙𝟓 𝒙𝟔
(a) +C (b) +C (c) 𝟓𝒙𝟒 + C (d) 𝟔𝒙𝟓 + C
𝟓 𝟔
Sol. (b)

𝒂
30. If ∫𝟎 𝟑𝒙𝟐 dx  8, then the value of ‘a’ is
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) 10
Sol. (a)

9
 TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

ONE MARK QUESTIONS

1. Solve 2 tan 2
x + sec2 x = 2 for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π

Ans
[Link] greatest value of sin x cos x is
𝟏
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) √𝟐 (d) Ans :1
𝟐

[Link] value of sin 20° sin 40° sin 60° sin 80° is
−𝟑 𝟓 𝟑 𝟏 𝟏 𝟑
(a) (b) (c) (d) . (𝒅) Ans:
𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟔 𝟐 𝟏𝟔
𝝅 𝟐𝝅 𝟒𝝅 𝟖𝝅
4. The value of cos cos cos cos is
𝟓 𝟓 𝟓 𝟓
𝟏 −𝟏 −𝟏 −𝟏
(a) (b) 0 (c) (d) Ans :(𝒅)
𝟏𝟔 𝟖 𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟔

5Which of the following is not correct -

−𝟏 𝟏
(a)sin 𝜽 = (b) cos 𝜽 = 1 (c) sec 𝜽 = (d) tan 𝜽 = 20. Ans
𝟓 𝟐
:(𝒄)
6. The value of tan1° × tan2° × tan3° ……..… tan89° is –
𝟏
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) (d) Not defined. Ans :(𝒃)
𝟐

7 If tan x = −𝟏 and 0 < x < 2𝝅, then solutions are -

𝝅 𝟒𝝅 𝝅 𝟕𝝅 𝟑𝝅 𝟓𝝅 𝟑𝝅 𝟕𝝅 𝟑𝝅
(a) , (b) , (c) , (d) , Ans(𝒅) ,
𝟑 𝟑 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒
𝟕𝝅
𝟒
−𝟏
8 If cosx = and 0 < x < 2𝝅, then solutions are -
𝟐
𝝅 𝟓𝝅 𝟐𝝅 𝟒𝝅 𝟐𝝅 𝟕𝝅 𝟐𝝅 𝝅 𝟐𝝅
(a) , (b) , (c) , (d) , Ans(𝒃) ,
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟔 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
𝟒𝝅
𝟑
9. If P = 2sin 2x – cos 2x, then P lies in the interval –
(a) [1, 3] (b) [1, 2] (c) [–1, 2] (d) None of these.
𝑨𝒏𝒔(𝒄) [– 𝟏, 𝟐]
𝝅 𝝅
10. If
𝟒
<x<
𝟐
, then write the value of √𝟏 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝒙 is -

(a) cosx – sinx (b) cosx + sinx (c) sinx – cosx (d) 2. Ans:
(𝒄)𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐱 – 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐱
𝝅 𝝅
11 The value of tan x sin ( + 𝒙) cos ( − 𝒙) is,
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏
(a) 1 (b) − 𝟏 (c) sin 2x (d) None of theseAns (a) 1
𝟐

12.cos40° + cos80° + cos160° + cos240° =

𝟏 −𝟏
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) (d) .Ans (d)
𝟐 𝟐

13 Find the degree measure for the following radian measure:

𝟕𝝅 𝟏
(i) (ii) (iii) -3
𝟏𝟐 𝟒

Ans(𝒊)𝟏𝟎𝟓𝒐 (𝒊𝒊)𝟏𝟒𝒐 𝟏𝟗′ 𝟓" (𝒊𝒊𝒊)−𝟏𝟕𝟏𝒐 𝟒𝟗′ 𝟓"

14. Find the radian measure for the following degree measure:

−𝝅 −𝟑𝝅
Ans(𝒊) (𝒊𝒊) (𝒊𝒊𝒊)
𝟖 𝟐

15What is the value of sin 75 0

√𝟑+𝟏 √𝟐+𝟑 √𝟑+𝟐 √𝟑+𝟐
(a) (b) (c) (d) Ans(a)
𝟐√𝟐 𝟐√𝟑 𝟐√𝟑 𝟐√𝟐
−𝟒
16. IfTan𝜽 = 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 𝒊𝒔 𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒍 𝒕𝒐
𝟑
−𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 −𝟒 −𝟒 𝟒
(𝒂) 𝒃𝒖𝒕 𝒏𝒐𝒕 (b) 𝒃𝒖𝒕 𝒏𝒐𝒕 (c) 𝒐𝒓 (d) 𝒏𝒐𝒏𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒔𝒆Ans (c)
𝟓 𝟓 𝟓 𝟓 𝟓 𝟓

