STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

LO 1/1.1Determine general properties of Civil Engineering structures

 Establish ingredients, properties, behaviour of concrete including various design mix ratios of
concrete
 Determine the properties of:
IRON, STEEL AND THEIR
TIMBER
PLASTICS
PAINTS
SYNTHETIC MATERIALS
ASPHLATS AND TARS
 Fresh and hardened of concrete.
 Design special concretes and their specific applications
 Construction Materials :
Tiles: For flooring, roofing and decorative – properties  and uses.
Lime: Properties and uses.
Timber: Varieties, properties, uses, defects, seasoning and preservation
 Foundations Introduction to different types of foundations – masonry footing, isolated,
combined and strap, RCC footings, raft foundation, friction piles and bearing piles, caissons and
coffer dams
 Brick Masonries Bricks: Types, refractive and modular bricks and their application
 Bonds in bricks, reinforced brick work, hollow block construction and rat trap masonry.
 Walls: Load bearing and partition walls, damp proof construction for walls and floors
 Doors and Windows: Different types of doors and windows with necessary sketches. Flooring
Granolithic, concrete, marble, and terrazzo flooring including methods of laying
 Roofing: Sloped roofs – lean to, coupled and collared roofs, king post and queen post trusses
 Stairs Types of R.C. stairs with sketches
 Plastering and Painting: Colour washing, White washing and distempering of walls.
 Reinforced Concrete Construction: Lintels, beams, slab functions, methods of construction and
detailed sketches, form work details for R.C.C. columns, beams and slabs
 Concrete Technology Fresh Concrete: Definition, Cement: Types, composition, properties and
uses. Coarse aggregate and fine aggregate, properties and uses. Physical tests on ingredient of
fresh concrete as per I.S. Quality of water and water-cement ratio, segregation, and bleeding.
Mix design, proportion, batching, workability, mixing, placing, compacting, various methods of
curing, Test on fresh concrete as per IS
 Admixtures: A brief description on commonly used admixtures and their effects on concrete.
Hardened Concrete: Maturity, creep, shrinkage, Destructive and non-destructive tests

LO 2 :Identify Civil Engineering Materials in Structural Engineering

Design

2.1 IDENTIFY AND MAKE SIMPLE DESIGNS OF VARIOUS STRUCTURAL

ENGINEERING COMPONENTS

 Stair Case: Types of stairs, live load on stairs, general notes on design of stairs, design of
dog-legged and open-newel types.
 Retaining Walls: Types of retaining wall, general design requirement, design of
cantilever retaining wall and counter fort type retaining wall.
 Water Tanks: Introduction, requirement of materials, design of water tank as per IS code
3370, rectangular and circular tanks resting on ground. Columns and beams: Built-up
columns, column splices, column bases subjected to axial loads, gusseted bases
subjected to only axial loads.
 Roof Trusses: Design of roof truss, purlin and bearing plate.
 Welded plate girders: Design of plate girders

2.1 Assess and apply various design solutions to

 Reinforcement detailing of different types of RCC structural elements i.e. Beams,
columns, slabs, staircases and foundations.
 Design by Working Stress Method Role of reinforcement, behaviour of RCC sections.
 Principles of design of reinforced concrete members Straight line theory, assumptions,
determination of neutral axis, determination of stress and strain due to bending moment
Basic concepts of design for bending moment and shear forces - under reinforced,
overreinforced and balanced beam. Design of singly/ doubly reinforced sections.
 Limit State Method Principle of limit state method of design, characteristic loads,
characteristic strength, partial safety factors, stress strain characteristics of concrete and
steel.
 Introduction to stress block parameters for collapse, limit state of serviceability.
 Limit State Design of Beams Design of rectangular beams (singly and doubly
reinforced), design for shear and torsion.
 Design of One Way and Two Way Slabs Limit state design of one way and two way
slabs for various boundary conditions Limit State Collapse in Compression Limit state
collapse in compression: design of axially loaded short RC columns of square/
rectangular cross-sections under axial loading.
 Column footing Types of footing, design of isolated footing. Stair cases.
 Types of stairs, design of dog legged stair case

