🧠 ICT NOTES (Explained SUPER simple)
1. System software vs Application software
System software = the “boss” of the computer
👉 It tells everything what to do (like Windows)
Application software = the “apps you play with”
👉 like games, YouTube, Word
🧱 2. Hardware vs Software
Hardware = things you can TOUCH
👉 keyboard, screen, mouse
Software = things you CANNOT touch
👉 apps, games, programs
🧰 3. Types of software
System software = runs the computer
Application software = what YOU use (games, Chrome, Word)
⚙️4. Operating system (OS)
The OS is like the teacher of the computer 👩🏫
It:
controls everything
opens apps
saves files
keeps things organised
protects your stuff
💻 5. Examples of OS
Windows
Mac
Android (phones)
iPhone system
🧼 6. Utility programs
These are like “cleaning tools” 🧹
They:
remove viruses
clean junk files
fix storage
make things faster
help back up your files
☁️7. Cloud computing
This means: 👉 Your stuff is stored on the INTERNET instead of your phone/computer
Like Google Drive, iCloud, etc.
🌐 8. Examples of cloud
Google Drive
iCloud
Netflix
Gmail
🌍 9. Browser vs Search engine
Browser = the app you open internet with (Chrome)
Search engine = where you SEARCH stuff (Google)
👉 Browser = door 🚪
👉 Search engine = librarian 📚
🌐 10. Browsers
Chrome
Firefox
Safari
Edge
⚡ 11. Why search engines are good
super fast
free
find anything
works 24/7
gives best answers first
📱 12. ICT meaning
👉 Information and Communication Technology
(Just fancy word for computers + internet stuff)
🎓 13. ICT in education
Teachers use computers for:
online classes
videos
assignments
emails
presentations
🚨 ONLINE SAFETY PART
💥 1. ICT in teaching
videos in class
online quizzes
digital notes
simulations (fake practice labs)
😈 2. Online abuse types
Cyberbullying = being mean online
Trolling = annoying people for fun
Doxxing = leaking private info
Catfishing = pretending to be someone else
🌐 3. Online environment
👉 Any place on the internet where people talk or interact
😢 4. Cyberbullying
👉 Bullying but ONLINE
5. Cyberstalking
👉 Someone stalking you online (watching you, threatening you)
6. Staying safe online
don’t share passwords
block bad people
don’t trust strangers
keep accounts private
think before posting
🌍 7. WWW
👉 World Wide Web (basically the internet pages)
📡 8. ISP
👉 company that gives you internet
(like MTN, Vodacom)
📷 9. QR code
👉 square barcode you scan with your phone
🔐 10. Strong password
long
mixed letters + numbers + symbols
not your name
not “1234”
🔐 11. 2FA vs CAPTCHA
2FA = login + extra code (double security)
CAPTCHA = prove you’re not a robot 🤖
📋 12. Lists in HTML
bullets = unordered list
numbers = ordered list
👉 just ways to organise info
🔄 13. Encoding
👉 changing data into another form so computers can use it
(not hiding it, just converting it)
💾 COMPUTER STORAGE PART
💿 1. Disk parts
Hard drive parts like:
spinning disks
reading arm
tracks (paths)
📎 2. Insert in Word
You can add:
pictures
tables
charts
page numbers
📝 3. Composition / Internet use
composition = making documents/presentations
internet use = browsing, emails, research
📄 4. Header & footer
Header = top of page
Footer = bottom of page
📐 5. Portrait vs Landscape
Portrait = tall page
Landscape = wide page
🔢 6. Ascending vs Descending
Ascending = small → big
Descending = big → small
💾 7. Save vs Save As
Save = update same file
Save As = make a new copy