𝟓𝝅 √𝟏−𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙+√𝟏+𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙
17. If < 𝑥 < 3𝝅, then the value of expression is
𝟐 √𝟏−𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 − √𝟏+𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙
− 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝒙 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙 −𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙
(b) (c) (d)
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐

TWO MARK QUESTIONS

[Link] is the sign of cos x/2 – sin x/2 when
𝝅 𝝅
(i) 0 < x < (ii) < x <𝝅Ans(𝒊)𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆(𝒊𝒊)𝒏𝒆𝒈𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆
𝟒 𝟐

√𝟑
2 . Find the value of sin ( -11π/3)Ans
𝟐

3 Evaluate

√𝟑
Ans
𝟐

√𝟔+√𝟐
4. Find the value of sin 1050 Ans
𝟒

𝟏− 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 𝟏𝟓𝟎 √𝟑
5 The value of is Ans
𝟏+𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 𝟏𝟓𝟎 𝟐
𝝅
6. Find the general solution of Sin x – Cos x = [Link] (𝟒𝒏 + 𝟏) , (𝟐𝒏 + 𝟏)𝝅
𝟐

THREE /SIX MARK QUESTIONS

Prove the following Identities
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟒𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑𝒙−𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙
1. = tan2x
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟒𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙+𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟔𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙

𝐬𝐢𝐧( 𝒙+𝒚)−𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙+ 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝒙−𝒚)

2. = tanx
𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝒙+𝒚)−𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 +𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝒙−𝒚)

𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟖𝜽 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽−𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟔𝜽𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟑𝜽

3. = 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐𝜽
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽− 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑𝜽𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟒𝜽

(𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟑𝜽) (𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟖𝜽+𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽)

4. (𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟓𝜽−𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽)( =1
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟒𝜽−𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟔𝜽)
 𝒙 𝒙 𝒙
5 Find sin , cos and tan when tan x = 2√𝟐 and x is in quadrant III.
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐

𝟐 𝟏
Ans.√ , −√ , -√𝟐
𝟑 𝟑

6. (i) Find the range of f(x) = 1 + 3cos2x

𝟏
(ii) Find the domain of f(x) =
√𝟏−𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙

Ans. (𝒊)[−𝟐, 𝟒](𝒊𝒊)𝒙 ∈ 𝑹 − {𝟐𝒏𝝅}𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆 𝒏 ∈ 𝒁

𝟑
[Link] that cos10⁰cos30⁰cos50⁰cos70⁰ =
𝟏𝟔
𝟑
8. Prove that cos2A + cos2(A+120⁰) + cos2(A-120⁰) =
𝟐
𝟑𝝅
9 Solve sin 2𝜽 + cos 2𝜽 = 𝟎𝑨𝒏𝒔: 𝒙 = 𝒏𝝅 ±
𝟖
𝝅 𝟓𝝅
10. Solve√𝟑cos 𝜽 + sin 𝜽 = √𝟐Ans. 𝒙 = 𝟐𝒏𝝅 − , 𝟐𝒏𝝅 +
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐

11. If sin𝜽 + sin∅ = a and cos𝜽 + cos∅ = b, then prove

𝒃𝟐 −𝒂𝟐
cos(𝜽 + ∅ ) =
𝒃𝟐 +𝒂𝟐

12. Find the general solution of the equation 5cos 2θ + 7sin 2θ – 6 = 0

𝝅
Ans. 𝒏𝝅 ±
𝟒
𝝅 𝝅 𝟑
13. Prove that : a) cos2x + cos2(x + ) + cos2(x - ) =
𝟑 𝟑 𝟐
𝒙 𝟗𝒙 𝟓𝒙
14. Prove that cos 2x cos - cos3x cos =sin 5x sin
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐

15. Find the general solution of the equation, 2sin x +√𝟑 cos x = 1+ sin x.
𝝅 𝟐𝝅 𝟒𝝅 𝟖𝝅 −𝟏
16. Prove that 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐬 =
𝟓 𝟓 𝟓 𝟓 𝟏𝟔
𝝅 𝟐𝝅 𝟒𝝅 𝟕𝝅 𝟏
17. Prove that 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐬𝐢𝐧 =
𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟔
𝟑 𝟑𝝅 𝒙 𝒙 𝒙
18. If tan x = , 𝝅 < 𝑥 < , find the values of , 𝒄𝒐𝒔 and 𝒕𝒂𝒏
𝟒 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
 PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATIONS

