MATHEMATICS
JEE Main and Advanced
Matrices
Gyan ki baat
1. Matrix ki duniya ka 1 = In = In x n Identity matrix of order n
2. (An)0 = In
0
2 3 7 1 0 0
Ex - 4 5 6 =
0 1 0
2 1 2 0 0 1
0
2 2 7
Ex - = Not defined
1 4 6
Equality of two Matrices :-
Two matrices are said to be equal .
1. Their order must be equal.
2. Their responding elements are equal.
Q For what values of x and y are the following matrices equal.
2𝑥 + 1 3𝑦 𝑥 + 3 𝑦2 + 2
A= and B =
0 𝑦2 − 5𝑦 0 −6
Q Find x,y,a and b if
3𝑥 + 4𝑦 6 𝑥 − 2𝑦 2 6 4
A= and B =
𝑎+𝑏 2𝑎 − 𝑏 −3 5 −5 −3
Q If a,b,c are distinct numbers and
𝑎3 + 𝑏3 + 𝑐3 3𝑎𝑏𝑐
and B = then prove that a+b+c = 0
2 2
Algebra of Matrices
Adding / Subtracting
Multiplication by Scaler
Multiplying
Adding / Subtracting:
We can add and subtract two matrices only if they are of same order.
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Multiplication of two matrices:
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Q Evaluate
1 1
2 2
1 0 2 3 and B =
3 0
4 1
Properties of Matrix Multiplication:
1. In general AB ≠ BA
2. If A = O or B = O ⟹ AB = O
3. If AB = 0 ⇏ A = O or B = O
4. If AB = AC ⇏ B = C
5. But if B = C ⟹ AB = AC
6. AB = BA ⟹ A and B commute each other.
7. AB = -BA ⟹ then A and B anticommute each other
8. Multiplication of diagonal matrices of the same order will be
commutative.
9. (A.B).C = A.(B.C)
10. A(B+C) = AC + BC
11. (A +B)C = AC + BC
12. Generally AB ≠ BA But
Tr(AB) = Tr(BA)
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12
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Positive Integral power of a square matrix:
1. A2A = (AA)A = A(AA) =A3
2. Im = I for all m ∈ N
3. AmAn = Am+n and (Am)n =Amn
4. A0 = In
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𝑎 𝑏 𝛼 0
Q Let A =
𝑐 𝑑
and B = 𝛽 ≠
0
such thatAB = B and a + d = 2021 , then
the value of ad-bc is equal to JEE Main 2021
16
Transpose of a matrix :
1. The transpose of a matrix obtained by interchanging its row into column
or columns into rows.
2. The transpose of the matrix A is denoted by AT or A
𝑇
1 2 3 1 4 7
Ex:- 4 5 6 = 2 5 8
7 8 9 3 6 9
Properties of Transpose :
1. (AT)T = A
2. (A+B)T = AT + BT
3. (A-B)T = AT - BT
4. (kA)T = k(A)T
5. (AB)T = BTAT
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1 −2 0 2 −1 5
Q Let A + 2B = 6 −3 3 and 2A - B = 2 −1 6 Tr(A) denotes the sum of
−5 3 1 0 1 2
all diagonals elements of the matrix A .Then Tr(A) – Tr(B) has value equal
to.
18
Q If for the matrix A=
1
𝛼
−𝛼
𝛽
, AAT = I2 then the value of 𝛼 4 + 𝛽4 is :
(A) 1 JEE Main 2023
(B) 3
(C) 2
(D) 4
19
Q Lert A be a square matrix such that AAT = I. Then
1
2
𝐴 𝐴 + 𝐴𝑇 2 + 𝐴 + 𝐴𝑇 2
is equal to JEE Main 2024
(A) A2 + I
(B) A3+ I
(C) A2 + AT
(D) A3 + AT
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Pattern Recognition :
𝑛
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
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Q
𝑛
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 0 −1
𝐴= ,(a ∈ 𝑅) such that A32 = then the value of 𝛼 𝑖𝑠
−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 1 0
JEE Main 2019
𝜋
(A)
16
(B) 0
𝜋
(C)
32
𝜋
(D)
64
22
𝑛
Q If P = 1
1
0
1 then P50 is :-
2
𝜋 JEE Main 2019
(A)
16
(B) 0
𝜋
(C)
32
𝜋
(D)
64
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1 0 0
Q If A = 0 1 1 then A2025 – A2020 is equal to :- JEE Main 2021
1 0 0
(A) A5
(B) A6
(C) A5 - A
(D) A6 − A
Q If A = 1
2
1
− 3 1
3
, then JEE Main 2023
(A) A30 − A25 = 2I
(B) A30 = A25
(C) A30 + A25 −A = I
(D) A30 + A25 + A = I
5 3
Q If M = 2
3
2
1 , then which of the following matrices is equal to M2022 ?
− −
2 2 JEE Adv 2022
3034 3033
(A)
−3033 −3032
3034 −3033
(B)
3033 −3032
3034 3032
(C)
−3032 −3031
3032 3031
(D)
−3031 −3030
27
Q If A = 2 −1
1 1
, If the sum of the diagonal element of A13 is 3n , then n is
equal to
JEE Main 2024
Ans: n = 7
29
Types of Matrices :
1. Orthogonal Matrices
A square matrix is said to be orthogonal if AAT = 1
❖ If A is an orthogonal matrix, then its determinant must be 0 or ±1.
2. Idempotent Matrices
A square matrix is said to be idempotent if A2 = A
2 −2 −4
❖ Ex:- A = −1 3 4 is idempotent
1 −2 −3
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Types of Matrices :
3. Nilpotent Matrices
A nilpotent matrix is a square matrix N that becomes a zero matrix
when raised to a specific positive integer power.
❖ Index of Nilpotency:-The smallest positive integer k that satisfies
Nk = 0 is called the index of nilpotency.
4. Involutary Matrices
If A2 = I the matrix is said to be an involutary matrix.
Determinat of involutary matrix is ±1.
1 −3. −4
Question The matrix A = −1 3 4 iis nilpotent of index.
1 −3 −4
(A) 2
(B) 3
(C) 4
(D) 6
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5. Periodic Matrix
❖ A periodic matrix is a square matrix A that returns to itself when
raised to a specific power. It is formally defined by the equation
Ak+1 = A where k is a positive integer.
❖ The Period:-The smallest positive integer k for which Ak+1 = A is called
the period of the matrix.
6. Singular & Nonsingular matrix
❖ A Square matrix A is said to be non-singular if |A| ≠ 0
❖ A Square matrix A is said to be singular if |A| = 0
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1 −3. −4
Question The matrix A = −1 3 4 iis nilpotent of index.
1 −3 −4
(A) 2
(B) 3
(C) 4
(D) 6
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2 −1
Q If A =
1 1
, If the sum of the diagonal element of A13 is 3n , then n is
equal to
JEE Main 2024
2 −1
If A = , If the sum of the diagonal element of A13 is 3n , then n is
1 1
equal to
JEE Main 2024