Probability

1. [June 2023] 4. [May 2024]

A certain book has 250 pages, and 21 of A choir of 48 singers has 12 members who
these pages have an illustration. If one of sing bass. If one singer from the choir is
the book’s pages is selected at random, what selected at random, what is the probability
is the probability of selecting a page with an of selecting a singer who sings bass?
illustration? (Express your answer as a dec-
1 36
imal or fraction, not as a percent.) A) C)
48 48
12 48
B) D)
48 48

5. [May 2024]
2. [March 2024]
The table shows the distribution of people
At a convention center, there are a total in a certain city by age group.
of 325 visitors. Each visitor is located in
either room A, room B, or room C. If one Age group Proportion
of these visitors is selected at random, the Less than 18 years old 27%
probability of selecting a visitor who is lo- 18–40 years old 24%
cated in room A is 0.48, and the probability 41–65 years old 28%
of selecting a visitor who is located in room Greater than 65 years old 21%
B is 0.16. How many visitors are located in
room C? If a person in this city is selected at random,
which of the following is closest to the prob-
A) 25 C) 104 ability of selecting a person who is greater
than 65 years old, given that the person is
B) 36 D) 117
at least 18 years old?

A) 0.21 C) 0.35
B) 0.29 D) 0.41

3. [March 2024] 6. [May US 2024]

There are 20 marbles in the bag: 8 red At a convention center, there are a total
marbles, 10 green marbles, and 2 blue mar- of 375 visitors. Each visitor is located in
bles. if one of these marbles is selected at either room A, room B, or room C. If one
random, what is the probability of selecting of these visitors is selected at random, the
a red marble? probability of selecting a visitor who is lo-
cated in room A is 0.48, and the probability
of selecting a visitor who is located in room
A) 2/20
B is 0.32. How many visitors are located in
B) 8/20 room C?

C) 10/20 A) 20 C) 60
D) 12/20 B) 58 D) 75

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7. [December US 2024] 10. [May 2025]

A sleep study consisted of 59 participants, Hakim has a bag of 50 tiles, where 45 are la-
of which 53 participants each had an av- beled with a letter and 5 are black. If Hakim
erage of more than 120 minutes of rapid selects a tile from the bag at random, what
eye movement (REM) sleep per night. If is the probability of selecting a black tie?
a participant from this study is selected at (Express your answer as a decimal or frac-
random, what is the probability of selecting tion, not as a percent.)
a participant that had an average of more
than 120 minutes of REM sleep per night?

A) 53/100 C) 53/59 11. [June US 2025]

B) 59/100 D) 59/53
Each rock in a collection of 70 rocks was
classified as either igneous, metamorphic,
or sedimentary, as shown in the frequency
table.

Classification Frequency
8. [March 2025] igneous 10
metamorphic 38
At a convention center, there are a total sedimentary 22
of 275 visitors. Each visitor is located in
either room A, room B, or room C. If one If one of these rocks is selected at random,
of these visitors is selected at random, the what is the probability of selecting a rock
probability of selecting a visitor who is lo- that is igneous?
cated in room A is 0.68, and the probability
of selecting a visitor who is located in room 10 10
A) C)
B is 0.24. How many visitors are located in 70 38
room C? 10 10
B) D)
60 22
A) 8 C) 45
B) 22 D) 121

12. [March 2025]

At a convention center, there are a total

of 375 visitors. Each visitor is located in
9. [May 2025] either room A, room B, or room C. If one
of these visitors is selected at random, the
At a convention center, there are a total probability of selecting a visitor who is lo-
of 375 visitors. Each visitor is located in cated in room A is 0.68, and the probability
either room A, room B, or room C. If one of selecting a visitor who is located in room
of these visitors is selected at random, the B is 0.24. How many visitors are located in
probability of selecting a visitor who is lo- room C?
cated in room A is 0.48, and the probability
of selecting a visitor who is located in room A) 8 C) 61
B is 0.24. How many visitors are located in B) 30 D) 165
room C?

A) 28 C) 90
B) 43 D) 105

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13. [August US 2023]

The table summarizes the distribution of age and assigned group for participants in a study.

0-9 years 10-19 years 20+ years Total

Group A 14 19 27 60
Group B 27 7 26 60
Group C 19 34 7 60
Total 60 60 60 180

One of these participants will be selected at random. What is the probability of selecting a
participant from group A, given that the participant is at least 10 years of age? (Express your
answer as a decimal or fraction, not as a percent.)

14. [August 2024]

A bin contains a mixture of T-shirts for two sports teams. The table shows the number of
T-shirts in the bin, classified by size and sports team.

Flames Panthers Total

Small 6 9 15
Medium 24 33 57
Large 18 24 42
Total 48 66 114

One T-shirt from the bin will be selected at random. What is the probability of selecting a
T-shirt that is medium, given that the T-shirt is a Flames T-shirt? (Express your answer as a
decimal or fraction, not as a percent.)

15. [June 2024]

The table summarizes the distribution of age and assigned group for 105 participants in a study.

0-9 years 10-19 years 20+ years Total

Group A 5 19 11 35
Group B 4 8 23 35
Group C 26 8 1 35
Total 35 35 35 105

One of these participants will be selected at random. What is the probability of selecting a
participant from group A, given that the participant is at least 10 years of age
2 3 19 6
A) B) C) D)
7 7 35 7

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16. [October 2024]

Live north of Live south of

Total
Center St. Center St.
Less than 45 years old 13 12 25
At least 45 years old 22 88 110
Total 35 100 135
The table summarizes members of a local organization by age and whether they live north or
south of Center St. If a member of the organization is selected at random, what is the probability
that the selected member is at least 45 years old?
25 35 100 110
A) B) C) D)
135 135 135 135

17. [August US 2023]

A researcher calculated the mitochondrial genome sizes g, in kilobase pairs (kbp), and the number
of mitochondrial genes for 34 different species. The table summarizes these data.

Number of Mitochondrial Genome Size (kbp)

mitochondrial genes g < 16 16 ≤ g < 18 18 ≤ g < 20 g ≥ 20 Total
36 or less 3 0 0 0 3
37 1 19 0 0 20
38 or more 2 0 4 0 6
Total 6 19 4 0 29

One of these species is selected at random. What is the probability of selecting a species with
a mitochondrial genome size greater than or equal to 18 kbp, given that it has 37 or more
mitochondrial genes?
(Express your answer as a decimal or fraction, not as a percent.)

18. [November US 2024]

For 100 neurons, the table summarizes the distribution of classification and cell body diame-
ter:
Cell body diameter (micrometers)
Classification
Less than 20 20 to 30 Greater than 30
Sensory neuron 13 7 3
Motor neuron 0 15 18
Interneuron 10 34 0
One of these neurons will be selected at random. What is the probability of selecting a neuron
with a cell body diameter that is less than or equal to 30 micrometers, given that it is not
classified as a motor neuron?

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19. [November 2024]

Even Odd
Total
integers integers
List A 12 44 56
List B 40 4 44
Total 52 48 100
The given table shows the number of even and odd integers contained in list A and list B. No
integer is contained in both lists. What fraction of even integers represented in the table are in
list A?
12 12 52 52
A) B) C) D)
52 56 100 56

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 Answers: Probability

Number Answer Number Answer

1 21/250 2 D
3 B 4 B
5 B 6 D
7 C 8 B
9 D 10 1/10
11 A 12 B
13 23/60 14 1/2
15 B 16 D
17 2/13 18 64/67
19 A

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