[Link] many words,with or without meaning can be made from the letters of
the word MONDAY. Assuming that no. letter is repeated, it
(i) 4 letters are used at a time?
ii)All letters are used but first letter is a vowel?
Q2.A bag contains 5black and 6red balls determine the number of ways in
which 2 black and 3 red balls can be selected.
Q3. In how many ways can 5girls and3boys be seated in a row so that no
two boys are together?
Q4. How many words,with or without meaning,each of 3vowels and 2consonants
can be formed from the letters of the word INVOLUTE
Q5. A group consists of 4girls and7boys. In how many ways can a team of 5
members be selected if the team has:
(i) nogirl?
ii) at least one boy and one girl?
(iii)atleast3girls?
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
[Link] many arrangements can be formed by the letters of the word 𝑽𝑶𝑾𝑬𝑳𝑺
if
There is no restriction
Each word begins with 𝑺
Each word begins with 𝑺 and ends with 𝑬
All vowels come together.
All consonants come together.
𝑨𝒏𝒔(𝒊)𝟕𝟐𝟎(𝒊𝒊)𝟏𝟐𝟎(𝒊𝒊𝒊)𝟐𝟒(𝒊𝒗)𝟐𝟒𝟎(𝒗)𝟏𝟒𝟒
[Link] is the number of ways of choosing 𝟒 𝒄𝒂𝒓𝒅𝒔 from a pack of 𝟓𝟐 playing
cards? In how many of these
Cards are of the same suit
Cards are of the same colour
are face cards
two are red and two are black cards
cards belong to different suits?
𝑨𝒏𝒔(𝒊)𝟐𝟖𝟔𝟎(𝒊𝒊)𝟐𝟗𝟗𝟎𝟎(𝒊𝒊𝒊)𝟒𝟗𝟓(𝒊𝒗)𝟏𝟎𝟓𝟔𝟐𝟓(𝒗)𝟐𝟖𝟓𝟔𝟏
[Link] are 10 professors and 20 students out of whom a committee of 2
professors and 3 students is to be formed. Find the number of ways in which
this can be done. Further find in how many of these committees:
A particular professor is included
A particular student is included
A particular student is excluded.
𝑨𝒏𝒔. 𝟓𝟏𝟑𝟎𝟎(𝒊)𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟔𝟎(𝒊𝒊)𝟕𝟔𝟗𝟓(𝒊𝒊𝒊)𝟒𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟓
4.A group consists of 𝟒 𝒈𝒊𝒓𝒍𝒔 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟕 𝒃𝒐𝒚𝒔. In how many ways can a team of
𝟓 𝒎𝒆𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓𝒔 be selected if the team has
No girls?
Atleast three girls?
Atleast one girl and one boy?

CASE STUDY
[Link] the math class, a teacher clears the concept of permutation and
combination to the 11th standard students. After the class was over she asks
the students some questions, one of the question was: how many numbers
between 99 and 1000 (both excluding) can be formed such that:
 every digit is either 3 or 7.
(i) 8 ways b) 2 ways c) 27ways d) 16 ways 𝑨𝒏𝒔:2 ways
(ii) there is no restriction.
1000 ways b) 900 ways c) 800 ways d) 700 ways 𝑨𝒏𝒔:900 ways
(iii) no digit is repeated.
684 ways b) 600 ways c) 648 ways d) 729 ways 𝑨𝒏𝒔:648
ways
(iv) the digit in hundred's place is 7
(a) 70 ways b) 80 ways c) 90 ways d) 100 ways𝑨𝒏𝒔:100 ways
(v) at least one of the digits is 7
a) 252 ways b) 525 ways c) 200 ways d) 500 ways𝑨𝒏𝒔𝟏𝟎𝟎 ways

II Anish appears in an examination. While reading the instructions,

Anish observed that the question paper consists of 12 questions divided into
two parts Part I and Part II, containing 5 and 7 questions, respectively. Based on
the given information, answer the following questions

(i) If Anish is required to attempt 8 questions in all, selecting at least 3

from each part, then in how many ways can he select the
questions?Ans: 210+175+35=420

(ii) If Anish is required to attempt 8 questions in all, selecting at most 3 from

part 1, then in how many ways can he select the questions?
Ans: 5+70+210=285