LO 3 Design and make simple Structures for Civil Engineering

3.1 CARRY OUT SIMPLE APPLIED MECHANICS FOR VARIOUS STRUCTURAL
ENGINEERING COMPONENTS

 Resolve forces
 Solve stress strain problems
 Solve truss problems
 Combined bending and direct stress.
 Concepts of composite beams.
 Shear force and bending moment.
 Calculate the centroids and second moment of area of sections.
 Concepts of reinforced concrete design
 Computers and relevant civil engineering software

3.2 List and solve various structural engineering problems in Civil

Engineering
 Reinforcement detailing.
 Design by Working Stress
 Limit State Method
 Introduction to stress block parameters for collapse, limit state of serviceability.
 Limit State Design of Beams.
 Design of One Way and Two Way Slabs
 Column footing
 Types of stairs, design of dog legged stair case.

3.3 ASSESS AND APPLY VARIOUS DESIGN SOLUTIONS

 Reinforcement detailing of different types of RCC structural elements i.e. Beams,
columns, slabs, staircases and foundations.
 Design by Working Stress Method Role of reinforcement, behavior of RCC sections.
 Principles of design of reinforced concrete members Straight line theory, assumptions,
determination of neutral axis, determination of stress and strain due to bending moment
Basic concepts of design for bending moment and shear forces - under reinforced, over-
reinforced and balanced beam. Design of singly/ doubly reinforced sections.
 Limit State Method Principle of limit state method of design, characteristic loads,
characteristic strength, partial safety factors, stress strain characteristics of concrete and
steel.
 Introduction to stress block parameters for collapse, limit state of serviceability.
 Limit State Design of Beams Design of rectangular beams (singly and doubly
reinforced), design for shear and torsion.
 Design of One Way and Two Way Slabs Limit state design of one way and two way
slabs for various boundary conditions Limit State Collapse in Compression Limit state
collapse in compression: design of axially loaded short RC columns of square/
rectangular cross-sections under axial loading.
 Column footing Types of footing, design of isolated footing. Stair cases

TOPICS
1. Introduction to Structural Engineering

 Overview of structural engineering

 Importance in civil engineering
 Historical development of structural engineering
 Types of structures (buildings, bridges, dams, etc.)

2. Types of Loads

 Dead loads
 Live loads
 Environmental loads (wind, earthquake, snow, etc.)
 Load combinations

3. Basic Concepts of Stress and Strain

 Stress (normal and shear stress)

 Strain (normal and shear strain)
 Stress-strain relationship (Hooke's Law)
 Elasticity and plasticity
4. Mechanical Properties of Materials

 Properties of structural materials (steel, concrete, wood)

 Tensile and compressive strength
 Modulus of elasticity
 Poisson’s ratio

5. Axial, Shear, and Bending Stresses

 Axial stress in members

 Shear stress in beams
 Bending stress in beams (bending moment, neutral axis)
 Combined stresses

6. Types of Structures and Structural Elements

 Beams, columns, trusses, frames

 Load transfer mechanisms
 Structural systems (load-bearing walls, frames, trusses)

7. Analysis of Statically Determinate Structures

 Equilibrium conditions
 Free body diagrams
 Reactions at supports
 Analysis of simple beams, trusses, and frames

8. Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagrams

 Drawing shear force and bending moment diagrams for beams

 Relationship between load, shear force, and bending moment
 Point of zero shear (maximum bending moment)

9. Introduction to Structural Design

 Basic principles of structural design

 Factors of safety
 Introduction to design codes and standards
 Simple design examples for beams and columns

10. Introduction to Structural Analysis

 Concepts of determinate and indeterminate structures

 Methods of analysis (e.g., method of joints for trusses)
 Influence lines for determinate structures

11. Introduction to Reinforced Concrete Structures

 Basic concepts of reinforced concrete

  Introduction to reinforcement detailing
 Simple design of reinforced concrete beams and slabs

12. Introduction to Steel Structures

 Basic concepts of steel structures

 Types of steel sections
 Introduction to the design of steel beams and columns

13. Structural Dynamics (Basic Concepts)

 Introduction to dynamic loads (earthquake, wind)

 Basic concepts of natural frequency and resonance
 Introduction to the analysis of dynamic loads

14. Case Studies and Applications

 Analysis of simple structural systems

 Examples of structural failures and lessons learned
 Introduction to structural engineering software